1、Unit 3 基础夯实本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。第一部分 阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节 （共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A5 of the Most Interesting Customs in the WorldSwitzerland-Honesty shoppingThere are little shops in the middle of the Swiss Alps that allow you to buy your fresh cheese, milk, bread, honey, a
2、nd butter without anyone to watch you. In fact, no one watches these shops because they are owned by farmers who are out taking care of the animals.South Korea-NOT tippingTipping is in the blood for someone who is raised in the United States along with many other European countries. But in South Kor
3、ea, employees in the food service industry are given fair wages and take pride in their work, and it is insulting(侮辱人的)to attempt to tip them.Iceland-Christmas Eve books givingPeople puzzle over the eternal(永恒的) question of Christmas gifts. Iceland has solved this problem with the Christmas Eve trad
4、ition of giving a book. After everyone unwraps the books, they spend the evening reading together.Japan-Pushers on the subwayJapans subway is crowded during rush hours. But instead of settling for the inefficiency that personal space demands, Japan has pushers. They are exactly what they sound like-
5、employees whose only job during rush hour is to push more people onto the train.Russia-Offering vodkaIt is the custom to welcome new friends with shots of vodka. What better way to break the ice than with some stomach-warming shots of this Russian tradition? Thats something we can all toast to, or,
6、as they say in Russia, Na zdorovye!1.In which of countries is it a tradition to give books as a Christmas gift?A.Japan.B.South Korea.C.Russia.D.Iceland.2.What can we learn from the text?A.It is a tradition for Swiss to welcome guests with vodka.B.No one watches you shop in Switzerland because people
7、 are busy.C.Pushers in Japan help you get off the train faster.D.Tipping is in the blood for people in South Korea.3.Who might be the target readers?A.Those who intend to travel in their home country.B.Those who want to study abroad.C.Those who are interested in diverse customs around the globe.D.Th
8、ose who are fond of natural sceneries.BWhether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot compa
9、ny Jibo.While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo robot, arranged to sh
10、ip later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesnt just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It
11、 can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.Fell
12、ow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The companys Oshbot robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the products location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for diff
13、erent items based on what the customer is shopping for.The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for
14、 us, but with us, said Breazeal.1. How are social robots different from household robots?A. They can control their emotions.B. They are more like humans.C. They do the normal housework.D. They respond to users more slowly.2. What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?A. Communicate with you a
15、nd perform operations.B. Answer your questions and make requests.C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk.D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.3. What can Oshbot work as?A. A language teacher.B. A tour guide.C. A shop assistant.D. A private nurse.4. We can learn from the last paragr
16、aph that social robots will _.A. train employeesB. be our workmatesC. improve technologiesD. take the place of workers5. What does the passage mainly present?A. A new design idea of household robots.B. Marketing strategies for social robots.C. Information on household robots.D. An introduction to so
17、cial robots.CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some
18、 language experts believe that 10, 000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In re
19、cent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and
20、 Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.
21、 Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people
22、 than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (o
23、ne, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns D. They were closely connected.2. Which of the following best explains “d
24、ominant” underlined in Paragraph 2?A. Complex B. Advanced.C. PowerfulD. Modern.3. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6,800B. About 3,400C. About 2,400D. About 1,2004. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are
25、 reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.DPeople are ruder today because they are rushed and more time poor than ever before, says Patsy Rowe. Manners have fallen off the radar (雷达).Due to our strong attraction to electronic e
26、quipment it is a wonder more people dont wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint (抱怨)about the noise. Here are some examples of rudeness.Some people prefer to do almost everything over theInternet. To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward.
27、 It feels very slow because humans dont work at 4G speeds. When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone. We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings life-changing news, so taking calls and checking our texts are mo
28、re important than talking to the people we are with. What is worse, some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的) rude messages by email.However, rudeness is never acceptable. Dont assume it is OK to be rude if the person youre in touch with wont recognize you. If you have something awful to say, hav
29、e the courage to face the person and say it, write a letter or email and sign it, or forget it. Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.We shouldnt blame technology for our shortcomings. Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to take over our lives. An impo
30、rtant step is acknowledging our shortcomings. People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more helpful if wed publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them.1. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 ?A. People can tell good from bad behavior
31、.B. Radar is able to observe human behavior.C. People care little about their behavior.D. Radar can be used to predict human behavior.2. Some people are less willing to deal with humans because _.A. they are becoming less patientB. they are growing too independentC. they have to handle many importan
32、t messagesD. they have to follow an evolutionary step backward3. The author thinks sending unsigned awful messages is _.A. ridiculousB. disgustingC. acceptableD. reasonable4. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. We should applaud good behavior.B. Technology can never be blamed.C. We should k
33、eep pointing out mistakes.D. Technology will take over our lives one day.第二节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）Why Do We Get Angry?Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we ge
34、t angry are triggering(触发) events, personality traits(特征), and our assessment of situations. _Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain,
35、 and much more._ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to ones personal history and psychological traits.Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset to
36、lerance are much more likely to get angry. _Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred._Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative(消
37、极的) outlooks on situations can create anger._However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by compr
38、ehending the reasons for our feelings.A.Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.B.But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.C.Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.D.An
39、ger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.E.Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.F.Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselv
40、es with a critical eye.G.Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.第二部分 语言运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分） Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 . He l
41、earned the value and beauty of2 there from a very young age. When he was 16, Molai began to notice something3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the4 it caused had driven away a number of birds.5 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He6 that it was beca
42、use there werent enough trees to protect them from the7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek8 during the daytime. He turned to the9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where h
43、e began to plant trees. 11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling(幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落) on the plants below. Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 year
44、s. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.1. A. dreamB. jobC. homeD. choice2. A. natureB. youthC. cultureD. knowledge3. A. preciousB. interestingC. disturbingD. awkward4. A. wasteB. tensionC. painD. damage5. A. BesidesB. Howev
45、erC. ThereforeD. Otherwise6. A. agreedB. realizedC. rememberedD. predicted7. A. noiseB. heatC. diseaseD. dust8. A. directionsB. partnersC. helpD. shelter9. A. laborB. policeC. forestD. finance10. A. rebuiltB. discoveredC. leftD. managed11. A. DecoratingB. ObservingC. WateringD. Guarding12. A. toughB
46、. illegalC. fantasticD. beneficial13. A. backB. topC. footD. side14. A. cool downB. keep offC. purifyD. collect15. A. returnedB. learnedC. failedD. continued第二节 （共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分） A 90-year-old has been awarded Woman Of The Year for _(be) Britains oldest full-time employee still working 40 hours
47、a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,_ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have _ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year. Picking up her Lifetime Achievement award, proud Irene _ (declare) she had no plans _ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, I dont see
