1、Unit 5 能力提升2021-2022学年高二英语外研版(2019)选择性必修二单元测试卷本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。第一部分 阅读（共两节,满分50分）第一节 （共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIn the last 50 years, sea surface temperatures around Antarctica have risen by 12C, which is more than twice the global average.Loss of speciesGlobal warmin
2、g could basically change the ecosystem, leading to the loss of some species. Sharks are going to arrive in Antarctica as long as the warming trend continues, a bit more slowly than crabscrabs are going to get there first, but once they do get there they are able to eat the organisms that live there.
3、 Professor Wilga said the arrival of sharks and shell-crushing bony fishes would lead to great changes in the number and proportions (比例)of species found there.Shrimp, ribbon worms and brittle stars are likely to be the most attackable to population declines. Animals living in shallow waters in Anta
4、rctica are unique on Earth today because they evolved (进化) in a very cold environment over tens of millions of years.Extreme conditionsIn the course of a process we call Antarctic cooling that started about 40 million years ago, all major seafloor predators such as sharks and crabs went extinct in A
5、ntarctica because they were not able to deal with these extreme conditions.However, today global warming is removing barriers to invasions and weve seen recently that crabs, especially king crabs, are on the doorstep of Antarcticathey can potentially re-invade the shallow waters if warming continues
6、.Urgent local and global actions are needed to protect this last environment and measures are needed to stop alien species being brought in through ships.Strange creaturesAnimals that live on the seafloor of Antarctica are some of the strangest creatures on Earth. The extreme cold and darkness has p
7、resented huge challenges to marine life over the passage of time, leading to the evolution of fish equipped with anti-freeze proteins in their blood.1. How will these alien species affect the ecosystem in Antarctica?A. They will change the extremely cold conditions in Antarctica.B. They will change
8、the numbers and proportions of species in Antarctica.C. The sea surface temperature of Antarctica will rise more quickly.D. The number of shrimp and ribbon worms will increase in Antarctica.2. How does the author feel about the alien species invasion to Antarctica?A. Worried.B. Doubtful.C. Satisfied
9、.D. Excited.3. Which is the best title of this passage?A. Creatures in Antarctica Are UniqueB. The Extreme Conditions in AntarcticaC. Alien Species Are Not Found in AntarcticaD. Alien Species May Change Antarctic EcosystemBBy the end of the century, if not sooner, the worlds oceans will be bluer and
10、 greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from
11、 green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the oceans appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) i
12、nto the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplan
13、kton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MITs Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3, it found that mul
14、tiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. Not only
15、are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing, she said, but the type of phytoplankton is changing.And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, it will change the type of fish that will be able
16、to survive. Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coining decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. Itll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening
17、because of climate change, Dutkiewicz said, but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.B. The cause of the changes in ocean co
18、lour.C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.2. What does the underlined word vulnerable in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Sensitive.B. Beneficial.C. Significant.D. Unnoticeable.3. What can we learn from the passage?A. Phytoplankton play a decl
19、ining role in the marine ecosystem.B. Dutkiewiczs model aims to project phytoplankton changes.C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour change
20、s.B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.C It is true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. There is
21、also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a 2012 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society noted that, The global warming over the last half-century has been caused mainly by human activity. You m
22、ay not believe that humans could change the planets climate, but the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space,
23、wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket. Of course, the earths climate has always been changing due to natural factors(因素) such as volcanic eruption or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earths going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by n
24、ow matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmospherenot the warming we would expect from other possible causes. Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult questi
25、on. As Robert Henson puts it, If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change, then why arent carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be? The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for g
26、lobal warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earthsone with human influence and one without That obviously isnt possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.1. In most scientists opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by _
27、. A. solar activitiesB. volcanic activitiesC. natural factorsD. human factors2. The passage is developed by_. A. giving typical examplesB. following the order of spaceC. analyzing a theory and arguing itD. comparing and finding differences3. We can reasonably know from the passage that _. A. natural
28、 factors also contribute to changes of earths climateB. greenhouse gases also have some benefits to the earthC. there is another planet that is exactly the same as the earthD. increasing temperature can not be proved with 100% certainty4. Which of the following can be the best title?A. Are All the S
29、cientists Really Scientific?B. Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to?C. Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming?D. Whats Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases?DIf youve been paying attention, you know that corvids (crows, rooks and ravens) are remarkably intelligent birds. Now these f
30、eathered geniuses have been given a job: six rooks have been trained to pick up rubbish in the Puy du Fou historical theme park in western France.Whenever Boubou, Bamboo, Bill, Black, Bricole and Baco place a cigarette butt or other small pieces of trash in a special container, it offers a treat-rew
31、arding for their efforts. The idea came from one of the parks falconers(养鹰人), Christophc Gaborit. As part of the falconry show, crows had already been trained to pick up roses and bring them to a princess, so in the 2000s, Gaborit raised and trained two rooks to do the same with rubbish.The training
32、 system is similar to experimental programs for testing corvids intelligence, in which a vending machine distributes a food reward when a crow correctly performs a task. Earlier this year, a type of vending machine was used to teach crows how to tear paper into a specific shape. And 10 years ago, ha
33、cker Josh Klein built a similar vending machine to reward crows for getting back lost money. So we know the concept works.The rooks arc employed for the first time over the weekend, and theyll be working four days aweek under close watch-not for the birds, but to make sure the humans dont deliberate
34、ly drop rubbish to watch the birds clean it up. Thats because the aim of the rook garbage collectors isnt only to collect garbage-its also to get park-goers to think before they litter. OK, the birds are able to do something that we are much more able to do than them, so we should do this by ourselv
35、es, park president Nicolas de Villiers told NPR. Its a funny way to show the people that you cannot throw papers everywhere.1. Who is the trainer of the rooks to pick up garbage?A. Nicolas de Villiers.B. Josh Klein.C. Christophe Gaborit. D. Puy du Fou2. Why will the rooks work under close watch?A. T
36、o make sure the rooks safety.B. To prevent the rooks flying away.C. To avoid being disturbed purposely by humans.D. To watch the rooks doing the right thing.3. What does the employment of the rooks really intend to do?A. To make money through the rooks.B. To pick up roses for a princess.C. To give p
37、erformances in the park.D. To get humans inspired.4. What is the main idea of the text?A. Rooks are employed to pick up rubbish in a France park.B. Puy du Fou historical theme park offers the falconry show.C. Waste pollution has become a world-wide problem.D. People arc called on to focus on the pro
38、tection of the birds.第二节 （共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Do you want to give your child the best start in life? Helping him to become a good, confident reader is one of the most valuable things you can do. These simple little things below take up your little time. _ L
39、et your kid catch you reading. Buy a mystery novel or a fashion magazine the next time youre at the grocery store. Maybe you guess it. _Ask your child about what hes reading at school and at home. _. So care about your child and get your child to talk about what his class is reading. If time is shor
40、t, you can even do this on the drive home from school or while youre getting dinner ready.There are words all around. Point them out!_. Theyre also on menus and the backs of boxes. Point them out to your child. Ask him if he can read a word youve both just seen, and if he doesnt know what it means,
41、make a point of looking it up in a dictionary when you get home._ This trick works for kids of almost any age. For the youngest kids, hearing a bedtime story makes them realize that books have words, and those words tell them many things. Older children can sit next to you and read along. Kids who a
42、re reading on their own might even want to read a story to you.A.Turn bedtime into story time.B.But they can help develop your child into a good reader and writer.C.Move your child into reading independently.D.Words are on subway signs and the sides of buses.E.That just lets your kid see you reading
43、 and enjoying it.F.Most kids love to talk when their parents are paying much attention.G.However, they can make a big difference if your child is struggling to learn to read.第二部分 语言运用（共两节,满分30分）第一节 （共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）The Power of Kindness Leo Kellner loves helping people in the sweetest way possible
44、一by baking them cakes and pies. The old man from Hastings, Nebraska, 1 his wife in 2012. They had been together for 72 years. Since his wife passed away, Kellner took up 2 as a way to give back to the community. I didnt know what to do with myself, Kellner said. I was 3 all the time, and I thought I
45、d better do something that could make me get out of the 4 and be good to the community as well, and thats how it started. That first year, Kellner made 144 pies for people in need. He contacted community organizations to let them know hed like to connect with families having a 5 time. Kellner then s
46、tarted reaching out to those families, getting to know them, and baking some lovely cakes and pies during their time of need. What he did made him widely known around the communities. And whenever people met him, they showed their 6 to him. I regard everybody as a 7 一I love everybody even people tha
47、t gave me an unpleasant time when things were going hard for me, Kellner said. Born in 1918, Kellner lived through the Great Depression, when his family lost their farm. Kellner had to move from state to state as a teenager looking for possible 8 on farms to make a living. I knew what it was to be 9
48、 , and a lot of times we just had vegetables and flour mixed up together, he said. So as long as I can do it, I will lend a helping hand. And Kellners made quite an influence. Ive got friends from all over, he said. Ive got thank-you cards from Alaska. Through his baking, Kellner has helped the 10 a lot. 11 is powerful. Children begin to learn to cook so they
