1、 volunteer n. 志愿者；义务工作者；自告奋勇者志愿者；义务工作者；自告奋勇者 As one of the volunteers, I have taught English in a remote mountain village for three years. 作为志愿者之一，我在一个偏远的山村教了三年英语。 vi.&vt. 自愿做；义务做；无偿做自愿做；义务做；无偿做 Several staff members volunteered for early retirement. 几位职员自愿提前退休。 Jone volunteered to organise a New Ye
2、ars party. 约翰自愿组织一个新年晚会。 voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的自愿的；志愿的 voluntarily adv. 自愿地；主动地自愿地；主动地语块积累语块积累(1) work/act as a volunteer 做志愿者 a volunteer to clean up the park 自愿来打扫公园的人(2) volunteer for 自愿为.服务；自愿做 volunteer as 自愿充当 volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事(3) a voluntary agreement 自愿协议单句语法填空单句语法填空(1) Susan had qu
3、it her well-paid job and was working as _ volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.当我去年拜访苏珊的时候，她辞掉了高薪的工作，在附近做志愿者。(2) We need three _ to teach at the school in this mountain village.我们需要三名志愿者到这个山村的学校教书。(3) After dinner, Mary volunteered _(clean) the table.晚饭后，玛丽主动收拾桌子。avolunteersto
4、cleandebate n. 辩论；争论辩论；争论We had a heated debate on this matter.我们就这个问题进行了激烈的辩论。The bill is under debate and hasnt been passed yet.这项法案正在讨论中，还没有通过。 vi.&vt. 辩论；争论；讨论辩论；争论；讨论We are debating how to design our new house.我们正在讨论如何设计我们的新房子。debater n. 辩论者；辩手辩论者；辩手语块积累语块积累(1) a heated/lively debate 激烈的/热烈的争/辩
5、论 a debate on/about/over 关于.的争/辩论(2) under debate 在争/辩论中 beyond debate 无可争辩(3) debate sth. with sb. 和某人争辩某事 debate with sb. on sth. 和某人争辩某事 debate on/about sth. 讨论某事(1) It is a fact _ that employment pressure of graduate is heavy.毕业生就业压力大是不争的事实。(2) Read a book, visit a museum, listen to your favorit
6、e music or _ a friend.读一本书，参观一座博物馆，听你最喜欢的音乐或者与朋友辩论辩论。(3) She _ herself for a while, and then picked up the phone.她仔细琢磨了一会儿，然后拿起了电话。beyond debatedebate withdebated with 词语辨析：词语辨析：debate 与与 argue debate 是辩论、争论; argue 也是辩论、争论，但目 的在于说服。Its hard to ague him into changing his mind.要说服他改变主意是很难的。They are de
7、bating why the ship sank.他们在争论船为什么沉了。How to select top students is under debate.如何选拔优等生还在争论中。prefer vt.较喜欢较喜欢I prefer my coffee black.我喜欢不加奶的咖啡。prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事They prefer to do some projects together.他们更喜欢一起做一些项目。preference n. 偏好，偏爱偏好，偏爱I cant say that I have any particular preference. 我说不出
8、自己有什么特别偏好。prefer to do sth/prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事（这里的to是不定式）prefer .to. 喜欢.胜过喜欢 （这里的to是介词）prefer doing.to doing.宁愿做.也不愿意做.prefer to do.rather than do. 宁愿做.而不愿意做.prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事=prefer that sb. (should) do sth. （prefer后接的宾语从句常用虚拟语气） I prefer to walk/walking alone after a days work. (p
9、refer to do sth/prefer doing sth.)工作一天之后，我更喜欢独自散散步。I prefer the blue ball to the black ball. (prefer .to.)我跟喜欢蓝色球而不喜欢黑色球.I prefer listening to music to watching TV. (prefer doing sth. )与看电视相比，我更喜欢听音乐。The little girl preferred to go to the cinema rather than stay at home alone.(prefer to do.rather th
10、an do.)这个小女孩更喜欢去看电影而不愿独自待在家里。I prefer you to keep silence. (prefer sb. to do sth.)我希望你保持安静常见的以字母r结尾，变形时双写r的动词：prefer-preferred-preferred-preferring 宁愿refer-referred-referred-referring 参考occur-occurred-occurred-occurring 发生(1) You prefer healthy food _fast food.(2) The boss prefers _(reduce) the sale
11、s rather than cut the costs.(3) They prefer that a training company _(organise) the course.(4) Most people prefer _(ride) to work to _(drive) as the free-bicycle service is offered.(5) Rather than _(ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers_(ride) a bicycle.(6) I prefer him not _(suffer) from such g
12、reat pressure.toto reduce(should) organiseridingdrivingride to ride to suffercontent n. 内容；目录内容；目录The book is rich in content.这本书内容丰富。The content page looks nice.目录页看起来不错。adj. 满意的，满足的满意的，满足的He seems more content, less bitter.他看起来比较满意，不那么愤愤不平。I am very content with my life at present.我对我目前的生活感到非常满足。v
13、t. 使满意，使满足使满意，使满足Simple praise is enough to content him.简单的表扬就足以使他满意。Martina contented herself with a bowl of soup.马丁娜喝了一碗汤就心满意足了。(1) the contents of the letter 信的内容 in content and form 在内容和形式上(2) a content expression 满足的表情 feel/be content with (=be satisfied with) 对.感到满意 be content to do sth. (=be
14、willing/pleased to do sth.) 愿意做某事(1) Are you content _ your present achievements?你对你现在的成就满意吗？(2) She is content _(lead) such a peaceful life.她满足于过这样平静的生活。(3) He contented _(he) with a small achievement.他以小小的成就满足自己。(4) Andy is content _the toy. It is the best he has ever got.安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的礼物。wi
15、thto leadhimselfwithsuitable adj. 合适的；适用的合适的；适用的He is a suitable candidate.他是个合适的人选。This is really a suitable place for a picnic.这真是个适合野餐的地方。be suitable for 对对.适合的适合的This programme is not suitable for children.这个节目儿童不宜。be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事适合做某事I dont have anything suitable to wear for the pa
16、rty.我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。(1) His goal is to make a film that is suitable _ children.他的目标是制作一部适合儿童观看的电影。(2) Youre covered with sweat.It is not suitable _(bathe) right away.你浑身都是汗。不适合马上洗澡。forto bathesuit n. 西装；一套衣服西装；一套衣服He changed his overalls for a suit.他脱下了他的工作服，换上了一套西服。vt. （服装、颜色等）适合；对（某人）方便；中（服装、颜色等）适合；
17、对（某人）方便；中.的意的意Blue suits you. You should wear it more often.你适合穿蓝色。你应该多穿蓝色衣服。She had the ability to suit her performances to the audience.她有能力使自己的表演迎合观众的口味。challenge n. 挑战；艰巨任务挑战；艰巨任务Companies must meet the challenge of new technology.公司必须迎接新技术的挑战。vt.怀疑；向怀疑；向.挑战挑战Up to now, our society has been chal
18、lenged with limited living space.到目前为止，我们的社会一直面临着生存空间有限的挑战。challenging adj.挑战性的；考验能力的挑战性的；考验能力的You offer us a challenging problem.你给我们出了个难题。challenger n. 挑战者挑战者(1) the challenge of (doing) sth. 关于(做).的挑战 meet the challenge of 迎接.的挑战 face a challenge 面临挑战(2) challenge sb. to (do) sth. 向某人挑战(做) 某事 cha
19、llenge the fact that.对.的事实提出异议(3) challenging work/questions/problems具有挑战性的工作/提问/问题 (1) He challenged me _ (play) another tennis game.他向我挑战，要我再打一场网球。(2) It is _challenge for graduates to find suitable work.对于毕业生来说，找到合适的工作是一个挑战。(3) Some graduates find it _(challenge) to find a suitable job after grad
20、uation.一些毕业生觉得毕业后找一份合适的工作很有挑战性。(4) If he takes on the work, he will have to meet the challenge of _(organise) a team all by himself.如果他接受这项工作，他将不得不面对独自组建一支团队的挑战。to palyachallengingorganisingconfusing adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的难以理解的；不清楚的The instructions on the box are very confusing.盒子上的使用说明很令人费解。confuse vt. 使糊
21、涂；使迷惑使糊涂；使迷惑What you said just now confused me.confused adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的糊涂的；迷惑的I am confusedsay all that again.我被搞糊涂了，把那件事从头到尾再说一遍吧。confusion n. 混淆；困惑混淆；困惑The name was changed to avoid confusion with another firm. 改名是为了避免和另一家公司混淆。(1) a confusing experience 让人莫名其妙的经历 the confusing family relationships 令人
22、费解的说明(2) be/become confused about 对.感到困惑 get confused 感到困惑(3) confuse.with/and. 把.和.混淆 confuse all our plans 把我们所有的计划打乱(4) in confusion 困惑的，不知所措地(1) The author takes novel reading as a way to get away from a _(confuse) world. 作者把阅读小说作为一种摆脱混乱世界的方式。(2) For example, there are huge amounts of reference
23、books which I am often _(confuse) to choose from.例如，有大量的参考书，我经常混淆选择。(3) I am confused _ your recent behaviour.我对你最近的行为感到困惑。(4) People often confuse me _ my twin sister.人们经常把我和我的孪生妹妹搞混。confusingconfusedaboutwithfluent adj.(尤指外语尤指外语) 流利的；熟练的流利的；熟练的She is fluent in Polish.她的波兰语很流利。fluently adv. 流利地；流畅地
24、流利地；流畅地He speaks Italian fluently.他说一口流利的意大利语。fluency n. 流利，流畅流利，流畅Fluency in French is required for this job.这个工作要求法语熟练自如。(1) be fluent in. （语言）熟练的，流利的 be fluent in English 讲英语流利(2) speak three languages fluently 流利地说三种语言 read the poem fluently 准确地读这首诗歌(3) fluency in English 流利的英语 (1) She was fluen
25、t _English, French and German.她能说流利的英语、法语和德语。(2) The young man has the advantage of speaking three languages _(fluent).这个年轻人有能流利地说三种语言的优势。(3) The team lacked _ (fluent) during the first half. 该队在上半场打得不够流畅。influentlyfluencygraduate vi.&vt. 毕业；获得学位毕业；获得学位She graduated from Harvard this year.她今年毕业于哈弗大学
26、。He needs three more credits to graduate.他需要再修3个学分才能毕业。graduate n. 毕业生，学士学位获得者毕业生，学士学位获得者My first job was as a graduate trainee /treni/ with a bank. 我的第一份工作是在一家银行做大学毕业实习生graduation n. 毕业毕业It was my first job after graduation.那是我毕业后的第一份工作。graduate vi.&vt. 毕业；获得学位毕业；获得学位graduate from+ 学校 毕业于.（学校）After
27、 graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.大学毕业后，我们终于有了一次骑自行车旅行的机会。graduate in+ 专业 毕业于.（专业） He graduated in physics from Cambridge University.他是剑桥大学物理学专业毕业的。graduate n. 毕业生；学士学位获得者毕业生；学士学位获得者a graduate in + 专业 一名.专业的毕业生a graduate of + 学校 一名.学校的毕业生a graduate in English 一名
28、英语专业的毕业生a graduate of Zhengzhou University 一名郑州大学的毕业生说明：graduate 是非延续性动词，不可与时间段连用。He has graduated from college for 3 years. ()He graduated from college 3 years ago. ()It is 3 years since he graduted from college. ()(1) My younger brother will graduate _ Chinese Literature_Peking University this yea
29、r.我弟弟今年将从北京大学中文系毕业。(2) They asked what his plans were after _ (graduate)他们问他毕业后有什么打算。(3) They are the _ (graduate) who graduated _Wuhan University and now are playing an important part in our company.他们是武汉大学的毕业生，现在在我们公司担任重要的角色。infromgraduatesfromgraduationrecommend vt. 建议；推荐；介绍建议；推荐；介绍Can you recomm
30、end a good hotel?你能推荐一家好的饭店吗？He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.他建议先看这本书，再去看这部电影。recommendation n. 推荐；介绍信推荐；介绍信The best way of finding a lawyer is through personal recommendation. 找律师的最好方法是通过个人推荐。常见用法：常见用法：recommend that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事 （recommend 意为“建议”， 后接宾语从句时，从句
31、谓语用“should + 动词原形”， should 可以省略）The judge recommended that he (should) serve 20 years in prison.法官建议判处他入狱服刑20年。recommend 后接动词不定式的复合结构，也可接动名词形式，即recommend sb. doing/to do sth. 。有类似用法的单词还有allow, advise, permit等。recommend sb. doing/to do sth. 建议某人做某事My parents recommend me making/to make more friends.我
32、的父母建议我多交朋友。recommend doing sth. = suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 We strongly recommend reporting the incident to the police.我们强烈建议将这起事件报告给警察。 recommend sb. sth. 给某人推荐/介绍某物(recommend 后接双宾语) recommend sb./sth. to sb. 向某人推荐/介绍某人/某物 be highly/strongly recommended 强烈推荐一句多译一句多译医生建议我经常锻炼。The doctor recommended m
33、e to take regular exercise.The doctor recommended that I (should) take regular exercise.表示建议、命令和要求等的动词后接宾语从句时。从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气、无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语都用： “should+do”。 should 可以省略。这类动词是：(1) 表示“建议、提议、劝告”的: suggest, propose, recommend, advise, vote, urge.(2) 表示 “命令、决定” 的: command,order, decide.(3) 表示 “要求” 的: a
34、sk, desire, request, demand, require, beg.(4) 表示 “坚持、宁愿” 的: insist(1) 表示“建议、提议、劝告”的 She suggested that I (should) be responsible for the arrangements.她建议我来负责进行安排。 They recommend that this tax (should) be abolished.他们建议取消这种税。 He proposed that Mr. Wang (should) be the chairman.他提议王先生担任主席。(2) 表示 “命令、决定
35、” 的 He ordered that it (should) be sent back.他命令把它送回去。 He commanded that we (should) attack at once.他命令我们立刻发起进攻。(3) 表示表示 “要求要求” 的的 I ask that he leave.我要求他走开。 They require that I go at once.他们要求我立刻走。I demand that John go there at once.(4) 表示表示 “坚持、宁愿坚持、宁愿” 的的I insisted that he stay.我坚持要他留下。(1) The a
36、uthors purpose in writing this passage is to recommend people _ (develop) more abilities.作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐人们发展更多的能力。(2) Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai, both are highly _ (recommend).长江和泰山的两个旅行路线，都是强烈推荐的。(3) Mary is annoying. I recommend _ (leave) her alone.玛丽很烦人。我建议离她远点。(4) I recomm
37、ended the girl _ the shopkeeper as a shop assistant.我向店主推荐那个女孩做店员。to develope/ developingrecommendedleavingtoadvanced adj. 高级的；高等的；先进的高级的；高等的；先进的This science and technology-based theme park uses the most advanced technology.这个以科技为基础的主题公园使用了最先进的技术。advance n. 前进；发展前进；发展These advances in medical scienc
38、e will help man to enjoy a longer life.这些医学上的进步将有助于人类延长寿命。 vi. 前进；发展前进；发展Without vision, you will advance, but you will not find where you want to go, and your motivation will decrease.没有远见，你会前进，但找不到自己想去的地方，你的动力就会减少。 vt. 发展；促进发展；促进They use the Internet as a tool to advance their research.他们利用互联网作为推进
39、研究的工具。语块积累 (1) advanced technology 先进的技术 advanced math 高等数学 advanced industial societies 先进的工业社会 an advanced student of English 高阶英语学生(2) in advance 预先，提前 in advance of (时间上) 在.前；(发展上) 超前(1) The course intended for _ (advance) learners.这个课程是为高级学习者开设的。(2) We are working hard _ (advance) the cause of
40、world peace.我们正在努力推进世界和平事业。(3) We had to pay the rent two weeks _ advance.我们不得不提前两周支付房租(4) Germany is an _ (advance) industrial nation in the world.德国是世界上先进的工业国。advancedto advanceadvancedinquit vi.&vt. (quit, quit) 停止；戒掉；停止；戒掉； 离开（工作职位、学校离开（工作职位、学校等）等）Just quit it! 你就罢手吧！He has decided to quit as ma
41、nager of the team.他已决定辞掉球队经理的职务。Ive quit smoking.我戒了烟。语块积累：quit school/office 辍学quit ones job 辞职quit the habit of smoking 戒除吸烟的习惯quit doing sth. 停止做某事quit drinking/smoking 戒酒/戒烟(1) My uncle hasnt been able to quit _ (smoke), but at least he has cut down.我叔叔没能把烟戒掉，但至少他少抽了。(2) A neighbour came to ask
42、the band to quit _ (make) noises when they practised at 11:00 p.m. 一个邻居来要求乐队在晚上11点练习时不要制造噪音。(3) Cathy _ (quit) her job before her son was born so that she could stay home.凯西在儿子出生前就辞职了，这样她就可以呆在家里。smokingmakinghad quitresponsible adj. 负责的；有责任的负责的；有责任的We should be responsible for the next generation.我们
43、应该对下一代负责。Its time you started acting like a responsible adult.responsiblity n. 责任，职责，义务责任，职责，义务I dont feel ready to take on new responsibilities.我觉得还没准备好承担新的责任。语块积累(1) be responsible for children 对孩子负责 be responsible for the safety of the passengers 对乘客的安全负责 be responsible for the water pollution 对水
44、污染负有责任 a responsible adult 一个有责任心的成年人(2) a sense of responsibility 责任感 have/take responsibility for 对某事负责特别注意：responsible 作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同：作前置定语时，表示“有责任心的”；做后置定语时，表示“负有责任的”。He is a responsible young man.他是个有责任心的年轻人。Police are determined to catch the man responsible.警方下决心捉拿肇事者。(1) As a guide, she shou
45、ld be responsible _ her tourists.作为一名导游，她应该对游客负责。(2) The poor health is responsible _ his quitting the job.身体不好是他辞职的原因。(3) Since no one else has volunteered, Lucy will be responsible for _ (supply) food for the trip.由于没有其他人自愿参加，露西将负责这次旅行的食物供应。(4) Its my _ (responsible) to lock the doors.锁门是我的责任(5) T
46、he teacher feels a strong sense of _ (responsible) towards her students.老师对学生有强烈的责任感。forresponsibilitysupplyingforresponsibilitysolution n. 解决办法；答案；解答解决办法；答案；解答After running through the numbers in every possible combination, we finally find the solution.将这些数字进行了各种可能的排列组合后，我们终于找到了答案。Do you have any b
47、etter solution?你有更好的解决办法吗？ solution to. (to 为介词为介词) .的解决办法的解决办法/答案答案Here is the perfect solution to all your problems.这是解决你所有问题的完美方案。The solution to last weeks quiz is on page 81.上星期的测验的答案在第81页。solve v. 解决解决 She tried her best to solve the problem. 她尽了最大的努力解决这个问题。(1) The school advisers help you tal
48、k through your problems, but they dont give you any direct _(solve).学校顾问帮助你解决问题，但他们不会给你任何直接的解决方案(2) As usual, he found a practical _ (solve) to the difficult problem.像往常一样，他找到了解决这个难题的切实可行的办法。(3) They are arguing with their classmates about the solution _ the problem. 他们正在和同学们争论这个问题的解决办法。(4) Its too
49、hard for me to _ this problem.这个问题对我来说很难解决。solutionssolutiontosolveschedule n. 日程安排；工作计划；时间表；（公共汽车、火车等的）日程安排；工作计划；时间表；（公共汽车、火车等的）时刻表时刻表My schedule is very tight now, but Ill try to fit you in.我现在的时间排的很紧，但我会设法抽时间见你的。The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule.新桥提前两年落成。vt. 安排；预定；为安排；预
50、定；为.安排时间；把安排时间；把.安排在安排在The meeting is scheduled for Friday afternoon.会议安排在星期五下午。As scheduled, we participated in several instructive activities.依照安排，我们参加了几项具有教育意义的活动。be scheduled to do sth. 预定/安排做某事be scheduled for + 时间 安排在.Doors are scheduled to open at 2 p.m.安排下午两点钟开门。The meeting has been schedule
