1、专题二 介词和动词短语高考英语（课标专用）高考英语（课标专用）网络清单网络清单考点一 介词考点考点清单清单一、方位介词一、方位介词1.方位介词的基本用法方位介词的基本用法2.易混方位介词的用法易混方位介词的用法(1)at,in二者均表示地点,“在处”。at用于指较小的地方,如在门牌号码前;in用于指较大的地方。Well meet each other at my home.我们将在我家见面。Mr. White lived in Hong Kong for 20 years.怀特先生在香港生活了20年。题组训练题组训练用介词in,to,off填空Japan is/lies to the east
2、 of China.Beijing lies in the north of China.The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.题组训练题组训练用介词between,among填空Some students often listen to music between classes to refresh them-selves.Four Chinese models were among the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday
3、at the World Supermodel Competition.题组训练题组训练用介词on/in填空Birds are singing in the tree.题组训练题组训练用介词over,above填空Shes been here for over two hours.A great person is always putting others interests above his own.He is above average intelligence.题组训练题组训练用for,towards或to填空The door opens to/toward(s) the mount
4、ain.He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.What time do you start for school in the morning?二、时间介词二、时间介词1.in,on,at题组训练题组训练汉译英在星期天上午 on Sunday morning(s) 在三月初 at the beginning of March 在儿童节 on Childrens Day 在19世纪20年代 in the 1820s/1820s 2.in,afterin表时间,常表示“在之内”,有时in还有“在之后”的意思,但表示此意时,必须具备两个条件:所在句子的谓语动词必须表将
5、来;后面必须是一段时间。这两个条件缺一不可,否则用after或later。My father will be back in three days.我父亲将在3天以后回来。My father will be back after three oclock.我父亲将在3点后回来。My father came back after three days/three days later.我父亲是3天后回来的。题组训练题组训练用in,after,later填空It will be finished in an hour.He returned after a few days.They finish
6、ed their lessons at four and a little while later they went out to take a walk.题组训练题组训练用for,from,since填空 From then on she knew she would win.I lost my money and I have been worried since then.The meeting lasted for three hours yesterday.题组训练题组训练用during,over,through填空Lets discuss it over lunch. Over/
7、During the past 10 years,great changes have taken place in this area.Cold-blooded animals hibernate through the winter.题组训练题组训练用before,by,until填空Well have finished the work by ten oclock tomorrow.I usually take a bath before having my breakfast.Up until last year,they didnt even own a car.三、表工具、手段、方
8、式的介词三、表工具、手段、方式的介词1.表示旅行方式的表示旅行方式的by,in,on题组训练题组训练同义句转换He went to Beijing by car.He went to Beijing in his/a car .I prefer to travel by ship.I prefer to travel by water/sea .2.表示表示“用用”的介词的介词题组训练用by,over,in,on填空This form is to be filled in in ink.This toy is not machine-made.It is made by hand.In the
9、 morning I usually listen to the news over/on the radio.四、表示支持、反对的介词四、表示支持、反对的介词题组训练题组训练介词填空An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the com-mittee members areagainst it.Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his backagainst a big tree.介词词义例句against反对,倚靠,逆着,相反,在的衬托下,与比赛She was forced to m
10、arry against her will.她被迫违心地嫁了人。Thats against the law.那是违法的。The skiers red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目。for支持,赞成,与in favor of同义Are you for or against the new road scheme?你对修建新道路的计划是赞成还是反对?五、表示五、表示“比较比较”的介词的介词介词用法例句than形容词、副词比较级+thanHe runs faster than his brother.他比
11、他弟弟跑得快。tobe superior to优于 be inferior to劣于be senior to年长于 be junior to年幼于be prior to较先于Bobs strength is superior to mine.鲍勃的力气比我的大。Your father is senior to hers.你的父亲比她的父亲年纪大。六、易混介词六、易混介词1.as,like题组训练题组训练用as,like填空My notebook is the same as yours.He got/found a job as a journalist.介词用法例句as介词,作为Treat
12、me as a friend.要把我当作朋友。连词,像,虽然,后面加句子Adultashe is, his mother always treats him as a child.虽然他已是成年人,但他妈妈总是像对待孩子那样对待他。构成the same as, as.as., such.as.句型I have the same book as you(have). 我和你有同样的书。like介词,像,后面加名词、代词等He looks like his father.他长得像他父亲。The big stone looks like a monkey.2.about,on,ofabout 指泛泛
13、地或非正式地谈论某事,其谈论的内容也较为普通;而 on 则指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事,其论述的内容较正式或较严肃。在与tell,read,know,think等动词连用时,of侧重于粗略涉及,而about涉及的情况则详细得多。He wrote on mathematics.他撰写数学著作。He wrote about the school.他编写有关这所学校的情况。It is a book on birds.那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作)It is a book about birds.那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)I know of hi
14、m.我对他有所了解。(只是大致了解)题组训练题组训练用about,on或of填空He usually tells me some stories about Lei Feng.Tell me about him.They talked about/of you at the meeting yesterday.He is reading a book on the history of China.题组训练题组训练用for或of填空It is very considerate of you to remind me.It is necessary for the students to kno
15、w some learning methods.It is possible for him to come here soon.题组训练题组训练用on或in填空The patients life is in danger.The guard is on watch now.The house is on fire.5.besides,except,but,otherthan的区别的区别(1)用于否定句时,besides,except与but可相互替换。No other students passed the difficult maths exam except/besides/butLin
16、 Tao and Wu Dong.除林涛、吴东外没有别的学生通过那么难的数学考试。(2)用于肯定句时的区别1)except意为:not including除之外(不再有)。We all passed the exam exceptTom.除汤姆没及格外,我们都及格了。(汤姆没及格)注意:当except用于句首时,后面往往要加上for。Exceptforthis,everything is in good order.=Everything is in good order except this.除此之外,一切正常。2)besides意为:in addition to 除之外(还有)。We h
17、ave lots of things in common besides music.除了音乐,我们还有很多共同点。注意:besides在句中的位置较灵活,可放在句首,亦可放在句中;而except 多放在句中。此外,except前几乎总有all,any,every,no等。He answered all the questions except the last one.除最后一个问题没有回答外,其余所有问题他都回答了。I have a few friends besidesyou.除了你之外,我还有几个朋友。(3)except和but/other than都可接名词、代词、动名词,可以互换;
18、但ex-cept后接副词、介词短语、when从句等时,but/other than不可替换ex-cept。He has always been in high spirits except recently.除近来外,他总是精神饱满。(副词)The window is never opened exceptinsummer.除夏季外,这扇窗户从不打开。(介词短语)He has always been busy exceptwhenitisSunday.除星期日外,他总是很忙。(when从句)(4)except后可接that从句作宾语,此时except为连词。I asked nothing fr
19、om him exceptthathe should write to me every other week.我对他并无其他要求,只要他每隔一周给我写一封信。(5)以上讲了besides作介词时的用法。另外,besides还可用作副词,意为“in addition;also;moreover;furthermore(而且,还有)”。I dont want to go;besides,I am too tired.我不想去。再说,我也太累了。题组训练题组训练用except或besides填空I know nothing about the young lady except that she
20、is from Beijing.I dont mind picking up your things from the store. Besides ,the walk does me good.题组训练题组训练用介词填空The home improvement has taken what little there is of my spare time.John is the tallest of the students in his class.题组训练题组训练用介词填空These math problems are too difficult for me.The house is
21、big enough for us two.The text is very easy to/for me.七、其他常考介词七、其他常考介词1.with的用法的用法题组训练题组训练用介词填空 With production up by 60% the company has had another excellent year.It was a pity that the great writer died with his work unfinished.题组训练题组训练翻译下列句子Can you finish the work by five oclock? 你能在5点钟以前完成这项工作吗
22、? The bullet missed him by two inches. 那颗子弹差两英寸就打中他了。 We sell ice creams by the thousand in summer. 我们在夏天出售的冰激凌数以千计。 题组训练题组训练翻译下列句子It was a case beyond the doctors skill.那位医生治不了这种病。 These students come from beyond the seas.这些学生来自海外。 4.1)It is ofgreatvalue.=It is very valuable.这非常有价值。2)The camel is o
23、fgreathelpto the Arabs.=The camel is very helpful to the Arabs.骆驼对阿拉伯人来说很有帮助。of( great / much)(very )ofnonot抽象名词形容词抽象名词形容词3)It is ofnouse.=It is not useful.=It is useless.它没用。4)This matter is ofmuchimportance.=This matter is very important. 这件事非常重要。题组训练题组训练同义句转换The meeting is very important.=The mee
24、ting isof great/much impor-tance .题组训练题组训练用适当的介词填空In order to change attitudestoemploying women,the government is bringing in new laws.I sent them my sincere congratulationsontheir marriage.To my anger,all of them went to the cinema without me.6.记忆以下句子记忆以下句子The shirts are different in color.这些衬衫颜色不同
25、。The shirt looks beautiful on you.=You look beautiful in the shirt.这件衬衫穿在你身上很漂亮/你穿上这件衬衫很漂亮。Your account is farfrombeing true/is farfrom/nowherenear/notanywhere near the truth.你所说的远非事实。Papering the ceiling proved nextto(=almost)impossible without a ladder.要裱糊天花板没有梯子可以说是办不到的。Nexttosoccer, I like playi
26、ng tennis best.我最喜欢踢足球,其次是打网球。八、常考介词短语八、常考介词短语1.介词与名词的常用搭配介词与名词的常用搭配(1)at+n.表示状态at a loss不知所措at breakfast早餐时at peace处于和平中at rest静止,不动at sea在海上at war在战争中at work在工作(2)at+n.表示时间at Christmas在圣诞节at dusk在黄昏at dawn在黎明at daybreak在拂晓at midnight在午夜at night在夜里at noon在正午at present目前at sunrise日出时(3)以at开头的短语at th
27、e same time同时at the beginning of在的开始at the cost of以为代价at the end of在的尽头at the foot of在脚下at the mercy of在支配下;任由摆布at the price of以的价格at the risk of冒的危险at the sight of一看到就(4)on+n.表示状态on a trip/journey/tour在旅行on display陈列on duty/guard在值班/警戒中on exhibition在展出on fire着火 on holiday/vacation在度假on line在工作(或运行)
28、on sale出售,打折on show在展出on the decrease在减少on the go在忙碌中on the increase在增加on the march在行进中on the way在途中on trial在受审(5)以on开头的介词短语on account of因为on behalf of代表on condition that在的条件下,如果on no account/condition/occasion决不on the basis of以为基础on the occasion of在时(6)by+n.表示方式by accident偶然by air/plane乘飞机by chance
29、偶然by coincidence碰巧by force用暴力by hand用手工by mistake错误地by the day按天算by nature天生地by radio通过无线电by weight/volume/size/number按重量/体积/大小/数量(7)in+n.表示方式in cash用现金付款in width在宽度上in depth在深度上in detail详细地in English用英语in height在海拔上in length在长度上in ink用墨水in shape在外形上in size在大小上(8)in+n.表示状态in anger生气地in battle在战斗中in
30、bed在床上in comfort舒适地in danger处于危险中in debt负债in delight高兴地in despair绝望地in difficulty处于困难中in doubt不确定,拿不准in fear在恐惧中in high spirits情绪高昂地in need在困境中in order就绪in peace平静地,平安地in practice在实践中in print已出版in prison在狱中in public公开地in rags穿着破烂in ruins成为废墟in secret秘密地in silence沉默着in space在太空中in surprise惊奇地in troub
31、le在困难中in use在使用中in view看得见in wonder惊奇地(9)以in开头的介词短语in the face of面对 in addition to除以外(还)in case of万一;如果;假如in celebration of为庆祝in charge of掌管in consequence of由于in contrast to与相比in control of管理;控制;操纵in exchange for作为对的交换in favor of支持,赞成in fear of害怕in front of在前面(外部的)in honour of为向表示敬意in memory of为了纪念i
32、n need of需要in no time立刻in place of代替in possession of拥有,占有in praise of表扬in preparation for为做准备in respect of关于in response to作为对的回应in return作为回报in spite of尽管in support of为支持in the charge of在的管理下in the direction of在方向in the front of在前面(内部的)in the habit of有习惯in the hope of抱着的希望in the middle of在中间(10)of+n
33、.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit有益处的of help有帮助的of importance重要的of interest有趣的of significance有意义的of use有用的of value有价值的(11)out of+n.表示状态out of balance失去平衡out of breath上气不接下气out of business停业,歇业out of control不受控制out of danger脱离危险out of date过期out of debt不欠债out of fashion不流行out of luck不走运out of mind发狂out of off
34、ice在野out of order出故障out of patience不耐烦out of season过季out of shape走样,不成形out of sight看不到out of the question不可能out of question毫无疑问out of trouble摆脱困难out of work失业(12)under+n.表示被动under attack遭到袭击under consideration在考虑中under construction在建造中under control处于控制之中under discussion在讨论中under pressure在压力下under re
35、pair在修理中under treatment在治疗中under way在进行中(13)以under开头的短语under the care of.接受的治疗under the direction of.在的指导下under the influence of.在的影响下under the protection of.在的庇护下(14)with+n.表示方式with anger生气地with confidence有信心地with courage英勇地with delight/joy高兴地with difficulty困难地with ease轻而易举地with fear害怕地with interes
36、t有兴趣地with pleasure乐意地with pride骄傲地with satisfaction满意地with success成功地with kindness亲切地(15)beyond+n.表示“超出,难以”beyond compare无与伦比beyond comprehension难以理解beyond control失控beyond description难以描述beyond doubt不用怀疑,确实beyond expression难以表达beyond measure非常;极其beyond question无可争辩;毋庸置疑beyond reach够不到beyond words难以表
37、达beyond ones wildest dreams做梦都没想到,远远出乎所料2.形容词与介词的常用搭配形容词与介词的常用搭配(1)adj.+aboutbe anxious about忧虑be careful about小心be concerned about担心be curious about对好奇be excited about对感到兴奋be particular about对讲究/挑剔be serious about对认真be sorry about对感到抱歉be sure about对有把握be upset about对感到失望be worried about对担心(2)adj.+a
38、tbe angry at对感到恼怒be astonished at对吃惊be bad at不擅长be delighted at因而高兴be disappointed at对失望be good at擅长be skilled at在方面很熟练be surprised at对吃惊(3)adj.+inbe absorbed in专注于be confident in对有信心be diligent in勤于be engaged in忙于be excellent in在方面优秀be experienced in在方面有经验be expert in擅长be interested in对感兴趣be involv
39、ed in包括在中,被卷入be lacking in缺乏be occupied in忙于be rich in富有be slow in迟迟不be successful in在成功be weak in不擅长(4)adj.+forbe anxious for急切盼望,渴望be eager for渴望be famous for以著名be fit for适合,胜任be good for对有益be hungry for渴望be late for迟到be prepared for为做好准备be ready for准备好be sorry for对感到抱歉be thankful for因而感激be unfit
40、for不适合,不胜任(5)adj.+frombe absent from缺席be different from不同于be far from远离be free from不受影响be safe from免受的伤害(6)adj.+tobe blind to对视而不见be close to接近be contrary to与相反be deaf to对充耳不闻be devoted to致力于be equal to等于be fair to对公平be familiar to 对来说熟悉be friendly to对友好be good to对好be grateful to对心存感激be harmful to对有
41、危害be important to对重要be kind to对友好be known to为所知be married to与结婚be necessary to对有必要be opposed to反对be opposite to与对立be polite to对有礼貌be rude to对无礼be similar to与相似be useful to对有用be/get used to习惯于(7)adj.+ofbe afraid of害怕be ashamed of为感到羞耻be aware of意识到be capable of能够be composed of由组成be fond of喜欢be full o
42、f 充满be proud of因而自豪be short of短缺be sure/certain of坚信,确信be tired of厌烦be worthy of 值得(8)adj.+withbe angry with(sb.)对(某人)发怒be busy with忙于be combined with与结合be concerned with与有关;涉及,关心,关注be connected with与有关be content with对满意be covered with被覆盖be crowded with挤满be familiar with对熟悉be filled with充满be patient
43、 with对有耐心be pleased with对感到满意be popular with受的欢迎be satisfied with对满意be sick with患病3.其他常用短语其他常用短语according to根据along with随着together with连同to and from.往返于because of因为but for要不是next to在隔壁owing to因为up to直到by means of借助by way of经由,经过(某地);作为for fear of唯恐for the good of为了的利益for lack of因为缺乏for the purpose o
44、f为了for the sake of为了起见for life一生,终身He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.Hes very experienced in looking after animals.She is blind to her husbands faults.题组训练题组训练用适当的介词填空 Im at a loss what to do next.考点二 动词短语1.add的短语的短语短语意义例句add.to把加到上面If you add 5 to 5, youll get 10.5加5等于10。add to增添The
45、 balloons addedtothe festive atmosphere.气球增加了节日的气氛。add up把加起来Addupthe numbers, and you will get 1155.把这些数加起来,你会得到1155。add up to加起来总共His whole school education addeduptono more than one year.他所受过的学校教育加起来仅仅一年。题组训练题组训练用适当的介词或副词填空Do you want to add your name to the list?This show will no doubt add to hi
46、s growing reputation.Add up the grocery bills.题组训练题组训练用适当的介词或副词填空I dont agree with him on many things.I like mushrooms but unfortunately they dont agree with me.Your account of the affair does not agree with mine.Both parties agreed on the terms of the contract.题组训练题组训练用适当的介词或副词填空The Southerners wan
47、ted to break away from the Union.The thieves broke in and stole 10,000 worth of computer equip-ment.To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it down into parts.Our car broke down on the motorway.题组训练题组训练用适当的介词或副词填空We have brought in a good grain harvest for three years on end.The ce
48、ntral government is taking measures to bring down the prices of daily necessities.Science has brought about many changes in our lives.The meeting has been brought forward from 10 May to 3 May.题组训练题组训练用适当的介词或副词填空The trip to Italy might be called off .The film called up memories of my little brother.I
49、 often called in on him at the weekend.Some groups are calling for the release of political prisoners in that country.题组训练题组训练用适当的介词或副词填空He thanked the nurses who had cared about/for him.I care about/for him and hate to see him hurt like this. 题组训练题组训练用适当的介词或副词填空Mr. Johnson carried on his business u
50、ntil he retired.Seeing that he could not carry out my order, I will do it myself.题组训练题组训练用适当的介词或副词填空You go on ahead. Ill catch you up in a minute.The idea has been around for ages without catching on . I was caught in the traffic.She caught sight of a car in the distance. 其他短语:come true变成现实come on快点
