1、现在完成时专讲现在完成时专讲 现在完成时态的概念 现在完成时态的结构 现在完成时态的否定，疑问形式 现在完成时态的用法 现在完成时态与一般过去式的比较 现在完成时态练习目录目录冬天来了，春天还会远吗？If winter has already come, can spring be far behind?1.现在完成时的概念1）表示）表示过去发生过去发生或或已完成已完成的动作的动作对现在对现在造成的影造成的影响或结果；响或结果；2） 表示过去已经开始并表示过去已经开始并一直持续一直持续到现在的动作或到现在的动作或状态。状态。 E.g. He has learned English since
2、2001. AAA: put put put letlet let ABB: standstood stood ABA:becomebecamebecome ABC: eat ateeaten AAB: beat-beat-beaten (1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived (3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried
3、-cried (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 5.缩写形式缩写形式I have You have We have They haveHe has She has =Ive =Youve =Weve =Theyve=Hes =Shes 二、用法二、用法 1、表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果、表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 -Would you like some bread? -No, thanks. I have just had my
4、 breakfast. (对现在的影响：不饿对现在的影响：不饿) 常与副词常与副词 just（刚刚）（刚刚）, already, before, yet（一般（一般 疑问：已经；否定句：还疑问：已经；否定句：还), never, ever等连用。等连用。 I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just fin
5、ished my homework. He has not come yet. 常用于现在完成时的时间副词常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词介词:already (已经): 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter .yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet.just(刚刚) They have just left. ever(曾经) Have you ever been to Beijing ?never(从不) I have never seen him .before(以前) Have you se
6、en the film before?since(自从以来) Ive worked in the school since 1999.for(长达) Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的)recently(最近) I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止) So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目前为止)this morning/month/yea
7、r(今天早上/这个月/今年) 2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态， 也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常和也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常和 for（一段时间）（一段时间）, since（时间点）（时间点） 引导的时间状语引导的时间状语 连用。此外还可以与连用。此外还可以与 so far, in the last ten years, by now, these days等连用。等连用。 I have been here for about 5 years. He has worked here since 1989.
8、I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. Great changes have taken place in the last 10 years._three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long time_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _
9、 last monthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince 注意点一注意点一:since 的用法的用法1. +具体的过去时间具体的过去时间 since 2008 since since last Sunday +ago since two years ago +句子句子(过去时过去时)2. It is /has been +一段时间一段时间 + since 从从句句.(自从某事发生已有一段时间了自从某事发生已有一段时间了. )It is /has been two years since my brother joined the
10、 army. 注意点二：短暂性动词与现在完成时注意点二：短暂性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与表示时间段短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与表示时间段的短语连用。这些动词是：的短语连用。这些动词是： buy , borrow ,become, begin, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等等。为了表述相同的意思，为了表述相同的意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替短等来代替短暂性动词。如：暂性动词。如：我买这个手机有三年了。我买这个
11、手机有三年了。 I bought the cellphone 3 years ago.I have had the cellphone for 3 years .1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 2. Nick 参军3年了.3. 他离开深圳好长时间了。4. 这本书我已借了4个月了. His grandpa has died for 2 years. Nick has joined the army for 3 years. He has left Shenzhen for along time. I have borrowed the book for 4 months. 短暂性动词与延续性动词的
12、转换短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换come/go be (in) leave be away (from)borrow keep buy havedie be dead get to know know begin be on go out be offgo out be off arrive be here/there marry/get married -be married catch a cold - have a coldfall asleep/get to sleep be asleepjoin the Party be in the Party/be a member of实义动词
13、分为: 1) 瞬间动词 2)延续动词 瞬间动词瞬间动词joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy注意注意: 瞬间动词不能和瞬间动词不能和时间段时间段连用连用. method 2: It is + 时间段 since +一般过去时的句子.1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 2. Nick 参军3年了.3. 他离开深圳好长时间了。4. 这本书我已借了4个月了. It is since died. It is since Nick joined . It is since he left Shenzhen. It is since . 1.I
14、 have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( )2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( )A B CA B C 3. 这辆自行车我买了两年了。这辆自行车我买了两年了。 Ive _ the bike _ two years.4. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.5. The monkey died last month. The monkey _ _ _ for a month.注意点三：注意点三：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完
15、成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在，甚至现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在，甚至会继续下去，或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；会继续下去，或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于时属于现在现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。间状语连用。 如：如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等等 。牢记牢记: when 不与现在完成时连用。不与现在完成时连用。Put the following sen
16、tences into English.1. A: 火车已经开走了。火车已经开走了。 B: 什么时候开走的什么时候开走的? A: 半个小时之前开走的。半个小时之前开走的。2. A: 你看过这部电影吗你看过这部电影吗? B: 看过。看过。 A: 什么时候看的？什么时候看的？ B: 上周星期天看的。上周星期天看的。 A: The train has left. B: When did it leave？ A: It left half an hour ago.A: Have you seen the film?B: Yes, I have.A: When did you see it?B: I s
17、aw it last Sunday.试比较：试比较：注意点四：注意点四：have been to, have been in, have gone to 的区别的区别1、have (has) been in 表示表示“在某地（多长时间）在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：You have been in Zhongdu Middle School for 2 years. 你们来中都中学已经有两年了。你们来中都中学已经有两年了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他
18、们到加拿大有五年了。他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to表示表示“曾经去过某地曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可，现在已经不在那里了。可 与与just, ever, never等连用。例如：等连用。例如：Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。玛丽从未去过长城。have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to Longyan several times. 他们去过龙岩好几次了。他们去过龙岩好几次了。3、have
19、(has) gone to 意为意为“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。他到书店去了。1. My parents the Great Wall twice.2. - you ever Xiamen?3.How long Peter the park?4.My sister the shop. She will be back in two hours.5.She Shang
20、hai. She isnt here.6.She Shanghai for two years. 练一练：练一练：用用have been to,have been in, have gone to填空。填空。一、选择填空。一、选择填空。( )1. They the park yesterday. A. went to B. has been to C. has gone to.( )2 . you _ your lunch yet ? A. Have, had B. Did, have C. Do have( )3. The boy _ my bike for ten days. I want
21、 to get it back now. A. has borrowed B. has kept C. borrowed( )4. So far we _ about two thousand English words. A. have learnt B. learnt C. are learning.当堂巩固当堂巩固二、完成句子二、完成句子1、我买了一本书。我买这本书有一个星期了。、我买了一本书。我买这本书有一个星期了。 I _ _ a book. I _ _ the book for a week .2、你去过北京吗？、你去过北京吗？ _ you _ Beijing?3、Mr. Smit
22、h 离开了家乡五年了。离开了家乡五年了。 Mr. Smith _his home town for five years.4、John借了这本书一个月了。借了这本书一个月了。 John _ this book for a month.5、他的爷爷去世有十年了。、他的爷爷去世有十年了。 His grandfather _ since ten years ago.1、He has never succeeded, ? （改成反意疑问句）（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问对划线部分提问) have they been here? 3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）（动词填空） 4.This factory opened twenty years ago. (同义句转换同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。 2、 他昨天收到一封信。他昨天收到一封信。 3、 我父亲以前到过长城。我父亲以前到过长城。 4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。她还没有看过那部新电影。 5、 她去过上海。她去过上海。 6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？他这些天上哪儿去了？
