1、 Unit 5 The Power of Nature 大自然之力量大自然之力量 Words and Expressions1. diagram: n. 图表图表;图解图解;示意示意图图 dagrm chart: 图表图表;海图海图 graph: 图表图表;坐标图坐标图;曲线图曲线图 table tebl: 桌子桌子; 表表格格; 一览表一览表 timetable ：时时间表间表;时刻表时刻表; 课程表课程表 form: n. 表格表格; 形式形式 v.养成养成 ; 形形成成 schedule edjul / skedl: n. 时时刻表刻表;节目节目表表; 一一览览表表 v. 安排安排; 预
2、预定定2. volcano: n. 火山火山 (volcanos/volcanoes) vlken active/extinct/dead volcano: 活活/死火山死火山3. volcanic vlknk : 火山火山的的 volcanology vlknldi : 火山学火山学 volcanologist:火山学火山学家家 vlknldst4. erupt: v. 喷发喷发;爆发爆发;突然发生突然发生 rpt eruption: n. 喷发喷发;(战争等战争等)爆发爆发 rpn break out: (战争战争/火灾火灾/疾病疾病)爆发爆发1)The volcano may erupt
3、 at any time.2)There have been several volcanic eruptions so far this year. 5. ash6. cratercrater6. crater kret : n. 火山口火山口;弹弹坑坑 Ash began to erupt from the crater. 7. lava l:v : n. 熔岩熔岩;火山火山岩岩7. lavalava8. hurricane: n. 飓风飓风;风风暴暴 hrkn 飓风指大西洋和北太平洋东部地区强飓风指大西洋和北太平洋东部地区强大而深厚的热带气旋，其意义和台风类大而深厚的热带气旋，其意义和台
4、风类似，只是产生地点不同。似，只是产生地点不同。 typhoontafu:n：台台风风台台风是热带气旋的一个类别。指发生在风是热带气旋的一个类别。指发生在北太平洋西部北太平洋西部(赤道以北，国际日期线以赤道以北，国际日期线以西，东经西，东经100度以东度以东)的热带气旋。的热带气旋。 9. questionnaire: n. 问卷问卷;问卷调问卷调查查 kwestne millionaire mljne : 百万富百万富翁翁 billionaire bljne : 亿万富亿万富翁翁 surveys:ve：n.调调查查(表表)It took me six minutes to fill out/
5、in the questionnaire.10. alongside: adv. 在旁边在旁边;沿着边沿着边 lsad prep. 沿着沿着的边的边 ;在在旁边旁边 along/down/up: 沿着沿着1)He crossed the street and walked alongside/along/down/up the road.2)Rose caught up with me and walked alongside.3)There was a chemists shop alongside the theatre.4)Its a pleasure to work alongside
6、 such a beautiful girl.11. equipment: n./u. 设备设备;装装备备 kwpmnt equip: v. 装备装备;配配备备 be equipped with: 装备装备; 配备配备; 具具有有; 随身随身带带 a piece of equipment: 一件一件设备设备/装备装备 We have bought some medical/office equipment at the shop.12. appoint pnt : v. 任命任命;委委派派 appointment: n.任命任命;委派委派;约会约会;约定约定 disappoint: v. 使失
7、望使失望 point pnt：v. 指指; 指向指向; 瞄准瞄准 n. 点点; 小数点小数点; 分数分数; 要点要点; 观观点点; 地地点点; 目目的的; 时刻时刻 1)They will appoint a new headmaster at the school. 2)I appointed you (as/to be) mayor of Paris. 3)He was appointed as an engineer two years ago.13. observatoryRoyal Greenwich Observatory The Zijinshan Observatory in
8、Nanjing, China13. observatory: n. 观象台观象台;天文台天文台;气象台气象台 bz:vtri observe bzv: v. 观察观察; 注意到注意到; 监监视视; 遵守遵守; 庆祝庆祝 14. database/databank: n. 数据库数据库;资料库资料库 data: n. 数据数据; 资料资料1)The database is like a library.2)This data was collected from 70 countries.3)These data were collected from15. Mount Kilauea: 基拉韦
9、厄火山基拉韦厄火山 位于位于美国夏威夷岛东南部。海拔美国夏威夷岛东南部。海拔1222米。米。夏威夷岛位于太平洋构造板块中部的夏威夷岛位于太平洋构造板块中部的“活跃活跃区区”,由由5座火山组成，其中基拉韦厄火山是座火山组成，其中基拉韦厄火山是世界上最年世界上最年轻轻,也也是最活跃的一座火山。每天是最活跃的一座火山。每天几乎都有数十万立方米岩浆从岛上的火山口几乎都有数十万立方米岩浆从岛上的火山口内喷出。山顶有一个巨大的破火山内喷出。山顶有一个巨大的破火山口口,直直径径4027米，深米，深130余余米米,其其中包含许多火山口。中包含许多火山口。这里曾长期存在着一个世上最大的岩浆这里曾长期存在着一个世
10、上最大的岩浆湖湖,面面积广达积广达10万平方万平方米米,通红通红炽热炽热的的岩浆一般有十岩浆一般有十几米几米深深,在在湖中翻滚嘶湖中翻滚嘶鸣，仿鸣，仿佛一炉沸腾的钢佛一炉沸腾的钢水。水。16. evaluate: v. 评估评估;评价评价;估估计计 vljuet assess: v.评估评估;评价评价;估计估计 ses assessmentsesmnt:n. possess: v. 拥拥有有; 持有持有; 具有具有; 支支配配1)The market situation is difficult to evaluate.2)I cant evaluate/assess his ability
11、without seeing his work. The village (was) burnt to the ground in the fire. 17. burn to the ground = burn down : 全部焚毁全部焚毁;烧成平地烧成平地;把把烧成灰烬烧成灰烬 ( (主主/ /被动被动) ) 1)The office building (was) burned to the ground last night. 2)Their village (was) burned down during the war. 18. wave wev : n. 波浪波浪;波波涛涛 v.
12、波动波动;起伏起伏;挥手挥手 1)Huge waves are breaking on the riverbank. 2)Why did the girl wave at you? 3)The flags are waving in the wind.19. molten mltn : 熔化的熔化的;熔融熔融的的 melt melted(过去分词也可过去分词也可molten): v.熔化熔化; 软化软化20. fountainfountain20. fountain fantn : v. 喷出喷出;涌涌出出 n. 喷泉喷泉;源泉源泉 mountain mantn : 山山;山脉山脉 sprin
13、g: n. 泉泉; 春天春天;弹簧弹簧1)At the center of the park there is a fountain.2)The fountain plays only at weekend.3)Schools are a fountain of knowledge.4)The red hot lava was fountaining 300 meters into the air.21. absolute: adj. 绝对的绝对的;完全完全的的 bslu:t absolutely: adv. 绝对地绝对地;完全地完全地 completely: adv. 完完全地全地; 彻底地
14、彻底地 thoroughly rli : adv.完完全地全地; 彻底地彻底地 entirelyntali adv. 完完全地全地; 彻彻底底地地1)There is no absolute freedom in the world.2)Youre an absolute fool!3)I think youre absolutely wrong.4)We absolutely agree with you.5) -The news is worrying, isnt it? -Absolutely. 6) -Did they criticize you? -No, absolutely no
15、t.spacemanspacewomanspacewomanThey are American astronauts.22. spaceman: 宇航员宇航员;航天专家航天专家 spesmn astronaut strn:t : 宇航宇航员员23. suit su:t : n. 一套外衣一套外衣;套套装装 v. 适合适合;使适宜使适宜 suit: (衣服衣服)适合适合; (颜色颜色/款式款式/发型发型)适合适合; (时间时间/交通工具交通工具/气候等气候等)适合适合/方便方便; 对对某人某人/某物合适某物合适/有利有利 fit: (衣裤鞋等东西的大小衣裤鞋等东西的大小/形状形状) 适合适合;
16、(钥匙钥匙) 适合适合( 锁锁) match: (大大小小、色彩色彩、形形状等的状等的)搭搭配配 suite swi:t: n.套房套房; 一套家具一套家具 sweet swi:t: n. 糖果糖果 adj. 甜的甜的 sweat swet: n. 汗水汗水1)The suit is worth 30 million yuan.2)Red suits you. Youd better buy this jacket.3)Will Wednesday/the 10:00 train suit the passengers?4)The climate in the south suits us v
17、ery well.5)The coat suits/fits my brother.6)Do the shoes fit/suit your son?7)Your coat and trousers dont match.8)The curtain doesnt match the wall.9)Her shoes match her dress; they look very good together. 24. helmet helmthelmet 25. boot bu:tboot 26. make ones way (to): 前往前往 head for/to/toward: 向向前前
18、进进 make for: 向向前前进进; 有有助于助于;有利于有利于 1)We will make our way to the edge of the crater and look down into the red, boiling center. 2)After the meeting, they all headed for the restaurant. 27. potential: n. 潜在性潜在性;可能性可能性;潜能潜能 ptenl adj. 可能的可能的;潜在的潜在的 possibility: n. 可能可能 (of/that) chance: n. 可能性可能性; 机会机
19、会 (of/that)1)Mr. Hill thinks you have potential.2)There is a potential for another war in the South China Sea.3)The USA thinks that China is its potential enemy. 28. actual: adj. 实在的实在的;实际的实际的 ktul actually: adv. 实际上实际上 ktuli in reality/fact/practice/effect = as a matter of fact： 实际上实际上; 事实上事实上1)The
20、res no actual airport in that country.2)Actually, the man is modest. 29. geology dildi : 地质地质学学 geography digrfi : 地理地理 biology baldi : 生物生物学学30. Mount Etna etn : 埃特纳火埃特纳火山山 意大利西西里岛东岸活火山。为欧洲最意大利西西里岛东岸活火山。为欧洲最高活火高活火山山,海海拔拔3,200公尺以上。喷发物质覆公尺以上。喷发物质覆盖面积达盖面积达1,165平方公里。主要喷火口海拔平方公里。主要喷火口海拔3,323米米,直直径径500米米
21、,常常积雪。埃特纳火山已积雪。埃特纳火山已有有 500 多次爆发历多次爆发历史史,最最近一次是当地时间近一次是当地时间2012年年4月月12日。据统日。据统计计,自自埃特纳火山喷发埃特纳火山喷发以以来来,累累计造成的死亡人数已达计造成的死亡人数已达100万。万。 31. Sicily sisili : 西西里岛西西里岛(Italy) 32. sample: n. 样品样品;样样本本 s:mpl smpl example gz:mpl : 例子例子; 榜榜样样 set an example to sb. 为为.树立榜样树立榜样 set a good example to sb. 为为.树树立好榜
22、样立好榜样 The nurse took a sample of my blood for tests. 33. candidate: n. 候选人候选人;候补者候补者 knddet1)I consider that he is the best candidate for the headmaster of the school.2)The three candidates will make their last speeches before the election. 34. Mount Vesuvius: 维苏威火山维苏威火山(Italy) 34. Mount Vesuvius: 维
23、苏威火山维苏威火山(Italy) visu:vjs 意大利意大利西南部西南部那不勒斯湾东海岸那不勒斯湾东海岸的一的一座活火座活火山山,海海拔拔1,281米。它在公元米。它在公元79年年的一次猛烈喷的一次猛烈喷发发,摧摧毁了当时拥有毁了当时拥有2万多万多人的庞贝城。直到人的庞贝城。直到18世纪中世纪中叶叶,考考古学家古学家才将庞贝古城从数米厚的火山灰中发掘才将庞贝古城从数米厚的火山灰中发掘出出来来,古古老建筑和姿态各异的尸体都保存老建筑和姿态各异的尸体都保存完好。完好。最近一次喷发最近一次喷发：1944年年 。 35. threat ret : n. 恐吓恐吓;威威胁胁 threaten ret
24、n : v.恐吓恐吓;威威胁胁 threaten to do: 威胁做什么威胁做什么1)Some people think that the robot is a threat to their jobs.2)We think the USA is a threat to China.3)The man threatened to blow up the plane if his demands were not met. 36. bungalow bungalow 36. bungalow: n. 平房平房;小小屋屋 bgl cabin kbn : 小木屋小木屋; 船舱船舱 cottage
25、ktd : 小屋小屋; 村舍村舍 37. Pompeii: n. 庞贝庞贝(意大利古城意大利古城) pmpei 庞庞贝古贝古城城是是亚平宁半岛西南角坎帕尼亚地区一座古城，亚平宁半岛西南角坎帕尼亚地区一座古城，距罗马约距罗马约240千千米米,位位于意大利南部那不勒斯附于意大利南部那不勒斯附近近,维维苏威苏威火山东南脚下火山东南脚下10千米处。西距风光绮丽的那不勒斯湾约千米处。西距风光绮丽的那不勒斯湾约20千千米米,是是一座背山面海的避暑胜地一座背山面海的避暑胜地。被联合国教科文组被联合国教科文组织定为世界文化和自然遗织定为世界文化和自然遗产产。始始建于公元前建于公元前6世世纪纪,公公元元79年年
26、8月月24日这一天，维苏威火山突然爆日这一天，维苏威火山突然爆发发,厚厚约约5.6米火山米火山灰毫不留情地将庞贝从地球上抹掉了。但由于被火山灰掩灰毫不留情地将庞贝从地球上抹掉了。但由于被火山灰掩埋，街道房屋保存比较完整，从埋，街道房屋保存比较完整，从1748年起考古发掘持续年起考古发掘持续至至今今,为为了解古罗马社会生活和文化艺术提供了重要资料。了解古罗马社会生活和文化艺术提供了重要资料。截至截至2018年年7月月3日日中国有世界遗产中国有世界遗产53处处,其其中世界文化遗中世界文化遗产产36项、世界文化与自然双重遗产项、世界文化与自然双重遗产4项、世界自然遗产项、世界自然遗产13项项,在在世
27、界遗产名录国家排名位居第二世界遗产名录国家排名位居第二位位(53项项),意意大大利第一位（利第一位（54项）。项）。 38. tornado tornado tornado 38. tornado: n. 龙卷风龙卷风;旋风旋风 (-s/es) t:ned When a tornado touches the ground, it does a lot of damage.39. typhoon tafu:n : 台台风风 hurricane hrkn : 飓飓风风 台风台风: 最大风速最大风速12 13级级 强台风强台风(severe typhoon), 风速风速1415级级 超强台风超强台
28、风(super typhoon), 风速风速16级级The typhoon struck/hit many countries in Asia. 40. thunderstorm: n. 雷暴雷暴;雷雷雨雨 ndst:m snowstorm: 暴风雪暴风雪 storm: 风暴风暴A thunderstorm broke out in the country last night. 41. precious pres : 贵重的贵重的; ;珍贵珍贵的的 previous pri:vis : 先前先前的的 Luckily our precious photos were saved from th
29、e fire. 42. novelist nvlst : n. 小说小说家家 novel: 小说。新颖的小说。新颖的; 独特的。独特的。 Mark Twain was an American novelist . 43. fog: n. 雾雾 fg frog: 青蛙青蛙 The people are walking in the fog. 44. document: n. 文件文件;证件证件 dkjumnt diploma: 毕业证书毕业证书 dplmDo you want to see the document about Bo Xilai? 45. rainbowrainbow45. ra
30、inbow renb : n. 彩彩虹虹1)When the sun shines through a light rain, it makes a rainbow.2)We saw a beautiful rainbow across the sky.46.uncomfortable: 不舒服的不舒服的;不舒适的不舒适的 comfortable: 舒服的舒服的;舒适舒适的的 comfortkmft: n./v. 安慰安慰 The bed is very uncomfortable to sleep on.47. balconyA beautiful balcony.47. balcony b
31、lkni : n. 阳台阳台 passage psd：通道通道; 走廊走廊; 段落段落; 旅旅费费; 船船票票48. unconscious: 失去知觉的失去知觉的;未察觉未察觉的的 nkns 1)She is unconscious but her heart is still beating.2)He was unconscious of his mistake.49. shoot(shot): v. 射击射击;射中射中;射射伤伤 u:t t shoot at sb/sth: 向向射击射击/开火开火 shoot sb/sth: 射中射中;射死射死;射伤射伤 shoot down: 击落击落
32、 1)I shot at a sparrow but missed it. 2)Why did you shoot your classmates? That is a good shot.50. shot: n. 射击射击;枪炮枪炮声声 t1)That is a good shot.2)Having heard four shots, she entered the cave.51. tremble: v. 摇晃摇晃;摇动摇动;颤抖颤抖 trembl shake(shook, shaken) ek：v. 摇摇动动; 震动震动; 战战栗栗; 颤颤抖抖; 抖掉抖掉; 握手握手1)Mary is
33、trembling with anger.2)He felt the earth tremble under him.3)People will tremble when they are cold, excited or full of fear.52.sweat swet : n. 汗汗;汗汗水水 v. 出汗出汗 sweet swi:t : n. 糖糖果果 adj. 甜的甜的 No sweat. 不费力。没问题。不费力。没问题。 1)The players were covered in sweat after the football match. 2)The players were
34、sweating after 53. anxious: 忧虑的忧虑的;不安的不安的;渴望渴望的的 ks anxiety: n. 担心担心;忧虑忧虑;渴望渴望 zati be anxious/eager to do: 渴望做渴望做1)They are anxious about her son/safety.2)Everybody is anxious/eager to know what has happened in that country.3)We waited with great anxiety for more news about the plane crash. 54. pan
35、ic pnk : v./n. 惊慌惊慌;恐恐慌慌 (panicked, panicking) in panic: 在恐慌中在恐慌中 get into a panic: 陷入恐慌陷入恐慌1)There was a panic when the building caught fire.2)You must tell the people in ruins not to panic.3)The audience panicked at the sound of the explosion.4)The thunders panicked the animals.5)Dont panic! There
36、 is no danger.55. tsunami: n. 海啸海啸;地震海地震海啸啸 tsu:n:mi由风暴，海底地震，火山爆发，水下塌由风暴，海底地震，火山爆发，水下塌陷或滑坡造成的海面恶浪并伴随巨响的陷或滑坡造成的海面恶浪并伴随巨响的现象。是一种具有强大破坏力的海浪。现象。是一种具有强大破坏力的海浪。tsunamitsunamitsunamitsunami55. tsunami: n. 海啸海啸;地震海啸地震海啸 1)More than 200,000 people lost their lives in the 2004 tsunami. 2)When the tsunami stru
37、ck the islands, only five people were killed.56. glance/look through: 匆匆看一匆匆看一遍遍;浏览浏览 I glanced through the report yesterday afternoon.57. Manchu mntu: : n. 满族人满族人 adj. 满族的满族的满族旧称女真，后改名满族旧称女真，后改名满洲族满洲族。满族散居中。满族散居中国各地，以居住在辽宁的为最多，其他散居国各地，以居住在辽宁的为最多，其他散居在吉林、黑龙江、河北、内蒙古、新疆、甘在吉林、黑龙江、河北、内蒙古、新疆、甘肃、山东等省区和北京、
38、天津、成都、西安、肃、山东等省区和北京、天津、成都、西安、广州、银川等大、中城市。形成大分散之中广州、银川等大、中城市。形成大分散之中有小聚居的特点。有小聚居的特点。 2010年第六次全国人口普年第六次全国人口普查统计，满族查统计，满族人口数为人口数为1,041万。满族人现在万。满族人现在大都讲汉语大都讲汉语 ，用汉字。现在会讲满族语的不，用汉字。现在会讲满族语的不足百人。足百人。58. vary fromto: veri 由由到到不等不等/变化变化1)The fish vary in weight from 5kg to 10kg. 2)Our students vary in age fr
39、om 13 to 19.3)Our customs vary from place to place.4)Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.59. diverse: adj. 多种多样的多种多样的;不同不同的的 dav:s diversity: n. 多种多样多种多样;多样多样性性 dav:sti different: 不同的不同的 various veris : 各种各样各种各样的的 variety vrati : n. 变化变化;多样多样性性1)The people have many diverse inter
40、ests.2)Our world is a diverse and colorful place.3)We do our best to increase the diversity of the animals. 60. crane krencranecranecrane61. leopard lepd leopard62. spectacular: 引人入胜的引人入胜的;壮观的壮观的 spektkjl particularptkjl : adj. 特别的特别的; 独有的独有的 n.详细情节详细情节;细情细情1)Scotland is famous for its spectacular c
41、ountryside.2)The Great Wall is one of the tourist attractions in China.63. bathe be: v. 洗澡洗澡;游泳游泳 = swim; 沐沐浴浴 bathb: : n. 洗澡洗澡;浴缸浴缸 have/take a bath: 洗澡洗澡 go bathing/swimming: 去游泳去游泳 breath bre : n. 呼吸呼吸 breathe bri: : v. 呼吸呼吸1)It is unwise to bathe immediately after a meal.2)The bay was bathed in
42、sunshine.64. arouse: v. 激发激发;唤醒唤醒 = wake up raz (aroused) arise raz : v. 出现出现;产生产生;起床起床 arise arose - arisen raise: vt. 提高提高;增加增加;筹集筹集; 养育养育;饲养饲养 rez (raised) rise raz : vi. 上升上升;上上涨涨 rise rose - risen get a rise/raise: 涨工资涨工资 get paid: 领工资领工资1)It may arouse her interest in these subjects. 2)We must
43、 arouse them to fight with enemies. 3)It took her about 20 minutes to arouse her husband. 65. appreciation: n. 欣赏欣赏;感谢感谢;感感激激 pri:ien appreciate: v.欣赏欣赏;感谢感谢;感感激激 pri:iet1)I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to you all.2)The courses aim is to develop the childrens appreciation of musi
44、c. 3)We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 4)I would appreciate it if you keep it a secret.66. peak peakA woman at the peak.66. peak: n. 山顶山顶;顶峰顶峰 pi:k1)This is the peak of the Himalaya Mountains.4)Sales have reached a new peak.67. persuasion: n. 信服信服;说说服服 pswen persuade pswed : v. 说说服服 persua
45、de sb. into doing: 说服某人做什么说服某人做什么persuade sb. out of doing: 说服某人不做什么说服某人不做什么persuade sb. (not) to do sth. : 说服某人做说服某人做/不做某不做某事事He decided to join the army only after much persuasion.68. guarantee: v. 保证保证;担保担保 grnti: Quality Guaranteed. 质量保证。质量保证。1)Can you guarantee me a job when I graduate from university?2)I guarantee that youll soon get a rise.3)Can you guarantee to get there before dark? 4)The factory guarantees the fridge for 10 years. 5)The computer is sold with a two-year guarantee. Thats Thats all.all. Thanks Thanks a lot!a lot!
