1、 单词及词组详解consist1) 由由组成组成; 由由构成构成(注意注意:不能用于被动语不能用于被动语态和进行时态态和进行时态)= be made up of The UK consists of four countries=The Uk is made up of four countries. This club consists of more than 200 members Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen The teachers job consists of giving lessons and taking care of the
2、 students.2) consist in 基于基于,在于在于,存在存在之中之中The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.What does happiness consist in?3) consist with: 一致一致The report consists with facts. 2. England can be divided into three main areas. 英国可以分成三大部分。英国可以分成三大部分。 divide 意为意为“把一个整体分成若干个部把一个整体分成若干个部分分” 常与常
3、与 into, among, between 搭配搭配 divide into 把把分成分成 divide sth. among sb.在在分配分配 divide A from B使分离使分离; 使分开使分开 divide by用用除以除以 Lets divide the class into 4 groups.He divides his energies between politics and business.Jack divided the rest of the cash among their partners.Six divided by three is two.划分划分;把
4、整体分成若干部分把整体分成若干部分, 破破坏了宾语的完整性。坏了宾语的完整性。分隔分隔; 把原来连在一起或靠近把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来的分隔开来, 没有破坏宾语的没有破坏宾语的完整性完整性, 只是将宾语分开。只是将宾语分开。divideseparate辨析辨析: divide, separateThe world is divided into five continents.Lets divide the cake into three.He separated the big eggs from the small ones.The grinding machine (碾谷机碾谷机)
5、 separates the grain from the husk(糠糠).1. The apple was _ into two.2. We _the money equally.3. Oxygen can be _ from water.4. The Taiwan Strait _ Taiwan from Fujian.试一试试一试divideddividedseparatedseparatespuzzle n/v puzzled a. puzzling a. 1) n. 难题难题,谜谜,迷惑迷惑,困惑困惑2) v. 使使迷惑迷惑/困惑困惑A crossword puzzlebe in
6、a puzzle about sthI am in a puzzle about the matter.The question puzzled me. Im puzzled about what to do next.puzzle oneself (ones brain) about sth= puzzle over sth 苦苦思索，为苦苦思索，为大伤脑筋大伤脑筋I am puzzling my brain about how to make my lesson lively and interesting. I puzzled over the question for quite a
7、while.He listened to the lecture with a _ expression.A.puzzled B. puzzling C. puzzle D. being puzzled2) I hope that what I say will clarify the misunderstanding.3) His mind suddenly clarified.-fy 构成动词词缀，意思是构成动词词缀，意思是 使使,如如satisfy, terrify beautify simplify Clarify v. 使（某事物）清楚，澄清使（某事物）清楚，澄清clarificat
8、ion to clarify a remark/statement/fact/ issues/the meaning ofclarify how/ what -clause1) I will clarify my position/stand at a proper time. 澄清立场澄清立场 refer to 1) We agree never to refer to the matter again.提到；谈及提到；谈及 2) Complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary.查阅查阅 3) Who does the pron
9、oun in the third sentence refer to? 指的是指的是 4) The speaker referred to him as an up-and-coming（有前途的）（有前途的） politician. 把把称作称作1) Are they coming as well/too ?2) She is a talented musician as well as a photographer.3) He plays guitar as well.as well/as well as4) E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an impor
10、tant part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play5) Miss Han, _ Mrs. Howe, speaks good French. They often talk in French.A. so well as B. as good as C. as well as D. so good as 6) John plays football _, if not better than, David.A. as well B. as well as C. so well
11、D. so well asNow when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.find +宾语宾语+宾语补足语，宾语补足语，included为为过去分词作宾语补足语。过去分词作宾语补足语。find在该结在该结构中表示构中表示“发现，觉得，发现发现，觉得，发现处于处于某种状态某种状态”。find后的宾语补足语通后的宾语补足语通常由以下几种形式充当：常由以下几种形式充当：1 find +宾语宾语+现在分词现在分词 Tom found the girl walking in the direction of the sma
12、ll village.2 find +宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词Then I found the hero surrounded by a group of soldiers.3 find +宾语宾语+介词短语介词短语 Suddenly I found my mother at the edge of the river.4 find +宾语宾语+形容词形容词 Li Ming found himself wet when he arrived home. 5 find +宾语宾语+名词名词 I find him the man who saved me. Accomplish1. 完成完成,
13、实现实现, 做成功做成功 I have accomplished a great deal in the last few months. 2.达到达到(目的目的)；完成；完成(任务、使命、计划、事任务、使命、计划、事业等业等)；实现；实现(诺言、计划等诺言、计划等) This task is accomplished by great effort. 这项任务是经过巨大努力才完成的。这项任务是经过巨大努力才完成的。3.做到，做成，做成功做到，做成，做成功 She seems to accomplish nothing. 她似乎没有任何建树。她似乎没有任何建树。 辨析辨析 complete,
14、finish, end, accomplish 这些词均含这些词均含“结束，完成结束，完成”之意。之意。complete: 侧重指完成预定的任务或使某侧重指完成预定的任务或使某事完善，补足缺少的部分等。事完善，补足缺少的部分等。finish: 与与complete基本同义，着重圆满地基本同义，着重圆满地结束或完成已着手的事。结束或完成已着手的事。end: 最普通用词，着重事情的完成。也指最普通用词，着重事情的完成。也指某种活动因达到目的而自然结束或由于某某种活动因达到目的而自然结束或由于某种原因而突然中止。种原因而突然中止。accomplish: 正式用词，强调一个过程的正式用词，强调一个过程
15、的完成；也可指依靠努力达到一定目的，或完成；也可指依靠努力达到一定目的，或取得一定的结果。取得一定的结果。 5. However, just as they were going to get Ireland connected to form the United Kingdom, the Southern part of that country broke away to form its own government. 然而然而,正当他们打算把爱尔兰也同另正当他们打算把爱尔兰也同另外三个国家联合起来形成联合王国的外三个国家联合起来形成联合王国的时候时候,爱尔兰的南部却分离出去了。爱尔兰
16、的南部却分离出去了。break v. (broke, broken) 习惯搭配习惯搭配:break away 挣脱挣脱, 逃脱；脱离逃脱；脱离, 背叛背叛break down 抛锚抛锚, 出故障出故障,身体跨了身体跨了break into 闯入闯入, 突然发出突然发出break out (战争、瘟疫、火灾战争、瘟疫、火灾) 爆发爆发break off 中断中断break the rules 违反规则违反规则break the records打破记录打破记录Our car broke down.The peace talk between the two counties has broken
17、down.Yesterday two thieves broke into his house.As she was talking, he suddenly broke in, saying, Thats a lie. (interrupt)He broke off a piece of chocolate.War broke out in 1914.The meeting broke up at ten to three.Shes just broken up with her boyfriend. (机器机器)损坏损坏, 抛锚抛锚 （身体，精神）（身体，精神）垮掉垮掉 谈判中止谈判中止
18、破门而入破门而入打扰打扰,插话插话掰碎，把掰碎，把分成碎片，分成碎片，与与分开分开;分裂分裂 结束结束credit 信任，学分，赞扬，信贷信任，学分，赞扬，信贷 He earned enough credits for his degree学分You should give him some credit for all the efforts hes put in. 赞扬No credit is given to this restaurant.本店概不赊账Its much to her credit that Joy overcame all the difficulties.值得表扬 c
19、redit card 信用卡信用卡 on credit 赊账，记账赊账，记账He bought the furniture on credit. 他赊他赊帐买了这家具。帐买了这家具。 V 相信相信 Nobody credited his story. 没有人相信没有人相信他的话。他的话。 6. Although the four countries do work together in some areas ( for example, in international relations), they are still different. 尽管这四个国家在某些方面尽管这四个国家在某些方
20、面 (如国际如国际关系方面关系方面) 是合作的是合作的, 但它们还是不同但它们还是不同的。的。注意注意work together是一个习惯用语是一个习惯用语, 不不能按字面意思直译。如能按字面意思直译。如It doesnt work. 在此处的在此处的work被译为被译为“起起反应反应, 起作用起作用”由动词由动词work构成的词组：构成的词组：work well 做得好做得好work sth. in/into sth. 设法把设法把.加进加进work at something 从事从事work out 算出算出work ones will on /upon somebody 将某人的意志强加
21、给别人将某人的意志强加给别人7. England is the largest of the four countries and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. 在这四个国家中在这四个国家中,英格兰最大英格兰最大,为了方为了方便起见便起见, 它大致被分为了三个地区。它大致被分为了三个地区。convenience n. convenient adj.方便方便, 便利便利 for convenience 为了方便为了方便起见at ones convenience 在某人方便时在某人方便时convenient 主语通常
22、是物而不是人主语通常是物而不是人be convenient to/for sb对某人方便对某人方便be convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人某人做某事方便做某事方便n.便利的设施便利的设施/设备设备(可数可数) n.方便方便/便利便利 (不可数不可数)1 I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience. 2 We bought this house for its convenience.3 Please come at your convenience.4The newly-built office b
23、uilding is equipped with many modern conveniences. 5 Will the 3:50 train be convenient to you? Come and see me whenever _.A.you are convenient B. you will be convenientC. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you 未经加工未经加工rough diamonds. 概略的：不完善概略的：不完善 a rough drawing 草图草图 粗鲁无礼的态度粗鲁无礼的态
24、度rough manners. 不愉快，艰难的：不愉快，艰难的：had a rough time during the exam. a rough winter严冬严冬 粗糙的不光滑的粗糙的不光滑的 a rough surface /hands 粗暴的，粗野粗暴的，粗野 的的ran with a rough crowd. in rough = roughly 粗略地粗略地8. However, these industrial cities built in the 19th century do not have the historical attractions of other pla
25、ces. 然而然而, 这些在十九世纪建立起来的城市这些在十九世纪建立起来的城市却没有其它地方所具有的历史魅力。却没有其它地方所具有的历史魅力。attraction n. attract v. attractive adj1) 吸引，引力吸引，引力; 2) 吸引人的东西吸引人的东西; 喜闻乐见的东西喜闻乐见的东西; 精彩节精彩节目目 attraction of gravity 重力重力 scenic / tourist attraction(s) 旅游胜地旅游胜地 He cant resist the attraction of the sea on hot day. 酷热的夏天他经不住海的诱酷
26、热的夏天他经不住海的诱惑。惑。A big city offers many and varied attractions. 大城市有多种多样吸引人的东西。大城市有多种多样吸引人的东西。What are the principle attractions this evening? 今天晚上的拿手节目是什么？今天晚上的拿手节目是什么？All of the people were attracted by the young ladys attractive smileWe must attract peoples attention to the education of the poor ch
27、ildren in the countryside. 形近词形近词 attack attach attribute attract The box under the car attracted the policemens eyesight. He attributed his success to his hard work. At dawn , we are going to attack the enemy to occupy the town. Have you read the letter attached to his file. treasure 1) u 金银财宝，宝藏金银
28、财宝，宝藏 e.g. to find buried treasure 2) c 珍品珍品/宝宝 e.g. the nations art treasures 国家国家的艺术珍品的艺术珍品 3）v. 珍惜珍惜/爱爱e.g. I will treasure those memories forever.7. collection 收藏品，珍藏，收集收藏品，珍藏，收集 Researchers spent 6 months collecting facts and figures.collect / raise money for sth.collect ones thoughts 集中思想集中思想
29、a collection of people (群群) a collection of poetry （诗集）（诗集） collect stamps 短语短语 have a bad, good, beneficial, harmful, influence with / on 对对.有影响有影响 under the influence of在在影响下影响下9. But London has been influenced only by some invaders of England. 但是伦敦仅受一些入侵者的影响。但是伦敦仅受一些入侵者的影响。influence vt. & n. 影响，感
30、化影响，感化,影响力影响力The book had a great influence on his life. Under the influence of my friend, I bought a red coat.My teachers influence made me study science at college.He is a man of influence in the city.My teacher influenced my decision to study art.The weather influences crops. affect & influence 意
31、义相近意义相近 affect 一般指生理一般指生理/物质上的改变物质上的改变 influence 较多用于指感觉较多用于指感觉/态度上态度上的改变的改变 e.g. 1) Drinking can affect your ability to drive. 2）The TV advertisements have influenced my attitude towards drinking and driving.10. If you look around the British countryside, you will find evidence of all these invader
32、s. 如果你的在英国四处走走的话如果你的在英国四处走走的话,就会发现这些入侵者的痕迹。就会发现这些入侵者的痕迹。invader n. 入侵者入侵者; 侵略者侵略者invade vt. 侵入侵入; 侵略侵略; 拥入拥入Hitler invaded Poland in 1939. 希特勒希特勒1939年入侵波兰。年入侵波兰。Doubts invade my mind.满腹狐疑。满腹狐疑。Disease invade the body.疾病侵袭身体。疾病侵袭身体。Holiday makers invade the seaside towns in summer.在夏季在夏季, 度假者大批涌入海滨城市
33、。度假者大批涌入海滨城市。worthwhile/worth adj1) It is worthwhile to visit /visiting Hangzhou which is a beautiful place. 2) Hangzhou is a beautiful place which isworth visiting. 3) Thank you for your worthwhile suggestion. Thank you for your worth suggestion.worth: a. +n./pron.(代词代词)/V-ing 只作表语不作定语只作表语不作定语 wort
34、hwhile a. +to do sth./doing sth. 既可作表语又可作定语既可作表语又可作定语be worthy of + n./being+p.p./ to be p.pe.g. 1) This question is worthy of consideration. 2) This question is worthy of being considered. 3) This question is worthy to be considered. 1) The book is worth reading. = It is worth/worthwhile reading th
35、e book.2) Nursing is a very worthwhile job.3) We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we got the tickets.4) The exhibition is well worth a visit.5)He thinks teaching foreign language is worthwhile.worthwhile/worth 8. leave out 遗漏，漏掉，排除遗漏，漏掉，排除 Youve left out a zero in this phone number.All
36、 the other seemed to know each other and I began to feel left out.leave sb alone = leave him to himself不理会 leave sth. alone = dont touch it leave sth behind 落下，留下 leave word with sb 给某人留下口信 leave sth open/ untidy/ on/ off 感到被冷落1. description -v._ describe sb. as.描述成描述成Sarab described him as shy. des
37、cribe sth./sb. to sb. 向某人描述向某人描述So describe this new classmate to me!n. give a () description ofI gave them a detailed description of my car. describe2. possibility -a. _A peace settlement now looks like a real .Theres a possibility that he might get back.Its possible (for sb) to do sth/ thatI want
38、to avoid the rush hour if possible.Would it be possible? 可以吗？可以吗？as as possible whenever/ wherever possible-Do you think it was murder? Quite possibly. possible3. plus 介词，形容词介词，形容词 Prep: 1+1=2 One plus one equals two.The book has 250 pages, plus（外加）（外加） 20 pages of appendices.(附录附录)Adj: plus factor/
39、 point 有利因素，优点有利因素，优点Another point for the system is thatShe earns $50,000 a year plus. 多于多于4. alike 不用于名词前不用于名词前 a./ adv.My mother and I are in many ways.The twins were dressed .I enjoy being on this course - I learnt a lot from teachers and students . 同样地，一样地同样地，一样地 arrange vt.&vi.1) 排列；整理排列；整理 In
40、 a dictionary the words are arranged in alphabetical order.2）安排；准备）安排；准备We have arranged a party.3）商定）商定 I arranged with her to meet at 8 oclock. arrangement n. 筹备筹备,安排安排 Rearrange重新排列重新排列/ arranger 筹备者筹备者 arrange to do sth. 安排做某事安排做某事, 预定预定 arrange for 安排安排, 准备准备 arrange with sb about sth 与某人商定某事与某
41、人商定某事 make an arrangement 安排，协商安排，协商 1) They have _another man to take his place.2) She helped me _ the flowers.3) She _ to meet Tom after work.4) They made _ to share the food.arrange forarrangean arrangementarranged12. fold v.& n. 折叠折叠, 弯曲弯曲, 合起来合起来 folder 纸夹纸夹 fold up 折叠；折起折叠；折起foldin sth. 把把包在某物
42、里包在某物里fold ones arms/hands 交臂、交手交臂、交手unfold v.展开；摊开；打开；展现；展开；摊开；打开；展现；呈现呈现The little child folded her hands in prayer. 这个小孩合上双手祈祷。这个小孩合上双手祈祷。She folded the handkerchief and put it in her pocket. 她叠好手绢她叠好手绢, 放进了口袋里。放进了口袋里。1. sightseeing n.& a.观光的观光的 sightsee v. 观光观光 sightseer n.观光客观光客, 游客游客 go sights
43、eeing 观光观光, 游览游览 2. be worried about / for 为为着急着急 be anxious about sth. 为为担忧担忧 be upset about sth. 对对感到苦脑感到苦脑 be curious about sth. 为为好奇好奇 be eager for 盼望得到盼望得到, 想得到想得到 be confused with 对对感到混乱感到混乱3. available adj. 1) (sth.) that can be used （指物）可用的（指物）可用的; 可得的可得的 This was the only available room. Ti
44、ckets are available at the box office. 2) (sb.) be free to seen (指人指人)可会见的可会见的 I am available in the afternoon. He was not available for the interview. 6. delight n.&v. 愉快，乐趣，快乐愉快，乐趣，快乐 to ones delight 令令感到愉快的是感到愉快的是 take delight in sth /doing sth 乐于乐于, 爱爱好好 delight sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴用某物使某人高兴 de
45、light in 喜欢喜欢, 嗜好嗜好 delighted adj. be delighted to doThe kids rushed down to the beach with/ in delight. 高兴地To my secret delight, Sarah announced that she was leaving. 令某人暗自高兴Tom takes great delight in making fun of his sister.= delights in 喜欢 以为乐趣The teacher delighted us with his humor.There are so
46、 many delights in travels.1) I took delight _ books.2) _ his delight, he passed the driving test.3) She delights _ being surrounded by admirers.inToinFill in the blanks with in /to: fancy adj. vt. &n. 1) adj. 奇特的；花样的；花哨的奇特的；花样的；花哨的 I dont like making a fancy meal. 2）vt 想象；假象想象；假象fancy +从句从句 想象想象fanc
47、y (ones) doing sth. 想象想象做做fancy sb. as 想象某人为想象某人为 3) n. 幻想，幻想出的东西幻想，幻想出的东西4. remain - remaining (adj ) - remains (n ) 1) After the fire ,very little remained of my house . 2) Much work remained to be done .3) Ill remained to see the end of the game .4) In fact ,the work remained unfinished . The chi
48、ldren remained listening . The Indian people remain in deep poverty .5) The remains of the ancient temple are worth seeing .剩下剩下留待以后去做留待以后去做vi.vi.逗留逗留, ,留下留下link.link.仍然是仍然是n.n.残存的物残存的物 The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _as the plane was making a landing . A seat B seating C seat
49、ed D to be seating Coccasion n. 机会，时机；（某事发机会，时机；（某事发生的）时刻，时节生的）时刻，时节 on that/this occasion 那时、这时那时、这时 表达表达“有时有时”得表达：得表达： on occasion at times from time to time now and then once in a while3. I am a_ in the afternoon.4. It remains _ whether you are right . A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen5.
50、Generally speaking, _according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken2. Unless _to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference . A.invited B.inviting C.being invited D.having invitedAvailableBB1. Well go s_ on Monday.igh
