1、北美洲2017年12月 黄 靖一、位置和范围一、位置和范围1201208080二、地形二、地形1 1、主要地形区、主要地形区ABCDEFGHi指出图中字母代表指出图中字母代表的地理事物的名称的地理事物的名称。A阿拉斯加半岛阿拉斯加半岛B拉布拉多半岛拉布拉多半岛C佛罗里达半岛佛罗里达半岛D格陵兰岛格陵兰岛E纽芬兰岛纽芬兰岛F巴芬岛巴芬岛G哈德孙湾哈德孙湾H墨西哥湾墨西哥湾I白令海峡白令海峡J丹麦海峡丹麦海峡K加利福尼亚湾加利福尼亚湾JK2 2、地势、地势太平洋太平洋大西洋大西洋西部高山区西部高山区东部高原山地东部高原山地中部平原中部平原？山？山？山？山？山？山？山脉？山脉？河？河南北纵列，三大地
2、形区南北纵列，三大地形区太平洋太平洋大西洋大西洋西部高山区西部高山区东部高原山地东部高原山地中部平原中部平原6060o oW W120120o oW W 1、地势。东西高，中间低，纵列分布，致使南北气流畅通无阻。冬季极地冷气团可长驱南下，骤然降温。夏季来自墨西哥湾的热带暖气团可自由北上，天气闷热多雨。中部平原在冷暖气团争逐交锋、交替控制之下，形成气温、降水季节变化剧烈、大陆性较强的温带大陆性气候。北美洲的地形地势会对其气候产生的影响？北美洲的地形地势会对其气候产生的影响？ 2.海岸山脉紧逼着太平洋沿岸，迎风坡地形雨丰沛。但是，海岸山脉阻挡了太平洋上的暖湿西风向东深入，限制了山脉以西的温带海洋性
3、气候和地中海式气候向东延伸，使上述二种气候呈南北向带状分布于沿海地区。山间高原盆地由于地形闭塞，海洋水汽难以进入，因此，气候干旱，呈现出荒漠的景象。美国地形 3 3、东部高原山地：低矮，对大西洋湿润气流阻挡作用不显著。东部高原山地：低矮，对大西洋湿润气流阻挡作用不显著。 西北坡面迎冬季西北风，常造成大雪；东南坡面对大西洋水汽产生抬升作用，西北坡面迎冬季西北风，常造成大雪；东南坡面对大西洋水汽产生抬升作用，造成地形雨。造成地形雨。年年降降水水量量三、气候三、气候(1)(1)密西西比河密西西比河(2)(2)圣劳伦斯河圣劳伦斯河(3)(3)科罗拉多河科罗拉多河四、河流和湖泊四、河流和湖泊红色岩层红色
4、岩层形成：炎热干形成：炎热干燥的气候燥的气候科罗拉多大峡谷：世界自然遗产科罗拉多大峡谷：世界自然遗产从谷底到顶部分布着从寒武从谷底到顶部分布着从寒武纪到新生代各个时期的纪到新生代各个时期的岩层岩层，层次清晰，色调各异，并，层次清晰，色调各异，并且含有各个地质年代的代表且含有各个地质年代的代表性生物性生物化石化石，又被称为，又被称为“活活的地质史教科书的地质史教科书”。 形成：形成：a.早期，地壳稳定，泥沙沉积形成早期，地壳稳定，泥沙沉积形成沉积岩沉积岩；b.后来，地壳运动导致岩层后来，地壳运动导致岩层垂直垂直上升；上升；c.岩石松软，河流下切侵蚀形成峡谷，岩岩石松软，河流下切侵蚀形成峡谷，岩层
5、露出层露出桌子山桌子山形成：形成：河流对地表的差异侵蚀。松软的河流对地表的差异侵蚀。松软的岩石被侵蚀成峡谷，坚硬的岩石岩石被侵蚀成峡谷，坚硬的岩石保留了下来，形成桌状山。保留了下来，形成桌状山。五大湖五大湖密密歇歇根根湖湖苏必利尔湖苏必利尔湖休伦湖休伦湖伊利湖伊利湖安大略湖安大略湖世界最大的淡水湖群世界最大的淡水湖群成因成因：冰川作用：冰川作用 苏必利尔湖苏必利尔湖：世界最大的淡水湖：世界最大的淡水湖尼亚加拉瀑布尼亚加拉瀑布五大湖之间有运河相通，并经五大湖之间有运河相通，并经圣劳伦斯河圣劳伦斯河Saint Lawrence River与大西洋相连与大西洋相连 五大湖水面高低不同，由西向东逐级降
6、低，五大湖水面高低不同，由西向东逐级降低，伊利湖与安大略湖之间伊利湖与安大略湖之间有将近有将近100100米的落差，并有一个断层陡岸，从而形成了世界著名的米的落差，并有一个断层陡岸，从而形成了世界著名的尼亚加拉瀑布。尼亚加拉瀑布。五大湖剖面示意图五大湖剖面示意图 尼亚加拉大瀑布分为南北两段尼亚加拉大瀑布分为南北两段，北端呈半环状，名，北端呈半环状，名马蹄瀑布马蹄瀑布，属加拿大；南，属加拿大；南端称端称亚美利加瀑布亚美利加瀑布，属美国。美、加两国均在瀑布之上修建了大型水电站。，属美国。美、加两国均在瀑布之上修建了大型水电站。尼亚加拉瀑布风光尼亚加拉瀑布风光构造湖：地面断裂沉陷积水成湖。构造湖：地
7、面断裂沉陷积水成湖。贝加尔湖、死海贝加尔湖、死海、东非裂谷湖群、鄱阳湖、滇池、东非裂谷湖群、鄱阳湖、滇池等。等。冰蚀湖：由冰川挖蚀成的洼坑和冰碛物堵塞积水而冰蚀湖：由冰川挖蚀成的洼坑和冰碛物堵塞积水而成的一类湖泊。如成的一类湖泊。如北美五大湖、北欧和瑞士的湖泊北美五大湖、北欧和瑞士的湖泊、青藏高原湖泊群、青藏高原湖泊群等。等。大盐湖五、资源五、资源矿产资源丰富：石油 、天然气、煤、铁、有色金属森林资源渔业资源水力资源1.关于北美气候的正确分析是关于北美气候的正确分析是北美三面临海，气候湿润，海洋性显著北美三面临海，气候湿润，海洋性显著 西部高大的山脉，阻挡着大西洋水汽的进入，使北美降水西部高大
8、的山脉，阻挡着大西洋水汽的进入，使北美降水稀少稀少 中部大平原南北贯通，有利于冷、暖气流经过，造成夏季中部大平原南北贯通，有利于冷、暖气流经过，造成夏季温差大温差大北美的降水由东部沿海向内陆逐渐减少北美的降水由东部沿海向内陆逐渐减少A、B、C、D、C例题与变式例题与变式右图为世界某大陆地形剖面图，回答相关题目：右图为世界某大陆地形剖面图，回答相关题目：2下列地理事物位于该大陆上的是下列地理事物位于该大陆上的是 A.维多利亚湖维多利亚湖 B.大自流盆地大自流盆地 C.科罗拉多大峡谷科罗拉多大峡谷 D.潘帕斯草原潘帕斯草原C右图为世界某大陆地形剖面图，回答右图为世界某大陆地形剖面图，回答36题：题
9、：3该大陆上分布面积最广的该大陆上分布面积最广的植被是植被是A.亚寒带针叶林亚寒带针叶林 B.热带雨林热带雨林 C.温带落叶阔叶林温带落叶阔叶林 D.亚热带常绿阔叶林亚热带常绿阔叶林A右图为世界某大陆地形剖面图，回答右图为世界某大陆地形剖面图，回答36题：题：4图中数码代表的地理现象的叙述，正确的是图中数码代表的地理现象的叙述，正确的是 A.地是温带海洋性气候地是温带海洋性气候 B.地有丰富的煤炭资源地有丰富的煤炭资源 C.平原主要的经济作物是棉花平原主要的经济作物是棉花 D.地有色金属矿产资源丰富地有色金属矿产资源丰富C右图为世界某大陆地形剖面图，回答右图为世界某大陆地形剖面图，回答36题：
10、题：5.下列地理现象叙述正确的是下列地理现象叙述正确的是A处所在地形区易出现寒潮、飓风等灾处所在地形区易出现寒潮、飓风等灾 害性天气害性天气B处是大陆板块与大陆板块碰撞形成的处是大陆板块与大陆板块碰撞形成的C处受寒流影响，形成热带荒漠带处受寒流影响，形成热带荒漠带D处北部铁矿储量丰富处北部铁矿储量丰富A图为世界某区域示意图图为世界某区域示意图 完成下列问题。完成下列问题。图11甲圣劳伦斯河乙蒙特利尔75m水水高程雪带水域河流谷物运输方向铁路城市7m908040 NWW75m(1)(1)圣劳伦斯河是世界上水位最稳定的河流之一，说明其原因。圣劳伦斯河是世界上水位最稳定的河流之一，说明其原因。比较比
11、较、河段水文特征的差异。河段水文特征的差异。 流域内降水的季节变化小，五大湖流域内降水的季节变化小，五大湖的调节作用明显。的调节作用明显。河段较河段较河段河段流速快、流量小，冰期短。流速快、流量小，冰期短。(2)(2)简述简述“雪带雪带”( (降雪量降雪量明显多于周边地区明显多于周边地区) )分布的分布的特点，并解释原因。特点，并解释原因。分布在湖的东、南岸。五大湖地分布在湖的东、南岸。五大湖地区冬季多西风和西北风；冷空气区冬季多西风和西北风；冷空气经过湖面时，增温增湿；经过湖经过湖面时，增温增湿；经过湖面后，暖空气上升，水汽凝结形面后，暖空气上升，水汽凝结形成降雪，出现雪带。成降雪，出现雪带
12、。读北美读北美00等温线分布图，回答下列问题。等温线分布图，回答下列问题。（1 1）此图是）此图是 季的气温分布示季的气温分布示意图，等温线发生弯曲的根本原意图，等温线发生弯曲的根本原因是因是（2 2）请从高到低排列）请从高到低排列O O、P P、Q Q三地三地气温顺序：气温顺序：冬海陆热力性质影响海陆热力性质影响 OQPOQP（3 3）请分析）请分析O O、P P、Q Q三地气温差异三地气温差异的原因：的原因：O O地地受西风影响，且受阿拉斯加暖流影响，所以气温最高。受西风影响，且受阿拉斯加暖流影响，所以气温最高。 Q Q地地受高纬寒冷气流影响；但受墨西哥湾暖流影响，气温较受高纬寒冷气流影响
13、；但受墨西哥湾暖流影响，气温较P P高。高。 P P地地容易受高纬寒冷空气南下影响，气温最低容易受高纬寒冷空气南下影响，气温最低。 六、人口和民族六、人口和民族七、农业和工业七、农业和工业目录C O N T E N T S绪论研究思路与方法关键技术与实践难点研究成果与应用相关建议与论文总结0102030405绪论01 选题背景 国内外相关研究综述 理论基础与文献综述 主要贡献与创新We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into t
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35、e many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed. Head TitleHead TitleWe have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed.Head TitleHead TitleWe have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed.Head TitleHead TitleWe have many PowerPoint templates t
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46、Point templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. TOPIC HEADER ONETOPIC HEADER ONEWe have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint
47、 for the very first time. TOPIC HEADER ONETOPIC HEADER ONEWe have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. TOPIC HEADER ONETOPIC HEADER ONEWe have many PowerPoint templates that has been specif
48、ically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. TOPIC HEADER ONETOPIC HEADER ONEWe have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. 此处添加标题文本Th
49、is is a good space for a short subtitleWe have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. 03We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping i
50、nto the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. 04We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone that is stepping into the world of PowerPoint for the very first time. 02We have many PowerPoint templates that has been specifically designed to help anyone th
