1、Unit 2 Morals and VirtuesPart 3 Discovering Useful StructuresV-ing form used as adverbial and object complement 1) Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.2) Not knowing the answer to this question , he turned to his deskmate. 3) The two girl stood there for half an hour talking
2、about the boys who were playing basketball.4) The COVID-19 broke out throughout the world, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths.5) Working harder, you will make some progress. 3.读句子，思考以下问题：. V-ing 作状语可以表示哪些情况？. V-ing 作状语应注意什么？时间状语时间状语=when.原因状语原因状语=because.伴随状语伴随状语=and .结果状语结果状语=which caused.条件状语
3、条件状语=if.Attention 1:V-ing 作状语，相当于作状语，相当于_。一个状语从句一个状语从句(并列句并列句)Attention 2:V-ing 作状语时，它作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须是的逻辑主语必须是_, _, 分分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的_。句子的主语句子的主语主谓关系主谓关系1. Read the sentences below and pay attention to the underlined parts.1. her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.2.
4、Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.3. The new Peoples Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. 4. At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villiage to provide medical care.1. thinkingadverbial2. thinkingadverbial3. playingobj
5、ect complement 4. ridingobject complement 1.1.-ing-ing形式作状语时形式作状语时, , 分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语, , 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系, , 否则不能用否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化现在分词作状语。但要注意它的各种形式变化: : 主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式V-ingbeing V-ed完成式完成式having V-edhaving been V-ed-ing-ing形式作状语形式作状语 1作时间状语 Wa
6、lking in the park，she saw an old friend. When/while(she was)walking in the park，she saw an old friend. 当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。 Having finished the work，he went to see his teacher. After he had finished the work，he went to see his teacher. 完成这次工作后，他去看望他的老师。 【特别提示】【特别提示】当动词当动词 -ing 形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或形式
7、的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用一般式几乎同时发生时，用一般式 ； 当它的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动当它的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，用完成式作发生时，用完成式 。 2作原因状语 Being ill，he couldnt go to school. As he was ill，he couldnt go to school. Not knowing the way, he got lost. = As he didnt know the way, he got lost. 3作条件状语 Working hard，youll make great progress. I
8、f you work hard，youll make great progress. = Work hard, and youll make great progress. 4作方式状语 He came running back to tell me the news. Please answer the question using another way.5作结果状语His parents died，leaving him an orphan.His parents died and left him an orphan.The snow lasted a week，resulting i
9、n a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.The snow lasted a week，and resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.动词-ing形式做结果状语，表示随着谓语动词所表示的动作的发生而产生的自然结果，逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，w往往可以加thus。而to do形式作结果状语时常表出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only,never.构成only to do/be done, never to do/be done.He came back
10、 to the dormitory, only to find his money stolen.6作伴随状语I stood by the door，not daring to say a word.I stood by the door，and didnt dare to say a word.She walked along the street，singing softly to herself.She walked along the street and sang softly to herself.7作让步状语Working or reading，she always did he
11、r best.Whether she worked or read，she always did her best.Working very hard，he didnt feel a bit tired.Though he worked hard，he didnt feel a bit tired.动词动词 -ing 形式的时态形式的时态 动词动词 -ing 形式（短语）作状语时，要注意它的时间形式（短语）作状语时，要注意它的时间性，即注意是用一般式（性，即注意是用一般式（ doing ）还是用完成式）还是用完成式（ having done ）。）。 eg Walking in the str
12、eet, I met an old friend of mine. 走在大街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。走在大街上时，我遇到了一位老朋友。 Having finished the letter, he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。他写完信后就把它寄了出去。 Attention: 动词动词 -ing 形式的语态形式的语态 使用动词使用动词 -ing 形式的主动式（形式的主动式（ doing/having done ）还是被动式（还是被动式（ being done/having been done ），这），这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。通常，主要取决于现
13、在分词和句子主语之间的关系。通常，句子的主语就是动词句子的主语就是动词 -ing 形式的逻辑主语。形式的逻辑主语。 eg We walked along the river bank, talking and laughing . 我们沿河岸有说有笑地走着。（主动）我们沿河岸有说有笑地走着。（主动） Being repaired now , the computer cant be used. 由于现在正在修理，这台电脑不能用了。（被动）由于现在正在修理，这台电脑不能用了。（被动） -ing-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语宾语补足语位于宾语之后，补充说明宾语是什么或怎么样，与宾宾语补足
14、语位于宾语之后，补充说明宾语是什么或怎么样，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。语有逻辑上的主谓关系。 它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。1表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如see, notice, watch, look at, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find, catch等。例如：I felt the house shaking.我觉得房子在晃。I found a beggar standing at the door.我发现一个乞丐站在门口。-ing-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语在在seesee，hearhear，feelfeel，w
15、atchwatch等感官动词后，既可用动词等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing-ing形式形式作宾语补足语，也可用不带作宾语补足语，也可用不带toto的动词不定式作宾语补足语。用动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语。用动词- -inging形式时，表示形式时，表示动作正在进行动作正在进行；用不带；用不带toto的动词不定式时，表示动的动词不定式时，表示动作作经常发生经常发生或或动作从开始到结束的全过程动作从开始到结束的全过程。eg I saw him eg I saw him getting out of getting out of the car. the car. 我看见他正在下车。我看见他正在下车
16、。 I saw him I saw him get out of get out of the car. the car. 我看见他下车了。我看见他下车了。-ing-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语动词动词-ing-ing形式作宾语补足语时，也常和表示使役的动词形式作宾语补足语时，也常和表示使役的动词keepkeep，getget，leaveleave，setset，havehave等动词后与一个名词（代词）构成复合宾语，表示，等动词后与一个名词（代词）构成复合宾语，表示，“使使一直处于某种状态一直处于某种状态”。1. 不好意思让你等这么久。不好意思让你等这么久。 (keep) 2. 他
17、父亲不让他抽烟。他父亲不让他抽烟。 (let) Im sorry to have _ for so long. His father do not _. kept you waiting let him smoke Hearing worrying wanting knocking Facing Returning smiling Feeling Henry Norman Bethune was a Canadian doctor with a very creative mind and a determination to help people. As a small boy, he b
18、ecame very interested in medicine and decided to become a doctor. After he graduated from medical college in 1916, Bethune worked as a doctor in England. the US, and Canada. He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments to make them more useful. In 1938, Bethune left for China, after he he
19、ard that many people were dying in the war. Despite the difficult situation. Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. He helped to organise hospitals, taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid. Sadly, Dr Bethune passed away in November the following yea
20、r and was buried in Shijiazhuang. After Dr Bethunes death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.=deciding to become a doctor=after hearing that many people were dying in the war =Helping to organise hosptitals, he t
21、aught doctors and nurses,and showed people how to give fist aid.=praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.动词动词-ing形式作状形式作状语和宾补语和宾补作宾补作宾补作状语作状语主动主动:_:_被动：被动：_1.1.逻辑主语与主句主语逻辑主语与主句主语 ; ;2.2.否定形式否定形式: : . . 形式形式类型类型注意注意doing / having done being done / having been done 时间状语时间状语 原因状语原因状语 结果
22、状语结果状语 条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语 方式状语方式状语伴随状语伴随状语一致一致not / never + v-ing-ing function动词动词-ing形式形式作状语和宾补作状语和宾补作宾补作宾补作状语作状语形式：主动形式：主动 _ 被动被动 _用法：用法：在在 后作宾补后作宾补在在 后作宾补后作宾补在在 后作宾补后作宾补doingbeing done感官动词感官动词使役动词使役动词with复合结构复合结构-ing function单句语法填空：1.Chinas image is improving steadily(平稳地)，with more countries _ (re
23、cognize) its role in International affairs.2.She sat at the table _ (enjoy) the meal.3.He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone _ (knock) at the door.4.With so much homework _ (do) ,she felt anxious.5.With the mid-term exam _(approach), we are all busy reviewing our lessons.6.He left in
24、 a hurry,_ (follow) by his students. 7._ (work) for a few years , she was sent to study in Europe and then in 1939,in USA.recognizingenjoyingknocking to do approachingfollowedHaving workedPractice短文语法填空We students 1._ (major) in astronomy paid a visit to a famous university 2._ (rank) first in Franc
25、e last week. When 3._ (approach) the university, we were greeted by the members of the Student Association. A boy came close to me, 4._ (try) to hug me. 5._ (misunderstand) his behavior, I turned my back to him. 6._ (refuse), the boy felt confused. Through communication with others I got to know tha
26、t I had misread his body language. In France, 7._ (hug) is as common as shaking hands with others in China, 8._ (function) just as a way of greeting. It was my lack of knowledge about body language that made me misread his behavior, 9._ (lead) to the misunderstanding between us. 10._ (regret) treati
27、ng the boy impolitely, I made an apology to him.majoringmajoringrankingrankingapproachingapproachingtryingtryingMisunderstandingMisunderstandingHaving been refusedHaving been refusedhugginghuggingfunctioningfunctioningleadingleadingRegretting Regretting Practice定义: 一个在句中作状语的短语。结构：逻辑主语+逻辑谓语 1）逻辑主语+非谓
28、语动词 2）逻辑主语+n./adj./adv./介短Weather permitting, we will go on a picnic this Saturday.特点：1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同，它独立存在；2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开；3. 位置灵活，句首句中句末都可放置；1) Time permitting, I will answer your questions after the meeting .2) Lots of work to do, I have to work extra hours.3) The test finished, we wil
29、l have our summer vacation.1. 逻辑主语逻辑主语+非谓语动词非谓语动词2. 逻辑主语逻辑主语+n./adj./adv./介短介短1) I received many Christmas gifts, some of them books.2) The little girl entered the room, her face red.3) The game over, the audience clapped their hands.4) Toy in hand, the boy stopped crying.定义：由介词定义：由介词with加宾语再加宾补构成的短
30、语，在句中作状语。加宾语再加宾补构成的短语，在句中作状语。结构：结构：with+O+OC1)）没有任何人注意，我偷偷溜进了屋子。）没有任何人注意，我偷偷溜进了屋子。（with+O+V-ing）2）作业都做完了，汤姆就出去耍了。）作业都做完了，汤姆就出去耍了。（with+O+Vpp）3）有这么多作业要做，汤姆没有出去耍。）有这么多作业要做，汤姆没有出去耍。（with+O+ to do）4）我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。）我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。（with+O+adj.）5）灯亮着，我无法入睡。）灯亮着，我无法入睡。（with+O+adv.）6）天空乌云密布，很快就要下雨了。）天空乌云密布，很快就要下雨了。（w
31、ith+O+介短介短）定义：有些动词-ing形式作状语，在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,用来修饰主句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评注性状语/悬垂分词。结构：1）generally/strictly/frankly speaking（.说来）2） judging from（从/根据.判断）3）considering（考虑到.）4）supposing（假定.）5）providing （假定.如果.)Judging from his accent, he must be from the north.Exercise1) Generally _(speak), girls are more
32、careful than boys.2) With so many people _(look) at her, she felt nervous.3) _(consider) his limitations, he did a very good job.4) The rain _(stop), we went on marching.speakinglookingConsideringhaving stopped1 A:You look really _(tire). You should go home and have a rest. B:Yes,well,a five-hour op
33、eration is pretty _ (tire).2 A:Did you hear that Susan and Bob got married? B:Really? Thats the most _ (shock) news I have heard today.3 A: Harry you forgot to return my phone call last night! B:Oh,Im very sorry I went to sleep _ (listen) to music.4 A:How can you sit inside _ (play) games all day? I
34、snt there anything more important you can do with your time? B:Come on, Mum. Its a holiday.tiredtiringshockinglisteningplayingComplete the conversations with correct words.5 A:The museum was _(interest), wasnt it? B:It was great.I was quite _(interest) in those ancient pieces of jade.6 A:Are you sur
35、e this is the man you saw that night? B:Thats right. From my window,I saw him _(come) into the building. A:Did you hear a gunshot after that? B:No,but I heard people _(shout) downstairs. A:What did you see when you came down? B:I saw an injured man _(lie) on the floorinterestinginterestedcomingshout
36、inglyingEXAMPLEBecause I did not know anyone,I sat alone in myseat for two hours.Not knowing anyone,I sat alone in my seat for two hours.Although Joe was upset by the reporters words,he responded to his questions politely.Although upset by the reporters words, Joe responded to his questions politely
37、.1 As she was frightened by the noise, Amy turned on all the lights in the house.2 While they were driving along the freeway, they noticed a kangaroo standing in the middle of the road.3 After we watched the movie for ten minutes, we felt so bored that we decided to leave.4 As I came out of my house
38、,I saw the volcano erupting(爆发).5 After she turned fifteen,she became interested ia travelling.6 Because she didnt want to be late, Sally ran to the subway station.7. Tim was feeling tired, so he went to bed as soon as he got home.1 As she was frightened by the noise, Amy turned on all the lights in
39、 the house.2 While they were driving along the freeway, they noticed a kangaroo standing in the middle of the road.3 After we watched the movie for ten minutes, we felt so bored that we decided to leave.4 As I came out of my house,I saw the volcano erupting(爆发).5 After she turned fifteen,she became
40、interested ia travelling.6 Because she didnt want to be late, Sally ran to the subway station.7. Tim was feeling tired, so he went to bed as soon as he got home.watchingComingAfter turningNot wanting Feeling tiredCircle the correct word in each sentence.1. Jack stood in front of the class, completel
41、y forgetting /forgotten every word that he had prepared for his speech.2. Seeing/Seen the tennis star leaving the court, the girl quickly picked up her camera and ran over to him.3. They were very proud to see their son awarded/awarding the university scholarship.4. When asking/asked about their wor
42、k schedules, many people preferred more flexible work hours.5. John watched the woman talking/talked to the air, thinking/thought that she might be crazy.6. Impressed/Impressing with her fluent English, the manager offered Julie a job interview.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the word
43、s below. Then answer the question: What is the authors attitude towards the doctors?According to a recent survey, the _ of doctors believed their incomes did not match how hard they worked. The survey found that about 50 percent of the doctors were not satisfied with their working conditions, especi
44、ally those from hospitals in small towns.majorityclinic, complain, majority, staff, response, harm, physicianA _ working in a large public hospital often has to see 100 patients per day. The researchers conducting the survey concluded that if hospitals and _ serving the general public received more
45、support, it would help to keep their medical _ from leaving the profession, and therefore the public would continue to receive good health services.physicianclinicsclinic, complain, majority, staff, response, harm, physicianstaffIn _ to a question about tensions between doctors and patients, some re
46、spondents _ that misleading media reports about doctors have greatly _ society, causing the public to distrust medical workers.responsecomplainedharmedclinic, complain, majority, staff, response, harm, physicianWhat is the authors attitude towards the doctors?The author seems quite sympathetic and supportive of doctors.
