1、2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(B卷)*招生专业与代码：050205日语语言文学、050203法语语言文学考试科目名称及代码：241 基础英语考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。 Part I Cloze (10 points) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into
2、 the passage and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Brazil has _1_ to offer the visitor: 7,300 km of coastline, much of it empty, endless beaches; the planets biggest rainforest; an area of wetlands full of alligators and jaguars; colonial cities and spectacular waterfalls. The Bahia
3、 coast in north-east Brazil is a particularly attractive area _2_ tourism. Several luxury resorts have been built there. Recently a $170 million five-hotel _3_ at Sauipe opened. With its 18-hole golf _4_ and designer shops, Sauipe is hoping to attract rich, foreign visitors. The tourist industry _5_
4、 problems in the past _6_ high inflation which led to short-term planning. Hotels, _7_, are long-term investments, often with _8_ periods of over 15 years. If resorts such as Sauipe _9_ attract significant numbers of tourists, they have to solve several problems. _10_ a start, Brazil needs cheaper a
5、nd more frequent international air travel. Brazilian airlines have actually decreased the number of _11_ international flights in the past two years because of a currency _12_. Foreign visitors also demand a level of service _13_ needs lengthy training a considerable task for most of the resorts in
6、the northeast which do not have a _14_ population to provide suitable staff. The other big challenge for Sauipes managers is _15_ the social problems that other new resorts have caused, when large numbers of people have come from the interior in search _16_ jobs, quickly _17_slums. The resort _18_ t
7、o deal with these pressures by setting up courses in the surrounding villages for making handicrafts which will_19_at Sauipe and by organizing _20_ for local co-operatives to produce foodstuffs for the hotels. 1. A. everythingB. nothingC. anythingD. somehow2. A. toB. forC. with D. on3. A. complexity
8、 B. complicated C. complex D. compliment 4. A. course B. court C. pitch D. ground5. A. has B. have C. having D. had6. A. due B. because C. for D. because of7. A. however B. therefore C. because D. while 8. A. pay B. payback C. payoff D. paycheck9. A. go to B. are going to C. go for D. goes to10. A.
9、With B. On C. For D. To11. A. schedule B. scheduling C. scheduled D. to schedule12. A. boom B. infrastructure C. increasing D. devaluation13. A. that B. in that C. who D. what14. A. well-located B. well-educated C. well-designed D. well-done15. A. forget B. to forget C. avoid D. to avoid16. A. to B.
10、 at C. of D. on 17. A. create B. to create C. created D. creating18. A. is hoping B. hope C. hoped D. has hoped 19. A. sell B. be sold C. sold D. be selling20. A. believe B. belief C. credit D. moneyPart II Reading Comprehension Section A (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section.
11、Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.At the Kyoto conference
12、 on global warming in December 1997, it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain
13、 substances. The global challenges of the interlink between the environment and the development increasingly brings us to the core of the economic life of the states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer. Thes
14、e reductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and economies of states.Although the threat of global warming has been known to the worl
15、d for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal the problem, we also know that the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified(使无效，取消) if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has fo
16、und that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of CO2 in the atmosphere, this path is not feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous low-or-medium-income countries are not y
17、et willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses. In addition, the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of share
18、d vision and common responsibilities new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations, in imagining what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global warming effects of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical
19、diseases, especially where there had been none.21. The main purpose of this passage is to _ .A. analyze the problem of global warmingB. argue against making deep cuts in emissionsC. convince people that global warming is a real threatD. criticize some countries for refusing to cut down harmful emiss
20、ions22. The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming is that_ .A. not all countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissionsB. many people welcome the global warming effect of a warmer summerC. the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the pro
21、blemD. the world technology is not able to solve the problem23. In the passage the author implies that _ .A. the world has recently become aware of the threat of global warmingB. the problem of global warming has largely been solvedC. it is easy to work out international agreements to cut down harmf
22、ul emissionsD. it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environment24. According to the author, it is impossible at the present to cut 60% of carbon dioxide emissions globally because _ .A. some people are irresponsibleB. it would cause a collapse of the world economyC.
23、 it is only a goal to be reached in the futureD. some people are lacking in imagination25. What should all counties do to help solve the problem of global warming?A. They should hold another world conference on climate change.B. They should provide advanced technology.C. They should replace all the
24、harmful substances.D. They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Ramos was brilliant, handsome, wealthy, and one of Rio de Janeiros beautiful people. At age thirty-six, he was a permanent plastic surgeon who owned t
25、wo medical clinics. At parties, he met and talked to famous Hollywood movie personalities and sports stars. He seemed to be the perfect example of the good life. But by March of 1982, thirty-six-year-old Ramos was found in a Brazilian prison charged with eighteen crimes including armed robbery, drug
26、 smuggling, and murder. According to police, Ramos used his personal friendships with wealthy people to prepare for his crimes. He would attend the parties of his friends, inspect their houses carefully for valuables, draw diagrams of their homes, and then send in professional burglars to rob them.
27、His victims were jewel designer, diplomats, and wealthy social figures. Sometimes Ramos even stole things himself. One of his crimes was stealing an expensive watch from the famous soccer player, Pele. He also sold stolen cars and used two private airplanes to smuggle cocaine. In the fall of 1981, h
28、owever, the famous plastic surgeons double life came apart. He was arrested after an informant told the police that Ramos was involved in a series of the thefts. Ramos escaped by simply walking out the main door of the Rio de Janeiro police building, but police soon found the body his personal pilot
29、 and accused drug-smuggling partner in an old hotel. Police believed he was murdered for informing them about Ramos. Then Ramos hid with another of his accomplices, who was later found shot to death on an old county road. In less than a month, police managed to find Ramos was hiding in a run-down ne
30、ighborhood. When he was caught, he had a diamond ring worth over $90,000 in his jeans pocket. In later interviews, Ramos said he really didnt know he committed the crimes. He denied the murders, and his lawyers said he was insane. Perhaps one reason for Ramoss behavior could be found in his family h
31、istory. His grandfather had murdered six members of one family, and his father was accused of killing his mothers lover, but those charges were later dropped. Ramos seemed to escape that background by studying medicine and socializing with some of the most important people in Brazilian society. But
32、that wasnt enough.26. Which of the following descriptive adjectives can best be used to describe the personality of Ramos?A. Double-faced. B. Perfect. C. Beautiful D. Dissociated.27. What were the chief crimes that Ramos committed according to the passage?A. Smuggling, bribery and thefts.B. Robbery,
33、 pick-pocketing and spying.C. Burglary, smuggling and corruption.D. Smuggling, robbery, and murder.28. What kind of psychological background can probably best account for crimes Ramos committed?A. He was insane.B. He had some family murdering records.C. He was associated with some important figures
34、in the country.D. The article didnt give a clear answer to the question.29. In the sentence “Police believed he was murdered for informing them about Ramos” (Para.4), he may refer to _.A. Ramoss personal pilot. B. the accused drug-smuggling partnerC. Ramos himself D. Both A and B30. The best title f
35、or this passage should be _ .A. Being Wealthy Does Not Mean EverythingB. A Double-faced DoctorC. A Man with Complex Psychological BackgroundD. Doctor or Murderer, Smuggler?Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Amtrak(美国铁路客运公司)was experiencing a downswing in ridership along the lines
36、 comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly. At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxuriou
37、s, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and automobile became Americas standard of convenience. Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham
38、 was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the west. Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1) anxious fliers-those concerned with safety, relaxation, and
39、cleanliness and 2) travel-lovers-those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. I
40、t stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures. Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains (Empire Bu
41、ilder, etc.). These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its
42、 Chicago to Seattle route.31. Whats the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To show the inability of trains to compete with planes with respect to speed and convenience.B. To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication in changing consumer attitudes.C. To stress the influence of
43、 the automobile on Americas standard of convenience.D. To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market promotion.32. It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the fact that_ .A. trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportationB. tra
44、ins could not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenienceC. trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to beD. trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportation33. To encourage consumers to travel by train, DDB Needham emphasized_ .A. the freedom and convenienc
45、e provided by trainsB. the safety and cleanliness of train tripsC. the practical aspects of train travelD. the adventurous aspects of train trips34. The train ads were placed among family-oriented TV programs involving nature and America because_ .A. they could focus on meaningful travel experiences
46、B. their profits could be increased by some 15 percentC. they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programsD. most travel-lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences35. According to the passage, the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profits because_ .A. it was widely advertised in newspaper
