1、第1页共3 页三 峡 大 学2016年硕士研究生入学考试试题(A卷)科目代码： 894 科目名称： 外国语言学及应用语言学 考试时间为3小时，卷面总分为150分答案必须写在答题纸上I True or False statements：There are 10 statements. Please make decisions whether they are true or false (T for true and F for false) (10 points). 1. Pragmatics examines how meaning is encoded in a language. It
2、 is not only concerned with meanings of words as lexical items, but also with levels of language below the word and above it, e.g., meanings of morphemes and sentences. ( )2. Grammatical words are known as function words while lexical words are known as content words.( )3. Linguistically, sentence a
3、nd utterance are the same. ( )4. Socialinguistics studies psychological aspects of language. It usually studies the psychological states and mental activity associated with the use of language.( )5. Chomsky distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of li
4、nguistics (utterances) as “Langue and Parole”. ( )6. “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” indicates arbitrariness of language.( )7. Phonology studies human speech sounds including distinctive sounds, sound patterns and meaningful units.( )8. The word phoneme simply refers to a unit of exp
5、licit sound contrast: the existence of a minimal pair automatically grants phonemic status to the sounds responsible for the contrasts. ( )9. The systematic study of a sentence is a branch of linguistics called morphology. ( )10. Most people agree that Saussures work marked the beginning of the mode
6、rn linguistics.( )II. Multiple choices: There are 4 choices in each statement marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the most suitable for the statement (10 points). 1. Greeting of language is also called_function.a. phatic communion b. interpersonal c. emotive d. informative2. While_constitut
7、es the immediately accessible data, the linguists proper object is the _ of each community, the lexicon, grammar, and phonology implanted in each individual by his upbringing in society and on the basis of which he speaks and understands his language.a. pragmatics, semantics b. morphology, syntaxc.
8、parole, langue d. phonetics, phonology3. _ is the study of the sound patterns and sound systems of languages. It aims to discover the principles that govern the way sounds are organized in languages, and to explain the variations that occur. a. Phonology b. Phonetics c. Parole d. Psychology4. Faucon
9、nier & Turnerpropse discuss_theory, a cognitive operation whereby elements of two or more mental spaces are integrated via projection into a new, blended space which has its unique structure.a. acronym b. abbreviation c.back-formation d. blending5. _ may be defined as the requirement that the forms
10、of two or more words of specific word classes that stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another, shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category. a. Case b. Number c. Agreement d. Gender6. _ , in its restricted sense, refers to the process of how words are forme
11、d. It can be further divided into two sub-types: the compositional type and the derivational type. a. Compound b. Derivation c. Word-formation d. Noun 7. Mark Johnson proposes _. He defines it as a recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor programs that gives coherence and
12、structure to our experience.a. Image Schemas b. Imagination c.Inflation d. Blending8. _involves the comparison of two concepts in that one is construed in terms of the other.a. Metaphor b. Categorization c.Case d. Psychology9. _ is made up from the first letters of the name of an organizaiton, which
13、 has a heavily modified headword.a. Abbreviation b. Acronym c.Back-formation d. Blending10. Ideational function of language is also called_function.a. greeting b. interpersonal c. emotive d. referentialIII. Give a brief definition to the following ten terms (40 points).1. the Referential Theory; 2.
14、embedding; 3. microlinguistics; 4. sentence; 5. language; 6. interlanguage; 7. conversational implicature;8. recursiveness; 9. Cooperative Principle; 10. Sapir-Whorfs HypothesisIV. Briefly discuss the similarities (if theres any) and differences of the following linguistic pairs (40 points):1) illoc
15、utionary Act and perlocutionary Act2) Behaviouristic Theory and Functional Grammar3) competence and performance4) semantics and pragmatics5) China English and ChinglishV. Essay writing: you are expected to write a no less than 600 word long essay based on the following topic (50 points).Should Chinese learners of English take American English / British English as a standard or develop their own variety of English? Why?第 3 页
