1、First AidUnit 5While there is life，there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。单元主题语境人与社会人与社会 心心肺复肺复苏步骤苏步骤: 1.开放气道。开放气道。将患者置于平躺的仰卧将患者置于平躺的仰卧位位,昏昏迷的人常常会因迷的人常常会因舌后坠而造成起到气道堵舌后坠而造成起到气道堵塞塞,这这时施救人员要跪在患者身时施救人员要跪在患者身体的一体的一侧侧,一一手按住其额头向下手按住其额头向下压压,另另一手托起其下巴向上一手托起其下巴向上抬抬,标标准是下颌与耳垂的连线垂直于地平准是下颌与耳垂的连线垂直于地平线线,这这样就说明气样就说
2、明气道已经被打开道已经被打开。2.人工呼吸。人工呼吸。如患者无呼如患者无呼吸吸,立立即进行口对即进行口对口人工呼吸两口人工呼吸两次次,然然后摸颈动后摸颈动脉脉,如如果能感觉到搏果能感觉到搏动动,那那么仅么仅作人工呼吸即可。作人工呼吸即可。施救者一手捏住患者鼻施救者一手捏住患者鼻子子,大大口吸口吸气气,屏屏住住,迅迅速俯速俯身身,用用嘴包住患者的嘴包住患者的嘴嘴,快快速将气体吹入。速将气体吹入。与此同与此同时时,施施救者的眼睛需观察患者的胸廓是否因气体的灌入而救者的眼睛需观察患者的胸廓是否因气体的灌入而扩扩张张,气气吹完吹完后后,松松开捏着鼻子的开捏着鼻子的手手,让让气体呼气体呼出出, 这这样就
3、是样就是完成了一次呼吸过程。每分钟平均完成完成了一次呼吸过程。每分钟平均完成12次人工呼吸。次人工呼吸。3. 胸胸外心脏按压。外心脏按压。如果患者一开始就已经没有脉搏，或者如果患者一开始就已经没有脉搏，或者人工呼吸进行一分钟后还是没有触及，则需进行胸外心脏人工呼吸进行一分钟后还是没有触及，则需进行胸外心脏按压按压。方。方法：法：施救者先要找到按压的部位。施救者先要找到按压的部位。沿着最下缘的沿着最下缘的两侧肋骨从下往身体中间摸到交接点，叫剑突，以剑突为两侧肋骨从下往身体中间摸到交接点，叫剑突，以剑突为点向上在胸骨上定出两横指的位置，也就是胸骨的中下三点向上在胸骨上定出两横指的位置，也就是胸骨的
4、中下三分之一交界线处，这里就是实施点。分之一交界线处，这里就是实施点。施救者以一手叠放于施救者以一手叠放于另一手手背，十指交叉，将掌根部置于刚才找到的位置，另一手手背，十指交叉，将掌根部置于刚才找到的位置，依靠上半身的力量垂直向下压，胸骨的下陷距离约为依靠上半身的力量垂直向下压，胸骨的下陷距离约为4-5厘米，双手臂必须伸直，不能弯曲，压下后迅速抬起，频厘米，双手臂必须伸直，不能弯曲，压下后迅速抬起，频率控制在每分钟率控制在每分钟80-100次。次。4. 单单人施救和双人施救的比例。人施救和双人施救的比例。单人施救时，每做单人施救时，每做15次人工呼吸，就做两次次人工呼吸，就做两次胸外心脏按压；
5、双人施救，则是每做胸外心脏按压；双人施救，则是每做10次人工呼吸，就做两次胸外心脏按压次人工呼吸，就做两次胸外心脏按压。 停停止心肺复苏的指止心肺复苏的指证证: 在在施救的同时也要时刻观察患者的生命体征。触摸患者的手足，施救的同时也要时刻观察患者的生命体征。触摸患者的手足，若温度有若温度有所回升，则进一步触摸颈动脉，发现有搏动即可停止心肺复苏所回升，则进一步触摸颈动脉，发现有搏动即可停止心肺复苏，尽快把患者，尽快把患者送往医院进行进一步的治疗。送往医院进行进一步的治疗。 CPR CPR CPRmouth-to-mouth rescue breathing 口口对口人工呼吸对口人工呼吸do/pe
6、rform mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing 做做口对口人工呼口对口人工呼吸吸 海海姆利克急救姆利克急救法法 (1)3 3岁以下孩岁以下孩子子: : 救救护人应该马上把孩子抱起护人应该马上把孩子抱起来来, ,一一只手捏住孩子颧骨两只手捏住孩子颧骨两侧侧, ,手手臂贴着孩子的前臂贴着孩子的前胸胸, ,另另一只手一只手托住托住孩子后颈孩子后颈部部, ,让让其脸其脸朝朝下下, ,趴趴在救护人膝盖上。在孩子背上拍在救护人膝盖上。在孩子背上拍1515次次, ,并并观察孩子观察孩子是否将是否将异物异物吐出。吐出。 海海姆利克急救姆利克急救法法 (2)3 3岁以下孩岁以下孩子子
7、: : 如如果上述操作异物没出果上述操作异物没出来来, ,可可以采取另外以采取另外个姿个姿势势, ,把把孩子翻过孩子翻过来来, ,躺躺在坚硬的地面或床板在坚硬的地面或床板上上, ,抢抢救者跪下或立于其救者跪下或立于其足侧足侧, ,或或取坐取坐位位, ,并并使患儿骑在抢救者的大腿使患儿骑在抢救者的大腿上上, ,面面朝前。抢救者以两手的中指或食朝前。抢救者以两手的中指或食指指, ,放放在在患儿患儿胸廓下和脐上的腹胸廓下和脐上的腹部部, ,快快速向上重击压速向上重击压迫迫, ,但但要很轻柔。要很轻柔。重重复复, ,直直至异物排出。至异物排出。 海海姆利克急救姆利克急救法法(3)用于急救成用于急救成人
8、人: : 抢抢救者站在病人背救者站在病人背后后, ,用用两手臂环绕病人的腰两手臂环绕病人的腰部部, ,然然后一手握后一手握拳拳, ,将将拳头的拇指拳头的拇指一侧放在病一侧放在病人胸人胸廓廓下下和和脐脐上上的腹部。再用另一手抓住拳的腹部。再用另一手抓住拳头、快速向上重击压迫病人头、快速向上重击压迫病人的腹部。重复以上手法的腹部。重复以上手法直到直到异物排异物排出出。 海海姆利克急救姆利克急救法法(4)用于自用于自救救: : 稍稍稍弯下腰稍弯下腰去去, ,靠靠在一固定的水平物体在一固定的水平物体上上, ,以物以物体边缘压迫上腹体边缘压迫上腹部部, ,快快速向上冲击。重复速向上冲击。重复之之, ,直
9、直到到异物排出。异物排出。In a medical emergency what telephonenumber would you call? A. 110 B. 114 C. 120 D. 119 When you are carrying out rescue breathing, where do you check for a pulse? A. the neck B. the wrist C. the foot D. the chest When carrying out rescue breathing, how many times a minute should you bl
10、ow air into the victims mouth?A. 4 B. 8 C. 12 D. 20 Which person would you help first? A.Li Yan who has cut her foot on glass B.Xue Jin whose nose is bleeding C.Gao Yuan who is on the ground not breathing D.Wang Feng who has broken her arm How would you stop severe bleeding? A.cover the wound with p
11、lastic B. wash the wound C. do nothing as the bleeding will stop by itself D. put a bandage over the wound and then press on it What is first aid?First aid is the kind of help given to someone who suddenly _ or _ before a doctor comes. Dangerous accidents in our life a snake bitebleedinga sprained a
12、nklechokinga broken arma bloody nosePeriod OneReading and ThinkingComprehending语篇理解 精读精练 萃取文本精华读前清障 识记单词 快速顺畅阅读内容索引内容索引品句猜词品句猜词请预读下列课文原句，并猜测句中请预读下列课文原句，并猜测句中加加颜色颜色词汇词汇的意思。的意思。1.The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. _2.Your skin acts as a barrier against disease，toxins，
13、and the suns rays._3.You can get burnt by a variety of things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity，acids，or other chemicals. _4.These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. _5.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents._读 前 清 障识记单词 快速顺
14、畅阅读器官器官光线光线辐射辐射; 酸酸毫米毫米轻微的；较小的轻微的；较小的6.These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once. _7.Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. _8.Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. _9.If the v
15、ictim is suffering from second or third-degree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. _返 回受害者受害者织物；布料织物；布料松的松的紧急的紧急的Step 1Fast-reading1.What s the main idea of the passage?A.It s about the types of burns.B.It s about the symptoms of burns.C.It s about the burns and th
16、e first-aid treatment.D.It s about the treatment of burns.语 篇 理 解精读精练 萃取文本精华2.Read the passage and match the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1A.The three types of burnsPara.2 B.First-aid treatmentPara.3 C.The functions of the skinPara.4 D.The characteristics of burnsPara.5 E.How we get burnsStep 2C
17、areful-readingRead the passage carefully and choose the best answer.1.Which of the following is NOT the cause of burns?A.Steam and radiation.B.The moon.C.Fire and electricity.D.Hot liquids and chemicals.2.What are the characteristics of first-degree burns?A.Black and white and charred.B.Rough，red an
18、d swollen.C.Rough，red and dry.D.Dry，red and mildly swollen.3.Why should we place burns under cool running water?A.Because if not，the person will cry.B.Because cool water will prevent the burning process and reduce the pain and swelling.C.Because the burns are on the face.D.Because it will make the p
19、erson feel good.4.Which of the following first-aid treatments is RIGHT according to the passage?A.Take clothing off the burned area even though it is stuck to the burn.B.If burns are on the face，take him to the hospital at once.C.Dont apply oil to the injured areas.D.If the injuries are second-degre
20、e burns，it is unnecessary to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.5.If burns affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin，someone must .A.be sent to hospital at onceB.be placed on the floor and cool the burns immediatelyC.be undressed in order to cover the
21、 burned area with a clean，dry bandageD.be asked not to drink any waterStep 3Post-readingAfter reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.The skin is 1. essential part of your body which acts 2. a barrier against disease，toxins，and the suns rays.It also helps control your body temperatur
22、e，prevents your body 3. losing too much water，4._(warn) you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.The first and most important step in the 5. (treat) of burns is giving first aid.You can get 6. (burn) by a
23、 variety of things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity，acids，or other chemicals.Burns are divided into three types，which 7. (call) first-，second-，or third-degree burns,8. (depend) on the depth of skin damage.Different degree 9. (burn) can be treated 10. (different).Lets keep these t
24、hings in mind.anasfromwarnstreatmentburntare calleddependingburnsdifferentlyStep 4Sentence-learning1.As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.句式分析句式分析该句为复合句。该句为复合句。as引导引导 从句从句，表示，表示“正如正如；正像正像”；主句；主句是是 。自主翻译自主翻译_非限制性定语非限制性定语getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries正如你能
25、想象的，被烧伤可能导致非常严重的损伤。正如你能想象的，被烧伤可能导致非常严重的损伤。2.Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.句式分析句式分析本句是一个复合句，主句本句是一个复合句，主句是是 Remove any clothes；using scissors是现在分词短语作方式状语；是现在分词短语作方式状语；if necessary是状语从句是状语从句的的 形式形式；unless you see the fabric sticking
26、 to the burnt skin是是 状语状语从句。从句。自主翻译自主翻译_祈使句祈使句省略省略条件条件除非你看到布料粘在烧伤的皮肤上，否则都要把它脱掉，除非你看到布料粘在烧伤的皮肤上，否则都要把它脱掉，必要必要时可使用剪刀。时可使用剪刀。3.Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.句式分析句式分析此句是复合句，主句此句是复合句，主句是是 ；Applying oil to the injured areas是动名词短语是动名词短语作作 ，as引导引导 从句从句。自主翻译自主翻译_返 回Applying oil to the injured areas is a badidea主语主语原因原因状语状语在受伤面上抹油是一个坏主意，因为它会把热量保留在伤口里在受伤面上抹油是一个坏主意，因为它会把热量保留在伤口里，而且可能导致感染。而且可能导致感染。
