1、UNIT 3FOOD AND CULTURESection BLearning About Language Grammar1.Enable the students to master the usage of the past perfect tense and its passive voice.2.Enable the students to use the relevant grammar flexibly.AimsTask 1: Look at the two pairs of sentences，paying attention to the meaning and use of
2、 the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice. 1The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published. A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published. Activity 1时态：过去完成时时态：过去完成时语态：主动语态：主动结构：结构：had done动作：先发
3、生动作：先发生连接词连接词时态：一般过去时时态：一般过去时语态：被动语态：被动结构：结构：was/were done动作：动作：后后发生发生时态：过去完成时时态：过去完成时语态：语态：被动被动结构：结构：had been done动作：先发生动作：先发生时态：一般过去时时态：一般过去时语态：被动语态：被动结构：结构：was/were done动作：后发生动作：后发生Task 1: Look at the two pairs of sentences，paying attention to the meaning and use of the past perfect tense and the
4、 past perfect passive voice. 2They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them. Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them. Activity 1时态：过去完成时时态：过去完成时语态：主动语态：主动结构：结构：had done动作：先发生动作：先发生时态：一般过去时时态：一般过去时语态：主动语态：主动结构：结构：did动作：后发生动作：后发生时态：过去完成时时态：过去完成时语态：语态：被动被动结构：结构：had been
5、done动作：先发生动作：先发生时态：一般过去时时态：一般过去时语态：主动语态：主动结构：结构：did动作：后发生动作：后发生Task 2: Find more sentences using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice from this unit. Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with Chinese food that had been changed to suit Am
6、erican tastes. When my family and I had just arrived in China，we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend， and finally，we found it. .so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten. Activity 1一般过去时与过去完成
7、时的区别一般过去时与过去完成时的区别时态时态结构结构用法用法一般过去时过去完成时用法总结用法总结主动：did/was/were被动：was/were done动作发生在过去的某个时间主动：had done被动：had been done动作发生在过去的某个时间/动作之前Complete the two conversations with the correct forms of the words in the box using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice. Activity 2 arrive cance
8、l eat finish get taste tell 1Carol： you ever any Scottish food before your trip to St Andrews last year? Paul： No，not really. But I about haggis many times before we went there. Hadtasted had been told Complete the two conversations with the correct forms of the words in the box using the past perfe
9、ct tense or the past perfect passive voice. Activity 2 arrive cancel eat finish get taste tell Carol：Oh. Did you try it? Paul： Oh，yes! You know what? We late for supper that day， and so we just ate whatever was left in the university canteen. We our meal before we learnt we just haggis! Carol：My goo
10、dness! Paul：Well，it was not bad. I have to say. arrivedhad finishedhadeatenComplete the two conversations with the correct forms of the words in the box using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice. Activity 2 arrive cancel eat finish get taste tell 2Carol： When I got to the teahou
11、se yesterday，I found nobody there. _it ? Paul： Oh，Im so sorry that I forgot to tell you! The get-together was cancelled yesterday morning because Sally，the hostess， into a car accident. Carol： Oh，Im sorry to hear that. Hope Sally recovers soon! Hadbeen cancelled had got Complete the sentences with t
12、he correct forms of the given words.1 Entering the kitchen, I found that the pizza_ (just, transfer) into the oven.2 The cheesecake the cafeteria offered me the other day was the best I _(ever have).3 The chef said that the menu _(adjust)to suit local tastes. Thats why more and more customers were c
13、oming to the restaurant.Activity 3 had just been transferred had ever had had been adjusted Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given words.4 The nutritionists claimed that they _(discover) a new and nutritious type of food.5After she _(tell) about the online shop for vegetarians, s
14、he didnt go to the supermarket anymore.Activity 3 had discovered had been told Work in pairs. Choose one of these three situations，and make as many sentences as you can using the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice. Then make a conversation using these sentences. Activity 4 1 When
15、I set off for the cafeteria.I had just finished my homework. .I had ordered a taxi online. .the windows had been closed. . . the light had been switched off . Work in pairs. Choose one of these three situations，and make as many sentences as you can using the past perfect tense and the past perfect p
16、assive voice. Then make a conversation using these sentences. Activity 4 2 Before he went intothe chocolate factory.I had drunk too much soda pop. .I had eaten too much cake. .we had been given many samples. .I had been made very sick. Work in pairs. Choose one of these three situations，and make as
17、many sentences as you can using the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice. Then make a conversation using these sentences. Activity 4 3 By the time I arrived at the “insect” party. .the insects had all escaped.the insects had scattered everywhere in the room. .the insects had all bee
18、n collected in a bottle.the insects had been fried up for eating.Work in pairs. Choose one of these three situations，and make as many sentences as you can using the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice. Then make a conversation using these sentences. Activity 4 Sample Conversation A
19、：So，how did the “insect” party go? B：Oh，it was horrible! A：Why? What happened? B： Well，by the time I got there，the insects had all escaped and they had scattered everywhere in the room! A：Oh，no! So what did you do? B： We chased the insects down and before long they had all been collected in a bottle
20、. A：Then you cooked them? Work in pairs. Choose one of these three situations，and make as many sentences as you can using the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice. Then make a conversation using these sentences. Activity 4 Sample Conversation B： Yes，before long，they had been fried u
21、p for eating. But then we had another big problem. A：What? B： Well， after we had rounded up all the insects，we were all so tired and disgusted with handling them that no one wanted to eat them. A：So much for the “insect” party! B： But it had a happy ending. We ordered out for pizza and then sat down
22、 and watched a cool movie on the computer. A：Sounds great! 单元语法过去完成时及其被动语态1 过去完成时的概念、构成及基本用法（1）概念：）概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。（2）构成：）构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had+ 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。 （3）基本用法）基本用法 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前就已经发生或完成的动作。这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一过去时间可用by，before等构成的短语及when，before，after，by the time
23、等引导的时间状语从句表示。I had finished my homework before I had supper. 晚饭前我把家庭作业做完了。By the time we got there，they had set off for Beijing. 我们赶到那里时，他们已经出发去北京了。 表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for，since 构成的表示一段时间的短语或since 引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。When I saw him，he hadnt eaten anything for two days. 当我看到他时，他已经两天没吃
24、任何东西了。He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 2000. 他说自从2000 年以来他的家乡发生了巨大的变化。附：单元语法精讲精练附：单元语法精讲精练【误区警示误区警示】在含有after 或before 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，由于主句和从句的动作先后关系明显，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。We went to play basketball after we finished our homework. 做完家庭作业后我们就去打篮球了。Before he came，he discuss
25、ed it with the manager. 他来之前已经同经理讨论过那件事了。【学法点拨学法点拨】He had worked as a chef before he became a manager. 在成为一名经理之前，他做过大厨。词汇复现 He once worked as a chef，but now he is a manager. 他曾做过大厨，但现在他是一名经理。词汇复现 He has been a manager for years. 他当经理已经有几年了。 表示原计划或打算做某事而事实上没做。常用动词有：want， mean，plan，hope，suppose，expect
26、，intend 等。They had wanted to offer help but couldnt get there in time. 他们本来是要去帮忙的，但未能及时赶到那里。He had hoped to catch the 8：00 bus，but found it gone. 他原希望赶上8 点的公共汽车，却发现那趟车已经走了。 固定句式中的过去完成时。a. It/This/That was the first/second.time that sb. had done sth. 这是/ 那是某人第一次/ 第二次做某事。This was the second time that
27、the musician had toured Europe. 这是这位音乐家第二次在欧洲巡演。b. 用于hardly/scarcely.when，no sooner.than 句式中。注意：no sooner，hardly/scarcely 所在的主句通常用过去完成时，而than 和when 后的从句通常用一般过去时。The audience had hardly been seated when the saxophone solo started. 观众刚落座，萨克斯独奏就开始了。I had no sooner finished the work than the light went
28、out. 我刚完成工作，灯就熄灭了。【学法点拨学法点拨】这两个句式可以把hardly，no sooner 提到句首变成倒装句，时态 不变。Hardly had the audience been seated when the saxophone solo started. No sooner had I finished the work than the light went out. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句中的使用：wish/would rather/if only/as if/though 等。I wish I had not told her the truth last n
29、ight. 我真希望昨天晚上没有告诉她真相。I would rather I hadnt attended the party. 我宁愿没有参加这次聚会。He kept working as though nothing had happened. 他继续工作，好像什么都没有发生过。单句语法填空单句语法填空 （1）When the police arrived，the thieves （run）away. （2）The troops went to the forest in search of the pilot who （survive）the air crash. （3）We （pain
30、t）the house before we moved in. （4）By the time Jack returned home from England，his son （graduate）from college. （5）She said（that）she never （be）to Paris. （6）Our plan failed because we （make）a bad mistake. （7）Tom says he （read）the book twice. （8）When he was young，he （work） on the farm for three years.
31、had runhad survivedhad paintedhad graduatedhad beenhad made has readworked单句语法填空单句语法填空 （9）I （plan）to help you，but I was too busy. （10）Did you visit the Disneyland of Shanghai? I （intend）to，but I decided to stay with my sick mother at the last minute. （11）It was the first time that she （operate）a sew
32、ing machine. （12）This was the first time that I （meet）such difficult problems. （13）No sooner the film star （arrive）at the airport than he attracted peoples attention. （14）I would rather that I （junk）the bad eggs. had plannedhad intendedhad operatedhad methad arrived had junked完成句子完成句子（15）He （刚到家）whe
33、n it rained. （16）They （相爱5 年）before they got married. （17）They had studied the map of the country before they （动身前往）. （18）By the time I got to the station，the train （火车已经走了）. （19）During his stay in Xian，Jerry tried almost all the local foods _（他的朋友们推荐的）. （20）He once （在美国工作三年）. （21）We are surprised a
34、t what she （所做的）. （22） （我们本希望）that you would come，but you didnt. （23）It was the first time that he （遇到如此棘手的一个问题）. （24）They （刚开始工作） when the machine broke down. （25）I would rather （你昨天晚上举止得体了）. had just arrived homehad been in love for five yearsleft for ithad already gonehis friends had recommendedw
35、orked in the USA for three years has doneWe had hoped had met with such a tough/difficult problemhad just begun to workyou had behaved yourself last night2 过去完成时的被动语态（1）构成：）构成：had been done （2）用法：）用法： 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by，before 等引导的时间状语连用。A new agreement had been signed by the time we got t
36、here. 等我们到那儿的时候，一项新协议已经签署。 表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作， 常与for，since 引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks. 据报道，这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。 用在宾语从句中，常放在said，told，thought，wondered 等动词过去式的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的被动动作。The architect told us that the project had been complete
37、d. 那位建筑师告诉我们工程已经竣工了。 根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。He had to leave his house because it had been flooded. 他只好离开他的房子，因为他的房子已经被淹没了。阅读下面短文，体会理解过去完成时的用法（请注意斜体部分） My friend，Andrew，had lived in a foreign country for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had
38、planned to settle down in the countryside. He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather，for it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine，Andrew got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in Engla
39、nd before. In the end，it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the countryside. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Andrew made a big mistake because he had thought of everything except the weather. 我的朋友安德鲁在回到英国之前在国外住了很多年。他
40、常常梦想退休后到英国去，并打算在乡下安顿下来。他刚一回来就买了一栋房子住了进去。他几乎马上就开始抱怨起天气来，因为天气常常冷得厉害。经历这么多年的阳光明媚的天气，安德鲁受到了惊吓。他表现得好像他以前从未在英国住过似的。最后，他再也无法忍受了。他还没来得及安顿下来就卖掉了房子，离开了农村。他多年的梦想就此结束。安德鲁犯了一个大错误，因为他把一切都考虑到了，唯独没有考虑天气。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）All the tickets （sell）out when they arrived. （2）词汇复现By the time we got to the party， the cakes and
41、 fruit _（consume）. （3）The house （pick）up by the hurricane before they took measures. 完成句子完成句子（4）When we arrived at the hall， （已经没座位了） .（5）He said that （他的钱已经用完了）. （6）He （被警告多次），but it didnt work. had been soldhad been consumedhad been pickedall the seats had been takenhis money had been used uphad b
42、een warned many timesLanguage points核心词汇教材原句p.28.which have all contributed to centuries of cuisine development. 这些都为几个世纪以来烹饪的发展做出了贡献。1 contribute v. 贡献，捐献（尤指钱）；（给报纸、杂志等）投稿contribute to 向捐款；有助于；促成；为作出贡献contribute.to. 向捐款；向投稿He offered to contribute to the Red Cross. 他主动提出向红十字会捐款。Smoking too much con
43、tributed to his early death. 吸烟过多导致他早逝。contribute money to Red Cross 给红十字会捐款She contributes to several magazines. 她向好几家杂志投稿。搭配搭配题组练领悟方法【学法点拨学法点拨】contribute to 中的to 为介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语。“导致，引起”的其他表达：result in，bring about，lead to。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】make contributions/a contribution to 对作出贡献；向捐款Charlie Chaplin made
44、a great contribution to silent films. 查理卓别林对无声电影作出了很大的贡献。【一言辨异一言辨异】I will devote my whole life to scientific research，and make contributions to my country. 我将用我的一生从事科学研究，为我的祖国作出贡献。 单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Honesty and hard work contribute success and happiness. （2）As a middle school student，I advocate that we
45、 make some （contribution） to society. （3）I give a ten-dollar （contribute） to the church every Sunday. 完成句子完成句子（4）Eating too much sugar can （导致健康问题）. （5）We must （为作出贡献）the environment protection. （6）The company publicly apologized and agreed to （向捐钱）charity. tocontributionscontributioncontribute/ lea
46、d to health problemsmake a contribution to contribute some money to教材原句p.29 When I set o for the cafeteria.当我出发去自助餐厅的时候2 set off （1）出发，动身（常用于“set off for+ 地点”结构） Ill set off early to avoid the traffic. 我要早些出发以避开交通拥堵。I will set off for America tomorrow. 我明天将动身前往美国。（2）使（炸弹等）爆炸The children gathered in
47、the garden to set off fireworks. 孩子们聚集在花园里放烟花。（3）引发，激起News that the claims might be true set off widespread panic. 这种说法可能属实的消息引起了普遍的恐慌。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】set aside 把放到一边；省出，留出 set down 写下，记下（= write down/put down） set up 建起，竖起；建立，创立set out 出发，动身；陈述，阐明Some doctors advise setting aside some time each day for w
48、orry. 一些医生建议每天抽出一点时间思忧。Some scientists set out to discover a cure for the virus. 一些科学家开始寻找一种治愈这种病毒的方法。【用法比较用法比较】set about doing sth. = set out to do sth. 着手做某事He set about learning Chinese at age ten. =He set out to learn Chinese at age ten. 他十岁时开始学中文。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Well set tomorrow，weather permitt
49、ing. （2）He sets a little money each week. （3）The cab set us a long way from our hotel，and we had to walk. （4）A fund will be set for the dead mens families. （5）Make sure（that）you set every word she says. （6）On his arrival，he set about （read）English words. （7）We set out （paint）the whole house but fini
50、shed only the front part that day. 完成句子完成句子（8）I （刚要动身） when she dropped in. （9） （我们何时出发）hasnt been decided. （10）I have no idea （如何着手更换）a tyre on a car. offasidedownupdownreadingto paintwas about to set offWhen we will set offhow to set about changing/ set out to change重点句式 教材原句p.28 Well need ten mon
