1、GrammarPast Perfect & Past Perfect PassivePast Perfect & Past Perfect Passive 主动过去完成时与被动语态过去完成时 Discovering Useful Structures1. 课本链接：用括号里动词的适当形式填空。 When my family and I _just _(arrive) in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. A Sichuan restaurant _ (recommend) to us by a friend,
2、 and finally, we found it. Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was America, with Chinese food that _ (change) to suit American tastes. They _ (give) free beer, and so _ (not drink) the water from the pump.had arrivedhad been recommendedhad been givenhad not drunkhad bee
3、n changed Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes _ (destroy). Not only _the countries _ (find) a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they_ also _ (learn) that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. Upon hearing that she _
4、 (award) the prize, she said, “The honor is not just mine. There is a team behind me. .”had been destroyedhad foundhad learnedhad been awardedSummary: Summary: 当一个作谓语的动作（主动或被动）或状态在另一当一个作谓语的动作（主动或被动）或状态在另一个个过去时间、动作、状态之前过去时间、动作、状态之前发生、完成、存在时，发生、完成、存在时，用用_时。时。（主动或被动语态）过去完成一、主动语态过去完成时的构成：一、主动语态过去完成时的构成：
5、1. 肯定句：肯定句：had done (过去分词过去分词)2. 否定句：否定句：had not done (过去分词过去分词)3. 疑问句：疑问句：(Wh-) Had主语主语done (过去分词过去分词)？主动、被动语态主动、被动语态过去完成时过去完成时二、被动语态过去完成时的构成二、被动语态过去完成时的构成1. 肯定句：肯定句：had been done (过去分词过去分词)2. 否定句：否定句：had not been done (过去分词过去分词)3. 疑问句：疑问句：(Wh-) Had主语主语been done (过去分词过去分词)？三、主动和被动语态过去完成时的用法：三、主动和被动
6、语态过去完成时的用法：1. 表示一个动作或状态表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间、动作或状态在过去某一时间、动作或状态之前之前发生、完成或结束。这一过去时间、动作或状发生、完成或结束。这一过去时间、动作或状态通过以下方式来表示：态通过以下方式来表示：(1) 常通过主句的谓语动词常通过主句的谓语动词一般过去式或过去进行时来一般过去式或过去进行时来表示表示：knew, said, asked, told, realized,found, discovered, thought, remembered, forgot, was wondering 等。等。 过去完成时用于定语从句或宾语从句中，过去完成
7、时用于定语从句或宾语从句中，如：如： Bob asked John whether he _ (be) a thief and _ just _(come) out of prison. They said/insisted that their camel _ (steal) by the Arab . She was wondering who _ (leave) the door open. The girl was reminded that her homework _ (not hand) in. She found the key that she _ (lose) / that
8、 _(lose).had beenhad come had been stolenhad losthad lefthad not been handedhad been lost(2) 用用by, before, after, when, as soon as, until, hardlywhen (一一.就就), no sooner than (一一.就就)等等引导的时间状语或从句、或其主句来表示。引导的时间状语或从句、或其主句来表示。 Before/By daybreak/dawn/twelve oclock/that time/then, they _(cover) half the d
9、istance. By nighttime very little progress _ (make). By the end of the day we _ (sell) over 2,000 tickets. By the time the doctor arrived, the patient _ (die).had soldhad diedhad coveredhad been made When/After I _ (get) home, the children went to bed. （先到家，后就寝）（先到家，后就寝） When we got home, the childr
10、en _ (go) to bed. （先就寝，后到家）（先就寝，后到家） =Before we got home, the children _ (go) to bed.（先就寝，后到家）（先就寝，后到家）=Before we _ (get) home, the children went to bed. （先就寝，后到家）（先就寝，后到家）He _ almost/nearly _(knock) me down before/when he saw me. had got(had) gothad knocked(had) gothad gotI _ just _ (go) to bed whe
11、n the phone rang. I _ hardly/scarcely _ (enter) the classroom when the class began. = I _ no sooner _ (enter) the classroom than the class began. As soon as he _ (arrive), he gave us a phone call. How many buildings _ (destroy) when the earthquake ended? had gone enteredhad entered(had) arrivedhad h
12、ad been destroyed(3)通过其它上下文来表示。通过其它上下文来表示。That morning Carol didnt feel well. She _ (catch) a bad cold.The office was quiet. Everyone _ (go) home. I was unlucky that year, because it was the third time that I _(become) out of work.The earthquake _ (predict) several days before.had caughthad gone had
13、 become had been predicted 2. 表示一个延续性动作或状态在过去某一时间之前开表示一个延续性动作或状态在过去某一时间之前开始，始， 一直延续到这一过去时间（通过一直延续到这一过去时间（通过上述上述1的三种方的三种方式表现）式表现），并有继续延续下去的可能性。，并有继续延续下去的可能性。常与常与for, since表示一段时间的状语连用表示一段时间的状语连用 By six oclock they _ (work) / the work _ (do) for twelve hours. She said that much progress_ (make) since s
14、he came here.had worked had been made had been done Since her childhood she _ (want) to work with animals in their own environment. He looked pale. He _ (be) ill for some time. Compare:He looks pale. He _ (be) ill for some time. (He said) It had been fifteen years since his sister had left. =(He sai
15、d) It was fifteen years since his sister left. （他说）自从他妹妹已经离开有十五年了。（他说）自从他妹妹已经离开有十五年了。had wanted had been had been 3. hope, expect, think, mean, intend, suppose, want, plan等动词的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、等动词的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、意图或打算。希望、意图或打算。 They _ (want) to help but couldnt get here in time. We _ (hope) that
16、 you would be able to visit us. We _ (hope) to catch the 9:30 train, but found it was gone.had wanted had hoped had hoped 4. 在时间和条件状语从句中表示过去将完成的动作，用在时间和条件状语从句中表示过去将完成的动作，用过去完成时或一般过去式代替过去完成时或一般过去式代替过去将来完成时过去将来完成时。 (He said) The plane would take off as soon as it _ (stop) raining. She didnt go to bed
17、until she _ (finish) her work / her work _ (finish).He didnt expect any danger until he _ (reach) the bridge. =He _ (expect) any danger until he reached the bridge. (had) stopped (had) finished (had) reached had not expected had been finished /was finished 四、四、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：1 . 过去完成时
18、表示过去完成时表示过去之前过去之前发生、存在或完成（过去发生、存在或完成（过去的过去）；一般过去时表示的过去）；一般过去时表示过去过去发生、存在或完成的发生、存在或完成的动作或状态动作或状态, 虽然两者都可与某一具体的过去时间状虽然两者都可与某一具体的过去时间状语连用。语连用。 He _ (break) his glasses yesterday. He told me that he _ (break) his glasses yesterday. （只存在直接引语中）（只存在直接引语中）But we cant say: He had broken his glasses yesterday
19、.broke had broken 2. 过去完成时和一般过去时都可以与具体的过去时过去完成时和一般过去时都可以与具体的过去时间连用，间连用， 但侧重点不同。但侧重点不同。 I had done the work at six oclock. I did the work at six oclock. (六点时已经完成六点时已经完成)(六点时做的六点时做的)3. 从句中含有时间或原因状语从句时，这些状语从句常从句中含有时间或原因状语从句时，这些状语从句常用一般过去式代替过去完成时。用一般过去式代替过去完成时。 He told me that somebody had phoned when I
20、 was out. They were quarrelling about the debts (that) their father had left them when he died. He said that Jack had been sent to prison because he (had) robbed the bank.4. 两个或两个以上的动作按时间顺序发生，两个或两个以上的动作按时间顺序发生， 并用并用and, or或或 but连接，连接， 都用一般过去式。都用一般过去式。 He lost his pen but found it later. Tom finished
21、 the paper and handed it in.Compare:Helen _ (leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ (come) home.had left came 1. Fill in each blank with the verb in its proper form. It was ten oclock in the evening. Peter _ (sit) on his sofa and thought about the day. What a busy day i
22、t _ (be). This was his first night in his own flat. He _ (live) his entire life in the family home, and now for the first time, he _ (be) on his own. He sat _ (surround) by boxes that they _ (manage) to unpack during the day. It _ (take) months to get all his things together. His mother _ (be) very
23、generous, _ (buy) him things like towels and mugs. He _ (go) into the kitchen and _ (make) a sandwich. He suddenly _ (feel) very tired and yawned. No wonder he _(be) tired! He _ (be) up since six oclock in the morning. He _ (decide) to eat his sandwich and go to bed. But he didnt get there1. Fill in
24、 each blank with the verb in its proper form. It was ten oclock in the evening. Peter _ (sit) on his sofa and thought about the day. What a busy day it _ (be). This was his first night in his own flat. He _ (live) his entire life in the family home, and now for the first time, he _ (be)sathad beenha
25、d livedwas on his own. He sat _ (surround) by boxes that they _ (manage) to unpack during the day. It _ (take) months to get all his things together. His mother _ (be) very generous, _ (buy) him things like towels and mugs. surroundedhad managedhad takenhad beenbuying He _ (go) into the kitchen and
26、_ (make) a sandwich. He suddenly _ (feel) very tired and yawned. No wonder he _(be) tired! He _ (be) up since six oclock in the morning. He _ (decide) to eat his sandwich and go to bed. But he didnt get therewentmadefeltwashad beendecided2.Fill in each blank with the verb in its proper form. My old
27、friend, Harrison, _ (live) in the Mediterranean for many years before he _ (return) to England. He _ often _ (dream) of retiring in England and _ (plan) to settle down in the country. He _ no sooner _ (return) than he _ (buy) a house and _ (go) to live there. Almost immediately he _ (begin) to compl
28、ain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it _ (rain) continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he _ never _ (live) in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He _ hardly _ (have) time to se
29、ttle down when he _ (sell) the house and _(leave) the country. The dream he _ (have) for so many years ended there. Harrison _ (think) of everything except the weather .2. Fill in each blank with the verb in its proper form. My old friend, Harrison, _ (live) in the Mediterranean for many years befor
30、e he _ (return) to England. He _ often _ (dream) of retiring in England and _ (plan) to settle down in the country. He _ no sooner _ (return) than he _ (buy) a house and _ (go) to livehad livedreturnedhad dreamedhad plannedhadreturnedboughtwent there. Almost immediately he _ (begin) to complain abou
31、t the weather, for even though it was still summer, it _ (rain) continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he _ never _ (live) in England before. In the end, it was more than hebeganrainedhadlived could bear. He _ hardly _ (have)
32、 time to settle down when he _ (sell) the house and _(leave) the country. The dream he _ (have) for so many years ended there. Harrison _ (think) of everything except the weather.hadhadsoldlefthad hadhad thought3. Fill in each blank with the proper form of the verb given. One of the most famous monu
33、ments (纪念纪念碑碑) in the world, the Statue (雕像雕像) of Liberty (自由自由), _ (present赠送赠送) to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. The great statue, which _ (design) by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years _ (complete). The actual figure (人像人像) was made of
34、 copper _ (support) by a metal framework (框架框架) which _ specially _ (construct) by Eiffel. Before it could _ (transport) to the United States, a site(场址场址) had to _ (find) for it and a pedestal (座基座基) had to _ (build). The site _ (choose) was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour. By 1884, a
35、 statue which was 151 feet tall _ (erect) in Paris. The following year, it _(take) to pieces and _(send) to America. By the end of October 1886, the statue _(put) together again and it _ officially_ (present) to the American people by Bartholdi. Ever since then, the great monument _ (be) a symbol(象征
36、象征) of liberty for the millions of people who _ (pass) through New York harbour to make their homes in America.4. Fill in each blank with the proper form of the verb given. One of the most famous monuments (纪念碑纪念碑) in the world, the Statue (雕像雕像) of Liberty (自由自由), _ (present赠送赠送) to the United Stat
37、es of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. The great statue, which _ (design) by the sculptorwas presentedwas designed Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years _ (complete). The actual figure (人像人像) was made of copper _ (support) by a metal framework (框架框架) which _ specially _ (constr
38、uct) by Eiffel. Before it could _ (transport) to the United States, a site(场址场址) had to _(find) for it and a pedestal (座基座基) had to _to completesupportedhad beenconstructedbe transportedbe foundbe built (build). The site _ (choose) was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour. By 1884, a statue
39、 which was 151 feet tall _ (erect) in Paris. The following year, it _(take) to pieces and _(send) to America. By the end of October 1886, the statue _(put) together again and it _ officially_chosenhad been erectedwas takensenthad been putwaspresented (present) to the American people by Bartholdi. Ev
40、er since then, the great monument _(be) a symbol (象象征征) of liberty for the millions of people who _ (pass) through New York harbour to make their homes in America.has beenhave passed5. 单句语法填空The earthquake _ (predict) several days before.The device_ (use) operationally some months previously.Our cla
41、ssroom_ (clean)You neednt clean it now.The child _ (take) care of by grandma all these years.has been takenhad been predictedhad been usedhas been cleaned5. Fill in each blank with the proper form of the verb given.1I surfed the net and_(see) an online advertisement，so I sent an email，saying that I
42、wanted the job.2The universities in Britain _ (take) in many students from China and other Asian countries over the past few years.3The interviewer was interested in the grades I _(get) in the exams.sawhave takenhad got4By the time we got a report，the firemen _ (put) out the fire in the bar already.
43、5Well have to wait in line.The fast-food restaurant_(be) short-handed for weeks.6She _(want) to help you but she had no time then.7All the film tickets _(sell) out when I got to the cinema.had puthas beenhad wantedhad been sold8The wallet _(wrap) up in newspaper and it contained half the money he ha
44、d lost.9By the end of that day，most of the inhabitants _(leave) their homes.10It was the third time that he _(make) the same mistake.had madehad been wrappedhad left6. Complete each sentence according to the Chinese above.1她告诉我她当空中乘务员好几年了。She told me that _for quite a few years.2她说她已来过上海。She said th
45、at _ Shanghai.3我们到日本前学过一点日语。We _ before we came to Japan.had studied a little Japaneseshe had been an air hostessshe had been to4我不想看那部戏剧，因为我已经看过了。I didnt want to see the play because_5到上学期末，我们已读了十篇短篇小说。By the end of last term _6这是他第一次输掉比赛。It was the first time _ we had read ten short storiesI had a
46、lready seen ithe had lost the game7投资黄金一直被认为是万无一失的赚钱方法。Investment in gold _ a sure route to make money. 8经过短暂的步行，我们到达尸体被人发现的地方。After a short walk，we arrived at the place where _ . the body had been foundhas been seen as9然而，几天之后，有人告诉他说弄错了。However，a few days later，he was told that _10我半夜回来时，她还没有做完工作。W
47、hen I came back at midnight _.she still hadnt finished the worka mistake had been madeP29 2. Complete the two conversations with the correct forms of the words in the box using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice.arrive, cancel, eat, finish, get, taste, tell1. Carol: _ you ever
48、_ any Scottish food before your trip to St. Andrews last year? Paul: No, not really. But I _ about haggis many times before we went there. Carol: OhDid you try it? Paul: Oh, yes! You know what? We _ late for supper that day, and so we just ate whatever was left in the university canteen.We _ our mea
49、l before we learnt we _ just _ haggis! Carol: My goodness! Paul: Well, it was not bad. I have to sayarrive, cancel, eat, finish, get, taste, tellHadtastedhad been toldarrivedhad finishedhadeaten2. Carol: When I got to the teahouse yesterday, I found nobody there. _ it _? Paul: Oh, Im so sorry that I
50、 forgot to tell you! The get- together was canceled yesterday morning because Sally, the hostess, _ into a car accident. Carol: Oh, Im sorry to hear that. Hope Sally recovers soon!Hadbeen canceledhad gotarrive, cancel, eat, finish, get, taste, tellP34 2. Read the conversations which take place in re
