1、动 词 不 定 式动 词 不 定 式infinitives不定式不定式:是一种是一种非谓语动词非谓语动词。1.非谓语动词非谓语动词:是指那些在句中是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语的动词，的动词，2.动词不定式在句中可以作句子动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外除谓语之外的任何的任何句子成分句子成分。3.动词不定式的动词不定式的被动形式被动形式除了一般形式外还有其除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式完成式和进行式。不定式的定义不定式的定义: :找出谓语和非谓语找出谓语和非谓语1. To improve my English, I decide to learn grammar att
2、entively. 2. Going to bed early and getting up early is beneficial to our health. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks beautiful.4. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster
3、word production rate. 不定式的形式不定式的形式: :一一.基本形式： to+to+动词原形动词原形 二二. .其否定形式是其否定形式是: :“not/never to donot/never to do”/not do./not do.三三. .不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。没有人称和数的变化。主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to ha
4、ve been doing-举办2022年冬季奥运会是我们国家巨大的荣幸。To host the 2022 Winter Olympics is a great honor for our country.判断下列不定式在句中作何成分判断下列不定式在句中作何成分习近平主席决定宣布冬奥会开幕。President Xi decided to declare the 2022 Winter Olympics open.Everyone seemed to be satisfied with the opening ceremony of 2022 Winter Olympics.每个人似乎都对这次的
5、开幕式很满意。The Beijing Winter Olmpics will open on February 4,2022, which will feature 7 sports, 15 disciplines and 109 events.In the following 16 days, there will be 109 events to be enjoyed.在接下来的16天里，我们将看到109个精彩的项目。To win the competition, the competitors have to practice hard day and night.为了赢得比赛，运动员们
6、不得不没日没夜地练习。 回归课本回归课本1. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.2. During the Middle ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.3. In this work, Monets aim was to convey the light and movement in
7、the scene.4. What they attempted to do was no longer (to) show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art”?不定式作表语不定式作表语_What is a predicative? 表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句来充当，是指说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句，常位于系动词之后 example sentences: She looks much younger in her red dress. They seem to hav
8、e misunderstood me. The meat will stay fresh for several days in the fridge. He never keeps angry for a long time. 系动词分为五种 1、状态系动词 用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,而且主语不同，be的形式也不同，且有时态的变化。这是我们最常见的系动词。 She is very beautiful. 她非常漂亮。 2、持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand等 He always kept sil
9、ent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。3、感官动词感官动词主要有feel,sound,seem, smell, sound, taste,appear, look等 He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 It sounds to me as though theres a tap running somewhere. 我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。 She felt as if her head were splitting. 她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。 The river appeared as if enveloped in smog. 那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。
10、4、变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 5、终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达证实,变成之意. The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。 His plan turned out a su
11、ccess. 他的计划终于成功了。 不定式充当表语不定式充当表语表主动表主动表将来表将来动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语)作表语的作表语的意义意义讨论归纳一：讨论归纳一：主语是以主语是以_ , _, aim, duty, suggestion, duty, hope, idea, intention, plan等为中心的等为中心的名词词组时，或以名词词组时，或以what引导的名词性从句，一般用动词不引导的名词性从句，一般用动词不定式作表语表示其内容定式作表语表示其内容。1. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at
12、the development of Western painting over the centuries.2. During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. 动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语)作表语的用法作表语的用法讨论归纳二：动词不定式在表语中表示讨论归纳二：动词不定式在表语中表示_。The next step is to make sure that you know what is needed.1.To be kind to the enemy is
13、 to be cruel to the people.2.To learn a language is to use it.讨论归纳三：主语是不定式时，表语往往是讨论归纳三：主语是不定式时，表语往往是_ _。 前是条件，后是结果。前是条件，后是结果。1.The problem was how to begin.2.Where to go tomorrow has not been decided.3. He has to learn how to use this machine. 讨论归纳四：讨论归纳四：疑问词疑问词+ to do 结构，在句中可作结构，在句中可作_。1.Who is to
14、blame for the fire. 2.Something is still to find out.讨论归纳五：讨论归纳五：动词不定式作表语时，可用动词不定式作表语时，可用_ _形式表示被动意义。形式表示被动意义。1. all作主句主语作主句主语,其后的定语从句中含有其后的定语从句中含有实义动词实义动词do的某种形式的某种形式时。时。All we need to do is live each day with hope.2.what引导的从句作主语引导的从句作主语,从句中含有从句中含有实义动词实义动词do的某种形式的某种形式时。时。 What I want to do is take
15、a holiday right away.3.(主句主句)主语被主语被only, first, one, least或形容词最高级修饰或形容词最高级修饰, 且其后作且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词实义动词do的某种形式的某种形式时。时。 In the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper.动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语)作表语省略作表语省略to的情况的情况1.动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语)和和v-ing(短语短语)作表语时作表语时,要注意与句子的主语在要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致形式上保持一
16、致,即若句子的主语为即若句子的主语为v-ing(短语短语)， 则表语也应使用则表语也应使用ving(短语短语)；若主语为动词不定式；若主语为动词不定式(短语短语),则表语也应使用动词不定则表语也应使用动词不定式式(短语短语)。eg: To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。眼见为实。四四. 动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语)作表语和作表语和v-ing (短语短语)作表语的区别。作表语的区别。2.动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语)和和v-ing(短语短语)作表语时可换用作表语时可换用,但以下情况除外但以下情况除外:(1)当动词所表达的是当动
17、词所表达的是某一特定的行为某一特定的行为,尤其是将来的行为或有待于尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为实现的行为时时,通常用通常用动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语)作表语作表语。 Her best wish is to put her new ideas into practice.(2)若动词所表达的并不强调动作若动词所表达的并不强调动作,而是而是表示主语的内容，则通常用表示主语的内容，则通常用v-ing(短语短语)作表语。作表语。My favorite sport is swimming.What I hate most is being laughed at.一一. 动词不定式动词不定式(短
18、语短语)的的结构结构。二二. 动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语)作表语的作表语的意义。意义。三三. 动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语)作表语的作表语的用法用法。动词不定式（短语）作表语省略动词不定式（短语）作表语省略to的情况：的情况：四四. 动词不定式动词不定式(短语短语)作表语和作表语和v-ing (短语短语)作表语的区别。作表语的区别。all, what, only, first, one, least或形容词最高级修饰或形容词最高级修饰1.主语是以主语是以the best way to do , purpose, aim, duty, suggestion, duty, hope, ide
19、a, intention, plan等为中心的名词词组时，或以等为中心的名词词组时，或以what引导的名词性从句，一般用引导的名词性从句，一般用动词不定式作表语表示其内容动词不定式作表语表示其内容。2.动词不定式在表语中动词不定式在表语中表示目的。3.主语是不定式时，表语往往是不定式。主语是不定式时，表语往往是不定式。4.疑问词疑问词+ to do 结构，在句中可作主宾表结构，在句中可作主宾表。5.动词不定式作表语时，可用动词不定式作表语时，可用主动形式表示被动意义。形式表示被动意义。Match the sentence halves and underline the key words o
20、f the subject in each sentence. 1 The young singers intention of performing the song was2 The best way to do business is 3 What the survivors attempted to do wasA. to build trust between you and your client.B to achieve permanent peace between their two countries.C. to build a memorial to the heroes
21、 who saved their lives.D. to share his love for rock music with his fans.adj.永久的永久的;长久的长久的adj.纪念的纪念的n.纪念碑纪念碑;纪念品纪念品4 The main purpose of art education in schools is5 The aim of the two leaders at the conference was6 For a humble person, one of the hardest things might be7 When you are faced with a s
22、erious decision, my suggestion is8 The mother believes her duty is9 All he wanted after a tiring day wasB to achieve permanent peace between their two countries.E. to be left alone.F. to criticize other people.G. to inspire students to be creative.H. to listen to your own inner voice.I. to raise her
23、 son to become a man with a noble mind and a generous heart.adj.谦逊的谦逊的;虚心的虚心的v.批评批评;评价评价3. Medical experts say the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease is for people _(wash) their hands with soap and water.4. The next step is _ sure that you know exactly what is required. 5. The purpo
24、se of education is _ (develop) a fine personality in children.to wash to make to develop 1. The motto of the little boy who was suffering from a muscle disease was _ (live) one day at a time. 2. It is you, including your cousin, that _ (blame) for the loss of the golden chance. to live are to blame1
25、. My chief end is _and my people. 我的首要目标是为国为民服务。我的首要目标是为国为民服务。2. Kurz says the aim is _or sneezing on others and infecting them. 库尔茨说库尔茨说, 目标是为了防止人们朝着他人咳嗽或打喷嚏并感染他人。目标是为了防止人们朝着他人咳嗽或打喷嚏并感染他人。3. The best way to accomplish this goal is _. 实现这一目标的最好办法是尽量多团结人。实现这一目标的最好办法是尽量多团结人。4.Their purpose _and a strong economy. 他们的目的是要建立一个公平的社会和一个强大的经济体。他们的目的是要建立一个公平的社会和一个强大的经济体。to serve my countryto prevent people coughingto unite as many people as possibleis to build a fair society
