1、Unit4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGEVocabulary (1) Jan van der Borght, a Belgian resident in Shanghai, says Chinas approach to tackling the COVID-19 outbreak is in stark contrast to those taken by many other countries. One thing from the current situation in Shanghai that is clear, however, is the beauty of
2、the human spirit in times of adversity, says Van der Borght, who has been living in the city for about 18 years. Among the best examples of this, he adds, is the coming together of the residents of his compound to help one another overcome the shortage of supplies.adversity / dvsti /n. 困境；逆境adversea
3、dj. 不利的；逆向的；有害的不利的；逆向的；有害的adversely adv. 不利地in adversity在逆境中e.g.Dirt and disease are adverse to the best growth of children.肮脏与疾病对儿童健康成长不利。The result is adverse to his wishes.结果和他的愿望相反。He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。Hardship disposes man to meet adversity.艰苦能让人适应逆境。His struggle with adversity i
4、s fruitless.他徒与不幸挣扎而毫无结果。A genuine friend will not desert you in time of adversity.真正的朋友不会在患难时弃你而去。It is wise even in adversity to listen to reason.灾难中听从理性的召唤也是明智的。Friendship fades away between red lanterns and green wine, but it blooms in misfortune and adversity.友谊常在珠光宝气和灯红洒绿之间顿萎，却在不幸和灾难频衍的境界开花。Ad
5、versity is mans true touchstone.逆境是人真正的试金石。 Villagers work at a badminton shuttle production workshop of a feather processing enterprise in March in Shucheng county, Luan. Chen, a Hongdang villager, is responsible for quality control. Her husband works in a city far from home, and she stays in the v
6、illage to take care of her son, a middle-school student. With a monthly wage of nearly 4,000 yuan, Chen said she is satisfied with her work and family arrangement.wage / wed/ n. 工资income, pay, wage 与与 salary 1.从含义上看：income 指“收入”，可指挣来的收入，也可指非挣来的收入(如存款利息)；salary 与 wage 两者都指“工资”、“薪水”，在含义上这是两个互补的词，前者多指脑
7、力劳动者的工资，通常按月或年发放，而后者多指体力劳动者的工资，通常按周、日或小时付给，多用复数形式；pay 则主要指因工作或劳动所获得的报酬，可包括 salary 和 wage。如：Have you any income besides your pay? 你除了工资外还有别的什么收入吗?A postmans wages are 180 per week. 邮递员的工资为每周 180 英镑。We expect a fair days wage for a fair days work. 我们希望做好一天的工作就得到一天应得的工资。This company is offering a salar
8、y of $ 50 000 per year. 这家公司的年薪为 50 000 美元。注：从可数性来看，income 和 salary 根据情况可用作可数或不可数名词，wage 通常用复数形式，但也可用单数形式，而 pay 通常只用作不可数名词。2. 表示“收入”或“工资”的高低，根据情况可用 large, high, good,big, small, low, bad 等形容词修饰，一般不用 much, little。如：He has a large high salary. 他薪水很高。Wages are high (low) in that country. 那个国家工资高(低)。Her
9、 father earns a large (small) income. 她父亲收入高(低)。注：在提问时，可用 how much。如：How much salary does the job pay? 这工作有多少薪水? Xu Mengtao of China celebrates after the freestyle skiing womens aerials final of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics at Genting Snow Park in Zhangjiakou, North Chinas Hebei province, Feb 14, 20
10、22. There will be no fragrant plum blossoms without freezing cold weather.President Xi Jinping has quoted this line from a poem of the Tang Dynasty (618-907) to encourage athletes to train hard to achieve good results in the ongoing Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. The Chinese share a particular fondne
11、ss for plum blossoms because they bloom in the winter when almost all other plants wither in the bitter cold. They admire the flower for its perseverance and tenacity in the face of adversity.bitter adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的dv.dv. 激烈地；极其激烈地；极其vt.vt. 使变苦使变苦n. n. 苦涩；苦酒；苦的东西苦涩；苦酒；苦的东西用作形容词用作形容词 (adj.)The me
12、dicine has a bitter taste.这药有苦味。The defeat was a bitter pill to swallow.那次失败是一次难以吞咽的苦果。She wept bitter tears over the loss of her lover.她为失去了她的情人而流下痛苦的眼泪。Her voice took on a sudden bitter note.她的声音带着一股出意料的辛酸语气。His story brought back our bitter past .他的事使我们想起辛酸的往事。The bitter quarrel ended their frien
13、dship.那场激烈的争吵结束了他的友谊。用作用作副词副词 (adv.)He is bitter in his condemnation of terrorism.他言辞激烈地谴责恐怖主义。It has stopped snowing, but theres a bitter cold wind.已经停止下雪啦,不过,还刮着刺骨的寒风。用作用作及物动词及物动词 (vt.)Green tea, unlike black tea, has not been oxidized and can easily turn bitter if not made properly.绿茶与红茶不同，没有经过发酵
14、氧化，如果处理不当很容易发涩变苦。The star is called Wormwood, and a third of the waters was turned into wormwood and many people died because of the water which had turned bitter.于是水的三分之一变成苦的，许多人因水变苦了而死去。用作名词用作名词 (n.)He has tasted the sweets and bitters of life.他已尝遍了人生的甜酸苦辣。A pint of bitter, please.请来一品脱苦啤酒。sour ad
15、j.酸的sweet adj.甜的acid n.酸；酸类；酸味物； adj.酸的；酸性的；酸味的；尖刻的；刻薄的；fierce adj. 强烈的；凶猛的；酷烈的强烈的；凶猛的；酷烈的harsh adj. 粗糙的；严厉的，严酷的；刺耳的粗糙的；严厉的，严酷的；刺耳的delicious adj. 美味的；可口的美味的；可口的pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；讨人欢喜的；舒适的；宜人的令人愉快的；讨人欢喜的；舒适的；宜人的 A screenshot shows Chinese scientists displaying the national flag at the summit of Mou
16、nt Qomolangma on May 4, 2022. On May 4, a Chinese expedition made it to the top of Mount Qomolangma. This is the first time that a team of Chinese scientists has reached 8,000 meters above the sea level, while the automated meteorological device they installed on the northern side of the mountain, w
17、hich is 8,830 meters above the sea level, is the highest in the world.expedition/ekspdn / n. expedition/ekspdn / n. 探险；远征；探险队探险；远征；探险队They equipped themselves for the expedition.他们为远征治装。They planned to organize a scientific expedition.他们计划组织一次科学考察。He is the commander of the expedition.他是探险队的队长。The e
18、xpedition suffered all the rigors of a Canadian winter.这支探险队饱受了加拿大严冬的折磨。The mail is conveyed with expedition.那封信被迅速地传递出去。They made an expedition to the African coast.他们远征到非洲海岸。The scientists will go on an expedition to the South Pole.这些科学家们将要去南极探险。journey，tour，travel，trip，voyage，expedition，cruise这些名
19、词均含“旅行”之意。journey最普通用词，侧重指时间较长、距离较远的单程陆上旅行，也指水上或空中的旅行。tour指最后返回出发地，旅途中有停留游览点，距离可长可短，目的各异的周游或巡行。travel泛指旅行的行为而不指某次具体的旅行，多指到远方作长期旅行，不强调直接目的地，单、复数均可用。trip普通用词，口语多用，常指为公务或游玩作的较短暂的旅行。voyage指在水上旅行，尤指海上旅行，也可指空中旅行。expedition指有特定目的远征或探险。cruise主要指乘船的游览并在多处停靠。A hydrogen-powered, fixed-wing, vertical takeoff an
20、d landing (VTOL) drone with the longest endurance of its kind in China has been developed in Southwest Chinas Chongqing municipality and is likely to be put into service in two to three years.endurance/ ndjrns / n. 忍耐力；耐久力endure v.忍耐；持续endurable adj.能忍耐的；可忍受的；能持久的unendurable adj.无法忍受的enduring adj.持久
21、的patience，endurance这两个名词均含“忍耐、耐心”之意。patience普通用词，通常指不急不躁的容忍态度或能力。endurance侧重指忍受艰辛或痛苦的能力。I could not endure the insolence of his behaviour.我不能再忍受他那傲慢无礼的行为了。I cannot endure listening to that any longer.我再也不耐烦听那一套了。If help doesnt come,we must endure to the end.如果没人来帮助,我们必须忍耐到底。His cruelty is beyond end
22、urance.他的残酷令人无法忍受。She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.她在攀登过程中表现出极大的耐力。I honour endurance, perseverance, industry, talent.我尊敬忍耐、坚毅，勤劳、才干。endure, bear, stand, tolerate, put up with这组词都有“忍受，忍耐”之意。endure比较正式，尤指忍受大的、持久的困难、痛苦、灾祸，常用于否定意义的句子中。bear强调忍受者的坚韧。stand意为“忍受，顶住”，多用于口语中，常用于否定句中，若
23、用于肯定句，则意为“不屈不挠，经受得起”。tolerate意为“容忍”，语气较前几个词弱。put up with与tolerate意义相近，有“不计较，将就”之意，多用于口语。如：He quietly endures the pain of a loveless marriage.他默默地忍受着没有爱情的婚姻的煎熬。The sorrrow was almost more than she could bear.她几乎忍受不了那种悲伤。I cant stand hot weather.我受不了热天。A government that refuses to tolerate opposition
24、cannot last long.一个不听取反对意见的政府是不会长久的。Its hard for people to put up with that kind of treatment.人们很难忍受那种待遇。 Amid the boom of modern creativity industries, traditional folk arts are well preserved in Chengdu. Creative culture sector soars with new vigour.vigour (NAmE vigor) / v(r) /vigour (NAmE vigor)
25、/ v(r) /n. n. 精力；力量；活力精力；力量；活力 vigorous adj.充满活力的，精力充沛的充满活力的，精力充沛的We turn down smoking.turn downTurn the heat down or your cake will burn.把热度调低吧,要不蛋糕就要糊了。Please turn the radio down a bit.请把收音机关小点。She petitioned her neighbor to turn down the radio.她请求邻居把收音机关小点声。I turn down the offer.我拒绝那个提议。The board
26、 turn down all approach on the subject of merger.董事长拒绝了有关合并事宜的任何协商。She turned down every offer of help.别人提出的帮助他都拒绝了。turn about 转身;反复思考turn against 背叛;反抗turn back 原路返回;折回turn up来;出席;出现;找到;把声音调高turn off 关掉turn on 打开turn out 结果是turn to sb.for help 向某人求助turn in 拐入;交出;上交turn over 打翻;移交;反复考虑turn away 走开;转
27、过脸去;把打发走用介词或者副词填空(1)Even those who were once for him are beginning to turn_ him. (2)We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing,but it turned to be a huge disappointment.(2013天津,阅读理解B) (3) The phone can then be used as a remote control,so the machines can be turned and while their owner is
28、 at work or on the bus.(2012山东,阅读理解D) (4)Nicole promised to come yesterday,but he hasnt turned_ yet. (5)So when I have a problem,I will turn her for help.(2013大纲,短文改错) (6). The teacher turned _the students proposal(请求). againstoutonoffuptodownReal Madrid qualified for the semifinals of the Champions
29、 League despite having one foot out of the door after a brave Chelsea fightback in the second leg of their quarterfinal on Tuesday night.qualify vt.& vi. (使使)具备资格；具备资格；(使使)合格合格qualification n. 资格；资历；资格证书资格；资历；资格证书be qualified for sth. 有资格获得某物be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事qualified/kwlfad /qualified/k
30、wlfad /adj. adj. 符合资格；具备符合资格；具备的知识的知识( (或技能、学历等或技能、学历等) )This test will qualify you to fly an aircraft.这次考试将使你取得驾驶飞机的资格。His knowledge and skills qualify him for the job.他的知识和技能使他有资格担任这项工作。After three years here youll qualify for a rise.你在这里三年就可获加薪。She qualified as a doctor this year.她今年取得了医生资格。Hes n
31、ot qualified for this job.他不能胜任这项工作。We need more qualified science worker.我们需要更多合格的科学工作者Exercise所以我可以作为志愿者带领参观者参观画廊，我确信我能胜任这项工作。So I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors round the gallery and I am convinced that I _am qualified for the jobMore than 200 hectares of roses are now in full blo
32、om in the Feixiang district of Handan, Hebei province, attracting tourists to enjoy one of the memorable sights of summer.The roses were planted by a local gardening enthusiast, Wang Jianming, 48, who established the Colorful Garden Base for flowers and nursery stock in 2009 in Nanxiluobao village.e
33、nthusiastic /nenthusiastic /n juzistk / adj. juzistk / adj. 热情的；热心的热情的；热心的enthusiast n. 热心人；热衷热心人；热衷者者enthusiasm n.热心；热忱；热情热心；热忱；热情be enthusiastic about.对极感兴趣的；对 充满热情的be enthusiastic to do sth.对做某事充满热情enthusiastic in 在热心enthusiastically adv.热心地，满腔热情地热心地，满腔热情地He is enthusiastic about helping others.他
34、热心助人。He doesnt know much about this subject, but hes very enthusiastic.他对这事所知不多,但他非常热心。The audience were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play.那出戏首次公演之夜观众非常热情。His idea received an enthusiastic response.他的想法获得热烈的响应。Shes very enthusiastic to read a novel.她非常喜欢读小说。Exercise单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)The you
35、ng girl is very enthusiastic _(read) a novel in her spare time.这个年轻女孩非常热衷于在业余时间读小说。(2)Although exhausting, it gave me energy,_ (enthusiastic) and happiness.虽然很累，但它给了我能量、热情和快乐。to readenthusiasmenthusiastic, eager这组词的共同意思是“渴望的”“热切的”。其区别在于:1.eager指对成功的期望或进取的热情; enthusiastic指根据爱好、兴趣而产生的热情洋溢的情感; 例如:She is enthusiastic about the new teaching method.她对新的教学方法很热心。2.eager含有难以等待或难以抑制的意味; enthusiastic含有对某事极端酷爱、仰慕或赞许的含义; 例如:He made an earnest attempt to persuade her.他热心努力地去说服她。I am enthusiastic over a project for building a new bridge.我热衷于修建一座新桥的规划。Thanks for listening!
