1、Unit 3 Environmental Protection GrammarObjectiveTo learn and use the direct speech and the indirect speech in statements and questions.Look at the following sentences.1.Teacher: Hi, Anna. Are these your pencils?2. Hello, Im Peter. I like to play basketball. 3. Lin Hui: Im going to Tibet for a week.
2、4. She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.5. “I cant do anything about that,” says Yang Lei, “but I can open up my students eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.” 6. Your best friend said it was great. 7. She said that memorizing the words of pop so
3、ngs also helped a little. 8. “Well, I think I should be allowed to make decisions for myself,” he says. 9. On Monday, he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. Sentences from this unit:She said, “I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do,
4、 but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” to test your sense of observationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuessGuessing GameFind the difference between direct speech and indirect speech.1. Teacher
5、: Hi, Anna. _ these your pencils? 2. Hello, _ Peter. _ to play basketball. 3. Lin Hui: _ going to Tibet for a week. 4. She said _ having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. direct speechdirect speechdirect speechindirect speechAreImI likeImshe was5. “_ do anything about that,” says Yang Lei,
6、“but _ open up my students eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.” 6. Your best friend said _ great.7. She said that memorizing the words of pop songs also _ a little.direct speechindirect speechindirect speechI cantI canit washelped8. “Well, _ I should be allowed to make deci
7、sions for myself,” he says. 9. On Monday, he told a radio interviewer that _ run out of money to buy old bikes. 10.She said, “_ to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but _ this diary itself to be my friend, and _ call my friend Kitty.”direct speechindirect speechdirect speechI
8、thinkhe hadI dont wantI wantI shall1. I am mad at Marcia. She said _ mad at Marcia.2. I am having a party for Lana. She said _ a party for Lana.Fill in the blanks.she wasshe was havingExercise3. I go to the beach every Saturday. He said _ to the beach every Saturday.4. I will call you tomorrow. He t
9、old me _ call _ tomorrow/the next day.5. I can speak three languages. She said _ speak three languages. he wenthe wouldshe couldme“Does a friend always have to be a person?” the writer asks us.The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a di
10、ary,” said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.direct speechindirect speechindirect speechdirect speechObserve and fill inWhatre the differences between direct speech and indirect speech?Differencesdirect speechindirect speechTo report what exactly has been sa
11、idThe words usually appear in quotation marksTo report what has been said without using the exact wordsNo quotation marks引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫_;直接引语 用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。间接引语直接引语通常都用_括起来， 引号“ ” 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _。宾语从句How to change direct speech into indirect speech?a. Change what has been said to an object
12、clause or an infinitive phrase;b. Change personal pronouns;c. Change tenses;d. Change adverbials of time and place;e. Other cases. He said, “I like it very much.”He said that he liked it very much.He said to me, “Ive left my book in your room.He told me that he had left his book in my room.b. Change
13、 personal pronouns:I said to her, “I have done my best.”I told her that I had done my best.Direct speechIndirect speechDirect speechIndirect speechSimple presentSimple futureP r e s e n t continuousPast perfectSimple pastP r e s e n t perfectcontinuousPresent perfectPast continuousPast perfectPast p
14、erfectFuture in the pastPast perfectPast perfectcontinuousc. The changes of the tensesSimple past He said, “I lost a key here yesterday.” He said that he had lost a key there the day before/the previous day. “I read the book here a week ago,” Jane said to him.Jane told him that she had read the book
15、 there a week before.d. Change adverbials of time and placeDirect speechIndirect speechnowthentodaythat day/on Saturday, etc.tomorrowthe next day/the following day/on Tuesday, etc.yesterdaythe day before/the previous day/on Tuesday, etc.next weekthe week after/the following week, etc.last yearthe ye
16、ar before/the previous year, etc.a week agoa week before/a week earlier, etc.Direct speechIndirect speechthisthatthesethoseheretherecomegobringtakee. Other casesShe said, “Ill come here again tonight.”She said she would go there again that night.He said, “I want this.”He said that he wanted that.May
17、 said to Tom, “Ill bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”May told Tom she would take some photos there to him the next day.由直接引语转变为间接引语, 下列情况时态不变:1. 不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the
18、 temperature falls below 0.注意2. 经常的习惯 He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3. 历史事件 The teacher said, “World War II ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.4. 部分情态动词, 如must, ought to, used to, had better等
19、She said to me, “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.1. 转述他人的陈述陈述句 She asked me what I was doing.He said, “Im going to Beijing.” He said that he was going to Beijing.He asked, “Are you a teacher?” He asked me if /whether I was a teacher.She said, “What are you doing?”2. 转述他人的疑问一般疑问句3.
20、转述他人的问题特殊疑问句 解题步骤:1. 陈述句:“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont like computers.tolddidntsheSarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.Tom said (that) there wasnt any trouble and that he was waiting for his change. 注意: 当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时, 仅能省略
21、第一个that, 其余的不能省略。Tom said, “There isnt any trouble and Im waiting for my change (零钱).”2. 一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?(They asked him)They asked himifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.askediswasThey asked him if i
22、t was easy to improve the condition of the soil.3. 特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat?(They asked him)They asked himwhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.harvested直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)陈述句Jane said, “Im very fond of traveling.”that引导的名词性从句J
23、ane said that she was very fond of traveling.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)一般疑问句“Is this your umbrella, Mary?” asked John.whether/if引导的名词性从句John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)特殊疑问句“Mary, when will you return me the book?” asked John.wh-词引导的名词性从句John asked Mary when she would return him t
24、he book.由直接引语转变为间接引语, 有时会引起时态的变化, 注意以下几个方面。直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.”从句动词时态不变She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:一般现在时“I know it,” he said.一般过去时He said tha
25、t he knew it. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变 化从句时态变为:现在进行时“Im making coffee for you all,” she said.过去进行时She said she w a s m a k i n g coffee for us all. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主 句动 词为 一般 过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:现在完成时“I have seen her before,” said he. 过去完成时He said he had seen her before. 直
26、接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主 句动 词为 一般 过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:现在完成进行时He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”过去完成进行时He said he had been doing it for hours. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主 句动 词为 一般 过去时引语时态为:从 句动 词时 态相 应变化从句时态变为:一般过去时“I saw her last Mo n d a y, ” h e said.过去完成时He said he had s e e n h e r t h e previou
27、s Monday. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主 句动 词为 一般 过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:过去进行时“I was waiting for Jim,” she said. 过去完成进行时She said she had been waiting for Jim.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主 句动 词为 一般 过去时引语时态为:从句动词时态相应变化从句时态变为:过去完成时“Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died. 直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主 句动 词为 一般 过去时引语时态为:从 句动 词时 态相 应变化从句时态变为:一般将来时He said, “We s h a l l s t a r t tomorrow.”过去将来时He said they would start the next day.
