1、Attributive clause定语从句定语从句 一一. 定语从句的基本定义定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。被修饰的词叫先行词。 二二. 定语从句的定语从句的分类分类限制性限制性定语从句（定语从句（无逗号）且从句去掉影响无逗号）且从句去掉影响句子句子完整性和完整性和非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句有（逗号），表有（逗号），表解释，解释，说明，说明，去掉不影响去掉不影响句子的完整性句子的完整性Eg:The boy who is
2、reading is Tom.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词 二二. 关系词的分类关系词的分类关系代词关系代词 2. 关系副词关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：词有：when, where, why三三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点关系代词的基本
3、用法和注意点1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法关系代词关系代词 指代的先指代的先行词行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whose人或物人或物定语定语五五. 关系副词关系副词when, where和和why的用法的用法关系副词关系副词指代的先行词指代的先行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分when表时间的名词表时间的名词/名词词组名词词组时间状语时间状语where表地点的名词表地点的名词/名词词组名词词组地点状语地点状语why表原因的名词表原因的名词原因状语原
4、因状语四四. 关系代词关系代词和关系副词选择的关键：和关系副词选择的关键： 判断先行词在从中所作的成分：判断先行词在从中所作的成分：当先行词在从句中作主语：当先行词在从句中作主语：人：人：who/that 物：物：which/that2. 当先行词在从句中作宾语：当先行词在从句中作宾语：人：人：who/whom/that/x 物：物：which/that/x 3. 当先行词在从句中作定语：当先行词在从句中作定语：人人/ 物：物：n1 whose n2人：人：=the n2 of whom/ of whom the n2物：物：= the n2 of which/ of which the n2
5、(1) whose引导的定语从句注意点引导的定语从句注意点whose引导定语从句，引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，其后应紧跟名词，构成名构成名词短语。词短语。 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如：如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。这个消息。whose的先行词指物时，可用的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语代替，但语序不同，即序不同，即whose+名词名词 = the+名词名词+o
6、f which，或，或= of which + the + 名词。名词。如：如：The novel whose title (= the title of which或或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting. whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。whose的先行词指人时，可用的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，代替，但语序不同，即但语序不同，即whose+名词名词 = the+名词名词+of whom，或，或= of whom + the + 名词名
7、词。如：。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world. that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new. that (1) The scientist is very famous in the world.
8、 We met her yesterday.巩固练习：巩固练习：1. 用定语从句合并句子用定语从句合并句子(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen. 1.The girl _is standing who/tha
9、t巩固练习：巩固练习：2. 用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空关系代词关系代词和关系副词选择的关键：和关系副词选择的关键：判断先行词在从中所作的成分判断先行词在从中所作的成分：六六.当先行词在从句中作状语：当先行词在从句中作状语：时间：时间：when=介词介词+which 地点：地点：where=介词介词+which 原因：原因：why=介词介词+which 介词介词+which/ whom引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1. 介词的选用原则：介词的选用原则： 根据根据定语从句谓语动词定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。的习惯搭配来决定。This is the book on which I sp
10、ent 8 dollars.This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.(2) 根据根据先行词的习惯先行词的习惯搭配来决定。搭配来决定。I remember the day on which I joined the Party.I remember the days during which I lived there.巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _
11、) I came. 3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didn t want to see me?whenon whichwherefrom whichwhyfor which 4) Is this the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _ (_ _) we used “foreign oil”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems.wherein whichwhendurin
12、g whichat whichwhere注意注意（1）. 当当介词介词放在放在关系代词前面关系代词前面时时，关关系代词只能用系代词只能用whom(指人指人)或或which(指物指物)，且关系代词不能省略且关系代词不能省略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I can t find the pen with which I was writing .2. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可用 which/that(指物指物), who/whom/that(指人指人)作从句中介词的宾语作从句中介词的宾
13、语.而且作而且作介词宾语的关介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。系代词可以省略。(whom/who/that)(which/that)Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?3. 在一些在一些固定搭配的动词短语固定搭配的动词短语中，由于中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词不能把介词置于关系代词之前置于关系代词之前。如：。如：This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for.The babi
14、es (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.4. 先行词是先行词是the way，意为，意为“方式，方法方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。或省略。 I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _he teaches English is interesting.（that/in which）（that/in which）5. 关系副词的用法注意点关系副词的用法注意点(1)当先行词当先行词为为
15、time，表示，表示“次数次数”时，应用关时，应用关系词系词that 或省略或省略。如：。如：This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country.(2)当当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：在句中作状语。如：Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?(6) 关系
16、代词关系代词在从句中作在从句中作主语主语时，从句的时，从句的谓语动词谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.对比练习：用适当的关系词填空对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1.
17、The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)2. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(that/which) The reason _ I don t know is known to him.(that/which)why/
18、for which3. The reason _ I don t know the thing is that I was not there at that time.七七. 关系代词的用法注意点关系代词的用法注意点(1) that和和which都可以指物，都可以指物，但以下但以下5种情况只能用种情况只能用that 不能用不能用which。当先行词中有人又有物时。如：当先行词中有人又有物时。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?当先行词为不定代词当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, lit
19、tle, no, some, any, everything,something, nothing, nobody, none等时。如：等时。如：This is all that I want from the school.当先行词被当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修等修饰时。如：饰时。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.当先行词被当先行词被最高级修饰最高级修饰时。如：时。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been
20、built in this city.当先行词被当先行词被序数词修饰序数词修饰时。如：时。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.(2) that和和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用多用who。先行词为先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如：等时。如：All who heard the news were excited.先行词为先行词为those, he和和people时。如：时。如：Those who want to go please sign your n
21、ames here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1. 非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说附加说明明，如果，如果去掉去掉，主句的意思，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号逗号隔开。隔开。My watch, which is very old, stopped again.2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定
22、语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别(1)限制性定语限制性定语从句和主句的关系从句和主句的关系十分密切，十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用不用逗号逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：试比较：This is the best book that I have read.This is a good book, which is easy to understand.(2)限制性定语从句的先行词限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个总是一个名词名词或一个或一个代词代词，而非，而非限制性定语从句的先行词限制性定语从句的
23、先行词可以是一个可以是一个词词，也可以是，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一。此时，一般用般用关系代词关系代词as或或which引导。引导。(4)在在非限制性定语从句中非限制性定语从句中，不能省略不能省略关系代关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而引导，而非非限制性定语从句则不能用限制性定语从句则不能用that。(5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：时，介词前可以有被介词短
24、语所修饰的词。如：(6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。作介词的宾语。He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married.He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying.3. 关系代词关系代词as, which引导非限制定语从句时的区别引导非限制定语从句时的区别(1)as和和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，
25、又可在主句后，有时还可插入主既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；句中；而而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后主句之后。如：。如：The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth.(2) as多用于下列习惯用语中多用于下列习惯用语中as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样正如人人都能看到的那样as is well k
26、nown = as is known to all 众所周知众所周知as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样正如我们所预料的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的那样正如经常发生的那样as has been said before 如上所述如上所述as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的正如上面提到的4. “介词介词+关系代词关系代词”结构引导结构引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构：一般有以下几种结构：(1)名词名词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：They live in a house, the door of whic
27、h faces south.(2)代词代词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard.(3)数词数词+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.(4)形容词比较级形容词比较级/最高级最高级+介词介词+关系代词：关系代词：China has thousands of islands, the largest of w
28、hich is Taiwan.40Thank youThank youGrammar 1-1. Read the sentences below and underline the relative clauses.Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been th
29、e greatest.Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.He came from a family which was very poor.Grammar 1-3. Summary Do activity 2 on page 44KeysAABAB1.ASummaryWho follows a word referring to a person.Which follows a word referring to a thing.Instead of which you can say that.Where follows a word that refers to a place.When follows a word that refers to time.Whose means of whom.Grammar 1-4. Practice Do activity 3 and 4 on page 44Key to activity 3EABC1.DKey to activity 4whichwherewhenwhosewhosewhenwhere
