1、八年级下册八年级下册Units 1-2. 短语短语双语互译双语互译1. 感冒感冒 have a _2. 胃痛胃痛 have a _3. 躺下躺下 lie _4. 发烧发烧 have a _5. 下车下车 get _6. 放弃放弃 give _7. 推迟推迟 put _8. 照顾照顾; 非常喜欢非常喜欢 care _coldstomachachedownfeveroffupofffor9. 赠送赠送; 捐赠捐赠 give _10. 修理修理; 装饰装饰 fix _11. 建立建立; 设立设立 _ up12. make a difference _13. take ones temperature
2、 _14. take breaks _15. to ones surprise _16. right away _17. get into _awayupset影响影响; 有作用有作用量体温量体温休息休息使使惊讶的惊讶的立即立即; 马上马上陷入陷入; 参与参与18. be used to _19. get out of _20. be in control of _21. give out _22. come up with _习惯于习惯于离开离开; ; 从从出来出来掌管掌管; 管理管理分发分发; 散发散发想出想出; 提出提出1【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】trouble的用法的用法中考考
3、点中考考点【归纳拓展归纳拓展】trouble作动词作动词, 意为意为“打扰打扰; 使烦恼使烦恼”, 常用搭配为常用搭配为: trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事麻烦某人做某事 be sorry to trouble sb. 很抱歉打扰某人很抱歉打扰某人【一言辨异一言辨异】Dont trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. 麻烦没找你麻烦没找你, 你别找麻烦。你别找麻烦。【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014福州中考福州中考)Jack, I have _working out the math problem. Dont
4、worry. Let me help you. A. fun B. trouble C. experience不要嘲笑处于困境中的人。不要嘲笑处于困境中的人。Dont laugh at the people_ _. We have some trouble _(work) out the problem. 答案答案: in troubleworking 2.【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】give up的用法的用法(1)give up是动副短语是动副短语, 后接代词作宾语时后接代词作宾语时, 必须放在两词必须放在两词中间。中间。(2)give up后接动词时需用动词的后接动词时需用动词的-i
5、ng形式形式, 相当于相当于stop doing sth. 。 整天玩电脑游戏对你的健康有害。你应该整天玩电脑游戏对你的健康有害。你应该放弃它。放弃它。Playing computer games all day is bad for your health. You should_ _. 你应该戒烟。你应该戒烟。You should_ _ _. 答案答案: give it upgive up smoking【归纳拓展归纳拓展】give的相关短语的相关短语【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】1. (2014襄阳中考襄阳中考)He failed to break the world record
6、for long jump many times, but he never _his hope. took off B. put away C. gave up D. turned down 2.(2013滨州中考滨州中考)Diaoyu Island belongs to China. Surely it does! We Chinese will never _it up. A. cut B. fix C. give D. set【解析解析】选选C。考查动词短语搭配。考查动词短语搭配。cut up“切碎切碎”; fix up“修理修理”; give up“放弃放弃”; set up“建立建
7、立”。句意。句意: 钓鱼岛属于中国。钓鱼岛属于中国。当然是当然是! 我们中国人绝不会放我们中国人绝不会放弃它。所以选择答案弃它。所以选择答案C。3.【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】cheer up的用法的用法(1)cheer up也可以单独使用也可以单独使用, 表示表示“变得高兴变得高兴, 振奋起来振奋起来”。(2)cheer sb. up意为意为“使某人高兴起来使某人高兴起来”, 相当于相当于make sb. happy。如果宾语是名词或词组。如果宾语是名词或词组, 可放在可放在cheer up的中间或的中间或后面后面, 若是代词作宾语若是代词作宾语, 则只能放在则只能放在cheer up
8、的中间。的中间。【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】振作起来吧振作起来吧! 你的困难不久就会过去的。你的困难不久就会过去的。_ _! Your trouble will soon be over. 橙色能带给我们成功橙色能带给我们成功, 使我们振作。使我们振作。Orange can bring us success and _us_. 答案答案: Cheer upcheer; up 【归纳拓展归纳拓展】有关有关up的短语的短语【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014安徽中考安徽中考)We failed in the singing competition. _. Better times a
9、re waiting for you. A. No way B. Best wishesC. Cheer up D. Good job4.【辨一辨辨一辨 考点突破考点突破】alone与与lonely的用法辨析的用法辨析aloneadj. “独自的独自的; 单独的单独的”, 表示无人陪伴表示无人陪伴, 只陈述一只陈述一个客观事实个客观事实, 不带感情色彩不带感情色彩, 在句中作表语在句中作表语adv. “独自地独自地; 单独地单独地”, 用在实义动词后用在实义动词后, 相当于相当于by oneself, 常在句中作方式状语常在句中作方式状语lonelyadj. “孤独的孤独的”, 主观上感到主观
10、上感到“孤独的孤独的”, 感情色彩感情色彩浓厚浓厚, 强调心灵上的孤独与寂寞强调心灵上的孤独与寂寞, 常在句中作常在句中作表语表语“荒凉的荒凉的; 偏僻的偏僻的; 人迹罕至的人迹罕至的”, 修饰表示地修饰表示地点的名词点的名词, 只能作定语只能作定语【一言辨异一言辨异】I was travelling alone in the lonely mountain. I didnt feel lonely though I was alone. 我独自在荒凉的山里旅行。虽孤身一人我独自在荒凉的山里旅行。虽孤身一人, 但我并不感到寂寞。但我并不感到寂寞。【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】He does
11、nt want to go there alone. (改为同义句改为同义句)He doesnt want to go there_ _. 你无法想象他在外面可能会多么孤独和无助。你无法想象他在外面可能会多么孤独和无助。You cannot imagine how_ and helpless he can be on the outside. 答案答案: by himselflonely 【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(安顺中考安顺中考)His grandparents live _in a small house, but they dont feel_. A. lonely; alon
12、e B. alone; lonelyC. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone(2013上海中考上海中考)My old neighbour Charles felt _after his children moved out. A. lonely B. safely C. angrily D. happily【解析解析】选选A。考查词汇辨析。由。考查词汇辨析。由“他的孩子搬出去之后他的孩子搬出去之后”可可知知“我的老邻居查尔斯感到寂寞我的老邻居查尔斯感到寂寞”。lonely“孤独的孤独的; 寂寞的寂寞的”。 5.【辨一辨辨一辨 考点突破考点突破】rise与与raise的
13、不同的不同rise不及物动词不及物动词上升上升, 上涨上涨, 提高提高不规则动词不规则动词, 过去式过去式rose, 过去分词为过去分词为risenraise及物动词及物动词使升高使升高, 提提高高; 饲养饲养规则动词规则动词, 过去式和过过去式和过去分词均为去分词均为raised【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】选词填空选词填空(raise, rise)。Look! Change-_into the sky. She _her both hands in order to answer the question as the first one. 答案答案: is risingraised【
14、图解助记图解助记】【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014来宾中考来宾中考)Many stars_(筹集筹集)money for homeless children nowadays. They are so kind. 答案答案: raise6.【辨一辨辨一辨 考点突破考点突破】difficult/difficultly/difficulty的用法辨析的用法辨析 difficult形容词形容词“困难的困难的”, 作定语、表语或宾语补作定语、表语或宾语补足语足语difficultly副词副词“困难地困难地”, 作状语作状语difficulty名词名词have difficulty (in)
15、 doing sth. 做某事做某事有困难有困难【 【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】I have_ (difficult) reading at times. 当你做决定有困难时当你做决定有困难时, 可以打电话给我。可以打电话给我。You can call me if you have _ _a decision. 答案答案: difficultydifficulty making练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2013聊城中考聊城中考)I have great _in finishing the work by myself. Could you help me? No problem.
16、A. fun B. success C. advice D. difficulty【重点句型重点句型】1. Whats the matter? 怎么了怎么了? I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。我胃痛。【思一思思一思 句型剖析句型剖析】(1)Whats the matter? 意为意为“怎么了怎么了? ”常用来询问身体有什么常用来询问身体有什么不适或有什么不顺心的事不适或有什么不顺心的事, 也可以用来询问某物出了什么故障也可以用来询问某物出了什么故障, 后面可接后面可接with sb. /sth. , 表示表示“某人某人/某物怎么了某物怎么了? ”。(2)由由-ache构成的
17、复合名词构成的复合名词(3)“have+a+名词名词”型短语型短语【归纳拓展归纳拓展】【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014江西中考江西中考)Hi, John. _? Its Lucy, my dog. Her leg is hurt. A. How are you B. Whats the matterC. Whos that D. Whats Lucy like2. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the doctors saved the man in time. 多亏了王先生和这些乘客多亏了王先生和这些乘客, 医生才及时挽救了这个医生
18、才及时挽救了这个(老老)人。人。【思一思思一思 句型剖析句型剖析】thanks to“由于由于; 幸亏幸亏”, 介词短语介词短语, 后接名词、代词后接名词、代词, 强调强调感谢的对象。感谢的对象。Thanks to your help, we can finish the work on time. 多亏了你的帮忙多亏了你的帮忙, 我们才准时完成工作。我们才准时完成工作。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】thanks for“因因而感谢而感谢”, 客套用语客套用语, thanks相当于相当于thank you。for为介词为介词, 后接名词或动词后接名词或动词-ing, 强调为何而感谢。强调为何而感谢。Th
19、anks for inviting me to your party. 谢谢你邀请我参加你的聚会。谢谢你邀请我参加你的聚会。【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014四川中考四川中考)Thanks _Mr. Hu, we have learnt many English songs. A. for B. at C. to1【辨一辨辨一辨 考点突破考点突破】right away/right now的用法辨析的用法辨析right away立即、马上立即、马上, 主要用主要用于美国英语于美国英语, 语气稍语气稍弱于弱于at once, 强调动强调动作迅速。可用于过去作迅速。可用于过去或将来时态或将
20、来时态He didnt answer right away. 他没有马上回答。他没有马上回答。right now现在、此时此刻现在、此时此刻, 也也有立即、马上、即刻有立即、马上、即刻的意思。一般用于现的意思。一般用于现在或者将来时态在或者将来时态Where is the International Space Station right now? 国国际空间站现在在什么际空间站现在在什么位置位置? 【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】他马上意识到什么地方出了问题。他马上意识到什么地方出了问题。He realized_ _that there was something wrong. 他现在不在
21、办公室。他现在不在办公室。He is not in the office_ _. 答案答案: right awayright now 【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2012黄冈中考黄冈中考)What would you do if you _the traffic accident? I would_. A. see; do my housework firstB. saw; buy some fruit right awayC. see; call at 110 at onceD. saw; call the police right awayIf的虚拟语气，与事实相反。从句：if+主
22、语+过去式（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do例子：If I were you, I would take an umbrella.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.2【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】三种三种“修理修理”的不同的不同fix侧重于侧重于“安装安装”, 有时也有时也用作用作“修理修理”, 常用来指常用来指修理机器、车辆等修理机器、车辆等, fix up意为意为“修理修理; 装饰装饰”The workers are fixing the machine. 工人们在安装机
23、器。工人们在安装机器。repair使受到一定损失或失灵的使受到一定损失或失灵的物品恢复其形状或功能物品恢复其形状或功能, 从房屋、道路、机器到日从房屋、道路、机器到日常生活必需品常生活必需品Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it. 玛丽修理收音机只玛丽修理收音机只是为了消遣。是为了消遣。mend着重指恢复某物原来的样着重指恢复某物原来的样子子(包括用针、线来缝补包括用针、线来缝补), 一般指较小之物一般指较小之物My mother mended clothes for me yesterday. 昨天我妈妈昨天我妈妈为我缝补衣服。为我缝补衣
24、服。【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】他把机器固定在地上。他把机器固定在地上。He_ the machine on the ground. The workers are_ (repairing/mending/fixing) the old bridge. 答案答案: fixedrepairing 【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2013菏泽中考菏泽中考)Why do you collect so many old bikes? Ill have them _and give away to the children who dont have bikes. A. used up B.
25、given upC. fixed up D. set up3. death n. 死死; 死亡死亡【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】用用die的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。她妈妈的死对她是个打击。她妈妈的死对她是个打击。Her mothers _was a shock to her. The_ old man told his sons that there was a gold pot under the tall tree in front of their house. After telling them about that, the old man closed his eyes
26、 and _. 答案答案: deathdying; died4. care for照顾照顾; 非常喜欢非常喜欢【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】He often cares for his sick mother. (改为同义句改为同义句)He often_ _ _his sick mother. He often_ _his sick mother. 我喜欢绿茶。我喜欢绿茶。I_ _green tea. 答案答案: takes care of; looks aftercare for 【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】care for的用法的用法 【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2013
27、黄石中考黄石中考)Many students in our school _the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses. A. worry about B. care forC. agree with D. take care5【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】run out短语的用法短语的用法(1)run out意为意为“用尽用尽”, 相当于相当于be used up, 其主语通常为时间、其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词食物、金钱等名词; run out是不及物动词短语是不及物动词短语, 其后不能带宾其后不能带宾语
28、语, 无被动形式。无被动形式。(2)run out of sth. (= use up sth. )意为意为“用尽某物用尽某物”, 其主语一般其主语一般是人。是人。【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】Lin Taos pocket money was used up yesterday. (改为同义句改为同义句)Lin Taos pocket money_ _yesterday. The writer had run out of the ink before he finished writing. (改为同义句改为同义句)The ink_ _ _before the writer finis
29、hed writing. 答案答案: ran outhad run out 【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014黄冈中考黄冈中考)He told the interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. A. put away B. turned offC. taken out D. used up6.【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】imagine的用法总结的用法总结(1)imagine作及物动词作及物动词, 后跟名词、代词、动名词或从句作宾语。后跟名词、代词、动名词或从句作宾语。(2)imagine后跟复合宾语后跟
30、复合宾语, 即即imagine +名词名词/代词代词+动名词。动名词。Jimmys mother imagines Jimmy becoming a film star one day. 吉米的妈妈想象有一天吉米会成为一名电影明星。吉米的妈妈想象有一天吉米会成为一名电影明星。【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】Look! The boy is running so fast! I cant_(想象想象)that his right leg was once broken. 你能想象乔治做饭的样子吗你能想象乔治做饭的样子吗? Can you _George _dinner? 答案答案: imagi
31、neimagine; cooking 【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(河南中考河南中考)The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life. Can you _a life without it? A. understand B. imagineC. consider D. expect7. Should I take my temperature? 我应该量一下体温吗我应该量一下体温吗? 【思一思思一思 句型剖析句型剖析】(1)should作情态动词作情态动词, 有实际的词义有实际的词义, 但它不可单独作谓语但它不可单独作谓语
32、, 须须与动词原形连用与动词原形连用, 没有人称和数的变化。没有人称和数的变化。You should work harder. 你应该更努力地工作。你应该更努力地工作。(2)常用句型常用句型: You should /shouldnt do sth. “你你(不不)应该做某应该做某事事”。【温馨提示温馨提示】should表示预测和可能性表示预测和可能性, 意为意为“应该应该; 可能可能”。We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭时间应该能到了。我们在晚饭时间应该能到了。She should be here at any moment. 她随时都可能来。她随时
33、都可能来。【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014云南中考云南中考)You look really tired. _? I didnt sleep well last night. I had a headache. A. How about you B. What should I doC. Whats the matter D. How are you feeling now语法：不定式的句法功能语法：不定式的句法功能1. 做主语 eg. To master a foreign language is necessary for a college student. It is goo
34、d manners to help people in trouble 2. 做表语 eg. Your job is to wash dishes. All I did was to give him some advice.3. 做宾语 eg. She promised to give him a chance. I cannt afford to buy a car.注意注意：有些动词后面只能用不定式做宾语，这样的动词有：refuse, promise, pretend, wish, hope, agree, ask, decide, refuse, promise, pretend, w
35、ish, hope, agree, ask, decide, expect, manage, offer, warnexpect, manage, offer, warn但有些动词后只能跟动名词，例如：admit, avoid, keep, prevent, consider, delay, enjoy, excuse, finish, resist, pardon, put off, look forward to4. 不定式做宾语补足语不定式做宾语补足语 有两种情况应加以注意：A 根据情况的表达，根据情况的表达， 可以在不定式前加可以在不定式前加上上where, how, when,wha
36、t 等疑问副词。等疑问副词。 eg. Could you tell me how to repair the maching? No one told me where to find him.B.不定式在感官动词不定式在感官动词 see, hear, watch,feel,notice和使役动和使役动词词 let, make, have 后做宾语补足语时，不加不定式符号后做宾语补足语时，不加不定式符号“to”. eg. I never let my child stay in the house all day. I heard her say that shed like to go to
37、 the concert. Could you help me (to) unload the car?5. 做主语补足语做主语补足语 eg. I was asked to help him with his lessons. 主语补足语实际上就是句子主动语态时句子中的宾语补足语，主语补足语实际上就是句子主动语态时句子中的宾语补足语，当原句中的宾语提前做主语，句子转化成被动语态时，原来的当原句中的宾语提前做主语，句子转化成被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语就成了转化后的句子中的主语补足语。宾语补足语就成了转化后的句子中的主语补足语。注意：做宾语补足语的不定式，转化成主语补足语的时候，原来省注意：做宾
38、语补足语的不定式，转化成主语补足语的时候，原来省去的去的“to”应该加上去，。应该加上去，。. eg. She was seen to go out a minute ago. He was made to give up drinking6.做定语做定语 eg. Have you got a pencil to draw pictures with? Is there anyone to take care of these children?7. 不定式做状语不定式做状语 eg. She got off the train to see a friend .（目的状语） She got o
39、ff the train in order to see a friend. She got off the train so as to see a friend. In order to see a friend , she got off the train .做结果状语： eg. He was too excited to say anything. The children are old enough to go to school. He hurried to the station, only to see that the train had left. “ only + t
40、o do sth” 表出乎意料的结果不定式的时态与语态不定式的时态与语态 时态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done3.3.动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构A 疑问词+不定式 eg. When to start has not been decided yet. The problem is how to persuade him to change his mind. We must learn what to do in face of difficulties
41、.B. 带有逻辑主语的结构 eg. Its important for us to master a foreign language. The first thing for us to do is to clean the room.4.4.省省“toto”的情况的情况A 在do nothing/ anything/ everything but/ except 等后，不带不定式符号“to”. eg. He said he would do anything except cook. He did nothing but look on.注意：只有注意：只有except, but 而没有而
42、没有do nothing / anything / everything 时，要带不定式符号时，要带不定式符号“to”. eg. It has no choice but to lie down and sleep. They didnt open their mouths except to complain. He does nothing but play all day. At the news she didnt say anything but cry.B. 在在 would rather, had better, rather than , can not but, cant h
43、elp but 等后不定式符号要省。等后不定式符号要省。 eg. I couldnt help but wait for the next bus to come. 我不得不等下一班车。 I cant choose but do it. 我初了这样做之外别无选择。趁热打铁趁热打铁1.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _it more difficult.A.not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 2.Ive worked with children b
44、efore, so I know what_ in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. There are five pairs _ , but Im at a loss which to buy. A. To be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing4. .-Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? - _ enough protein and nutrit
45、ion as you are growing up.A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting up5. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to go C. going D. to have gone 7. He made a long speech _ his ignorance(无知无知) of the subject. A. only to show B. only showi
46、ng C. showing D. enough to show8. - What did you hear last night? - I seemed _ someone knock at the door. A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to have heard D. having heard9. Though we have had a long discussion, many problems still remain_.A. to be discussed B discussing C discussed D .to discuss 10.
47、 -Did you have trouble with your car this morning ? - Yes ,but I finally managed _. A to get it start B get it starting C to get it started D. getting it started 八年级下册八年级下册Units 3-4. 短语短语双语互译双语互译1. 频繁频繁; 反复反复 _ the time2. 一一就就; 尽快尽快 _ soon _3. 目的是目的是; 为了为了 in order _4. 给某人提供某物给某人提供某物 provide sb. _ s
48、th. provide sth. _ sb. offer sth. _ sb. 5. 快速查看快速查看; 浏览浏览 look _6. 成功地发展成功地发展; 解决解决 work _allasastowithfortothroughout7. 和睦相处和睦相处 get on _8. 和某人为某事争吵和某人为某事争吵 argue _ sb. _ sth. 9. 删除删除; 删去删去 cut _10. 比较比较; 对比对比 compare. . . _11. take out the rubbish _12. take care of _13. in ones opinion _withwithab
49、outoutwith倒垃圾倒垃圾照顾照顾; 处理处理依依看看1【记一记记一记 知识构建知识构建】“借借”法不同法不同 lend借出借出非延续性动词非延续性动词, 表示主语把东西借给别表示主语把东西借给别人人, 常用结构常用结构: lend sb. sth. 或或lend sth. to sb. borrow借入借入非延续性动词非延续性动词, 表示主语向别人借东西表示主语向别人借东西, 常用结构常用结构: borrow sth. from sb. 或或borrow ones sth. keep借借(多久多久)延续性动词延续性动词, 表示表示“借某物多长时间借某物多长时间”, 可以与可以与“for
50、+一段时间一段时间”或或how long连连用用【巧学助记巧学助记】【核心词汇核心词汇】【填一填填一填 思维激活思维激活】你能借给我一些钱吗你能借给我一些钱吗? Could you_ me some money? 我每个星期都从图书馆借书。我每个星期都从图书馆借书。I_ books_ the library every week. 这本书我可以借多长时间这本书我可以借多长时间? How long can I_ the book? 答案答案: lendborrow; fromkeep 【练一练练一练 走近中考走近中考】(2014南充中考南充中考)Excuse me, can I _your pe
