1、 Period 3 Review useful structures Unit 3 Sea Exploration选择性必修四 人教版（2019）Lead inLook at the pictures and recall something about ZhengHe and Zac. At age 16 Zac Sunderland set off into the Pacific Ocean on a quest, not only to see the world and have the adventure of a lifetime, but to become the young
2、est person to sail around the world alone. Between 1405 and 1433, Zheng He with seven fleets sailed west not only to explore and trade, but to show off the glory of the Yongle emperor.Lead inBetween 1405 and 1433, Zheng He with seven fleets sailed west not only to explore and trade, but to show off
3、the glory of the Yongle emperor.infinitiveused as adverbialinfinitiveused as adverbialRead the sentence and pay attention to infinitives .Lead inAt age 16 Zac Sunderland set off into the Pacific Ocean on a quest, not only to see the world and have the adventure of a lifetime, but to become the young
4、est person to sail around the world alone. infinitiveused as adverbialinfinitiveused as adverbialinfinitiveused as attributiveRead the sentence and pay attention to infinitives .Activity 1 The functions of infinitive1 As the subject (S)4 As the object complement (OC)2 As the predicative (P) 5 As the
5、 attributive (Attr) 3 As the object (O)6 As the adverbial (Ad) Review the functions infinitive .Activity 1 Find all the sentences containing infinitives in the reading passage. Then mark their functions.To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for . Marco Polos tales inspired Euro
6、pean explorers to search for sea routes from west to east. Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals . which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange. ( S)(OC)(Ad)(O)Avtivity 1These fleets were a sight to be
7、hold and were in a league of their own at that time. To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and . Trading has grown greatly ., and will continue to do so in years to come. ( P)( Attr)( S)( O)( Attr)Avtivity 1 . there are stil
8、l many other places left to explore. . China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. . there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. . the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to rea
9、ch out across the sea far into the future. ( Attr)( Attr)( Attr)( Ad)( Attr)( Attr)( OC)动词不定式动词不定式主动主动被动被动用法用法一般式to doto be done表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生的动作完成式to have doneto have been done表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作进行式to be doing/表示正在进行的动作，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生完成进行式to have been doing/表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直进行的动作不定式的构成与形式不定
10、式的构成与形式Summary 不定式作主语不定式作主语 当主语较长、谓语较短时，常用当主语较长、谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。语的后面。 e.g. It was wise of you to refuse his invitation. It is necessary for yong man to master two foreign languages.To do that sort of thing is foolish。 主语主语Summary 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 常跟不定式作宾语的动词：常跟不定式作宾语的动词：agree,
11、 aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine,expect, fail, intend, learn, plan, manage, prepare, pretend,promise, refuse, threaten, wish, offer, I want to see you this evening. 宾语宾语Summary e.g. They intend to close the school at the earliest opportunity. 被被only, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的
12、名词常用不定式以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式 作定语。作定语。 e.g. Mike was often the first student to arrive at school. He was the only man to pass the examination. 有些名词后面常接不定式作定语，如有些名词后面常接不定式作定语，如ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, time, way等。等。 e.g. A
13、fter months of unemployment, all he asked for was a chance to earn his bread.不定式作定语不定式作定语We found a house to live in. 定语定语Summary 不定式作状语不定式作状语 不定式作状语，常表示不定式作状语，常表示目的、原因、结果目的、原因、结果等。等。 e.g. They were glad to see their son taken good care of in the kindergarten. To catch the bus, I got up at six this
14、morning I jumped with joy to hear it. 不定式作结果状语时，常用于不定式作结果状语时，常用于“only +不定式不定式”结构，表示未曾预料结构，表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。到的或令人不快的结果。 e.g. A friend of mine came to see me tonight. Alan lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.She came here to study English. 状语状语Summary 不定式作补语不定式作补语advise, allow, ask, beg, cau
15、se, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, remind, require,teach, tell, want, warn, wish, wait for, call on, depend on 跟不定式作补语的动词及动词词组：跟不定式作补语的动词及动词词组：e.g. I was interested in astronomy and he asked me to give a presentation to the class. Were try
16、ing to persuade manufacturers to sell them here. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 宾补宾补Summary All you have to do is to finish it quickly.表语表语不定式作表语不定式作表语不定式作表语，可以表示目的、事态发展的结果、预不定式作表语，可以表示目的、事态发展的结果、预期的结果或不幸的结局，如期的结果或不幸的结局，如e.g.The purpose of the project was to improve
17、the traffic condition in this city.They are to come before noon.如果主语部分含有实义动词如果主语部分含有实义动词do，那么作表语的不定式，那么作表语的不定式可以带可以带to，也可以不带，也可以不带to。这时，表语是对主语的一种。这时，表语是对主语的一种说明。说明。e.g.All I can do is (to) leave him alone.The least I can do is (to) write to you to say thanks.Summary Join the words to make sentences
18、using infinitives. Then decide the function of each infinitive.1. He/encouraged me/participate in the surfing competition2. The storm/seems/be getting closer3. Magellan/was the first person/sail around the worldHe encouraged me to participate in the surfing competition. (OC)The storm seems to be get
19、ting closer. (P)Magellan was the first person to sail around the world. (Attr)Activity 2 4. The UN peacekeeping force/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts5. The crowd/stood/applaud/scientists/for their important ocean research workThe UN peacekeeping force aims to maintain peace and preve
20、nt armed conflicts. (O)The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work. (Ad)Activity 2 It is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less. (S) The Jiaolong manned submersible is said to be able to reach 7 km underwater. (O; O)It remains to be seen whe
21、ther or not his capsule can work. (O)6. It is a good idea/tax/plastic bottles/so that people use them less 7. The Jiaolong manned submersible/is said/be able/reach 7 km underwater8. It remains/be seen/whether or not his capsule can workActivity 2 Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the
22、proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks.Far out in the ocean, where the water is as clear as glass, lives the Sea King. The ocean is too deep _ (measure). We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea, but actually it is not rare _ (see) the most unique flowers
23、 and plants _ (dance) in the fast-moving water. In the deepest spot of all stands the Sea Kings castle, which has walls of coral and a roof _ (form) of beautiful shells. The mother of the king, a wise woman who is proud _ (be) born into the royal family, takes care of his six daughters. to measure t
24、o see dancing to have beenformedActivity 3Among the six sea-princesses, the youngest is the prettiest. Although she has delicate skin like a rose-leaf and eyes as blue as the deepest sea, she has no feet but a fish tail just like her sisters. The most common way for the princesses _ (play) all day l
25、ong is _ (swim) in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls, feeding and touching the fish _ (swim) up to their hands through the windows. They seem_(not worry) about anything, except for the youngest, who to play swimming / to swim swimming not to worryActivity 3Suggest
26、ed answer:. who wants to see what life is like on land. She swims all the way to the surface and sees a large ship. It travels toward her at great speed and terrifies her. She swims below the surface of the water and just manages to swim away from the big ship. She now realises that it is a scary wo
27、rld outside of the ocean, and she decides to stay with her family and friends under the sea.What do you think happens next?Activity 3根据汉语补全下面句子。根据汉语补全下面句子。1._, that is a question.生存还是毁灭？这是个问题。生存还是毁灭？这是个问题。2It is better _than _.施比受有福。施比受有福。3You are never _.活到老学到老。活到老学到老。4_is to know nothing.什么都知道等于什么
28、都不知道。什么都知道等于什么都不知道。5 _is to lengthen life.节约时间就是延长生命。节约时间就是延长生命。To be or not to be to taketo givetoo old to learnTo know everythingTo save time Exercise 翻译下面句子。翻译下面句子。1.我能听到你的声音真高兴。我能听到你的声音真高兴。2.我忘记关灯了我忘记关灯了3.Lucy告诉他不要哭。告诉他不要哭。4.我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。5.我没什么可担心的。我没什么可担心的。It is so nice for me to hear your voice.My dream is to be a scientist.I have nothing to worry about.I forgot to turn off the light.Lucy told him not to cry.Exercise Do the exercises on Page 76 of Workbook.
