1、1. foundation n. 1) U the establishment of an organization, business, school etc. 建立建立，创办创办2) C the solid layer of cement , bricks, stones etc. that is put under a building to support it 地基地基，基础基础3) C a basic idea, principle, situation etc. that something develops from 基础基础; 根据根据e.g. The school has
2、served the community since its foundation in 1835.It took the builders three weeks to lay the foundations.The course gives students a solid foundation in English.【联想联想】found v. 建立建立；创立；创立；创办创办 为为（房屋等）打基础（房屋等）打基础；注意：注意： find 的过去式和过去分词是的过去式和过去分词是found；found的的过去式和过去分词是过去式和过去分词是foundede.g. They invested
3、 a lot of money to found a research institute.The house is founded on rock.founder n. 创办人；创立者创办人；创立者【语境应用语境应用】 用用 found的适当形式完成下列句子。的适当形式完成下列句子。1. The earthquake shook the _ of the house.2. He was one of the _ of the company.3. The rich man _ a hospital and a school in the town.foundation founders fo
4、unded-tion (also ion, -ation, -ition, -sion) suffix in nouns (名词后缀名词后缀)：the action or state of 行为；行为；状态状态e.g. impress-impression reflect-reflection divide-division persuade-persuasionhesitate-hesitation explore-explorationcompete-competition define-definition【拓展拓展】2. political adj. relating to the g
5、overnment, politics, and public affairs of a country 政治政治(上上)的的; 政府的政府的; 政权政权的的e.g. Education is now a major political issue.【联想联想】politics n. 政治，政治事务政治，政治事务(活动活动)politician n. 政治家，从政者政治家，从政者politicise vt. 使使政治化，使具有政治化，使具有政治性政治性e.g. The Olympic Games should not be politicised.He retired from politic
6、s in 2016.3. Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, its often informally referred to as “down under”.located adj. situated in a particular spot or position位于位于；坐落；坐落于于e.g. The country is located in the northern part of Europe. Our office is located in the city
7、centre. 两两个短语都作状语个短语都作状语refer toas: to speak ofas 将将称作称作e.g. Smoking is usually referred to as a bad habitI heard them refer to her as “Big Sister”【联想联想】refer to: 1) 参考参考，查阅查阅 2)指的指的是是 3)提到，谈到，提到，谈到，涉及涉及e.g. The expert spoke for an hour without referring to her notes.I believe Frank wasnt referring
8、to me when he said someone was not careful.In Peters speech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada.【语境应用语境应用】汉译英汉译英。1. 我我再也不想提这件事了再也不想提这件事了。2. 不用看书我也能回答这些问题不用看书我也能回答这些问题。3. 英语被称为世界语言。英语被称为世界语言。 I dont want to refer to this matter any more. I can answer these questions without referring to the book.
9、English is referred to as the world language.4. Bakeries, fast-food joints, butcher shops, cafes, and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world.joint n. 1) a cheap bar, club, or restaurant 廉价酒馆廉价酒馆(俱乐部俱乐部，餐厅餐厅)2) a part of your body that can bend because two bo
10、nes meet there 关节关节3) a place where two things or parts of an object are joined together 接合接合处处; 接缝接缝; 接头接头 joint adj. involving two or more people or groups, or owned or shared by them 联合联合的，共同的，共有的，共同的，共有的的e.g. The two ministers have issued a joint statement.Both parties must sign the form if the
11、account is to be in joint names.premier adj. best or most important 最好最好的的; 最重要最重要的的;首位的首位的e.g. Hes one of the nations premier scientists.The company has achieved a premier position in the electronics field. n. a prime minister 总理总理，首相，首相5. Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks fo
12、und on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo. 【句子结构分析句子结构分析】本本句中含有一个句中含有一个介词介词+which 引导的非限制性定语从句。引导的非限制性定语从句。which指代指代sticks。found on the ground是过去分词短语作是过去分词短语作后置定语后置定语，修饰名词，修饰名词sticks。called the didgeridoo同样是过去分词短语作同样是过去分词短语作后置定语后置定语。6. To play the didgeridoo,
13、 you put your mouth on one end and blow while vibrating your lips.vibrate v. to shake quickly and continuously with very small movements（使）颤动（使）颤动;（使）震动（使）震动;（使）（使）振动振动e.g. The floor was vibrating to the beat of the music.His voice vibrated with passion. 他激动得声音他激动得声音发颤发颤。【拓展拓展】vibration n. 颤动颤动; 振颤振
14、颤; 震动震动7. my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation.make up: 1) be the members or parts that form sth. 组成，构成组成，构成e.g. This machine is made up of 180 parts.2) to invent a story or an excuse, sometimes in order to deceive people 编造，虚构编造，虚构e.g. I think
15、 its very unkind of you to make up stories about him.3) to add sth. so that it is as large as it should be 凑足，凑足，补齐补齐e.g. We still need $200 to make up the sum required.【拓展拓展】 make oneself / sb. up 给某人化妆给某人化妆 make (it) up with sb. 与与某人和解或某人和解或和好和好 e.g. She made up her face to look prettier.She chose
16、 Maggie to make her up for her engagement photographs.Ill make it up with him again. 我我会与他重归于好。会与他重归于好。8. Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new cultural influe
17、nces contributed by immigrants.with +宾语宾语+宾语补足宾语补足语语 (with + O +OC)该该结构在句中可以结构在句中可以作定语或状语（表示条件、原因、伴随等），其中的宾语补作定语或状语（表示条件、原因、伴随等），其中的宾语补足语可以是足语可以是形容词形容词、副词副词、介词短语介词短语、动词不定式动词不定式、动词动词-ing形式形式、过去分词过去分词等等。with复合结构复合结构思考：思考：本句中本句中with复合结构属于哪种结构？复合结构属于哪种结构？e.g. Our teacher came in with a book in his hand.
18、 With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village. I have to go to bed with nothing to do. I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.With their homework finished, the children went to the playground to play basketball.With his wife away, he had to do all the housework.She
19、was still in a state of shock, with her eyes widely open.9. They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life, and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went.straightforward adj. 1) easy to do or to understand; not complicated; 简单的简单的2) honest and open 坦率的，诚
20、实的坦率的，诚实的e.g. Its quite straightforward to get here.I was impressed by his straightforward intelligent manner. feel / be at home: to feel comfortable and relaxed 无拘束，自无拘束，自由自在由自在 e.g. After a while we began to feel at home with each other.They did everything they could to make me feel at home.有时也可用有时也可用 look at homee.g. Daniel looks very at home with the children. do some research refer toas major in way of life lead to in close contact with make up personally speaking feel at home做些研究做些研究把把称作称作专攻，专业是专攻，专业是生活方式生活方式导致导致与与亲密接触亲密接触组成组成就个人而言就个人而言无无拘束，自由自在拘束，自由自在
