1、OPOP2017141310HHHHOO环化酶焦磷酸金合欢酯鲨烯2,3-环氧角鲨烯羊毛甾醇R173414甾醇13478911121315171819202122232426 27282910HHH3013478911121315171819202122232426 27282910HHH30d da am mm ma ar ra an ne e达玛烷型()ABDC20R 原人参二醇 R=H20R 原人参三醇 R=-OH20S 原人参三醇 R=-OH20S 原人参二醇 R=HHOHOHO2017141310HHHHHOHOR8H2017141310HHHHOR8H由20(S)-原人参二醇衍生的皂
2、苷:H8OglcglcHHH1013141720HORO2ginsenoside R Ra1 -glc-6-ara(p)-4-xylRa2 -glc-6-ara(f)-2-xylRb1 -glc-6-glcRb2 -glc-6-ara(p)Rc -glc-6-ara(f)Rd -glcRg1 -H(20R)20(s)-protopanaxadiolH8HOOR1HHH1013141720HOR2O20(s)-protopanaxatriolginsenoside R1 R2Re glc-2-rha glcRf glc-2-glc H(20s)OH糖O20H+HO20H+HO20H+OO20(s
3、)-protopanaxadiol20(s)-protopanaxatriol20(R)-protopanaxadiol20(R)-protopanaxatriolpanaxadiolpanaxatriol134789111213151719202122232426 27282910HH30(lanostane18H羊毛脂烷型)从灵芝中分离出一个三萜化合物,具有扶正固本之功。它的结构与羊毛甾烷相比,多了3=O,11=O,15=O,23=O,27-CH327-COOH,是羊毛甾烷的高度氧化化合物。2017141310HHHHHCOOHOOHOOOganoderic acid C302726252
4、423222120191817161514131211109876543212928T Ti ir ru uc ca al ll la an ne es sH HH HH HH HH HC CH H3 3O OO OH H724320173 3- -o ox xo ot ti ir ru uc ca al ll la a- -7 7, ,2 24 4- -d di ie en ne e- -2 23 3- -o ol lH91920(cycloartane)环阿屯型膜荚黄芪Astragalusmembranaceus,具有补气,强壮之功效。从其中分离鉴定的皂苷有近20个,多数皂苷的苷元为环黄芪
5、醇 cycloastragenol 。19HH10131417OHR1OOR2OOR32024cycloastragenol H H Hastragaloside I xyl(2,3-diAc) glc Hastragaloside V glc_xyl- H glcastragaloside VII xyl glc glc R1 R2 R3 HHHH918(cucurbitane)葫芦烷型1085520HHH HO OO OO OH HO OO OH HO OA Ac c2361191823162519C Cu uc cu ur rb bi it ta ac ci in n I Ia aH H
6、O O从雪胆属植物小蛇莲Hemsleya amabilis根中分离得到的 雪胆甲素和雪胆乙素,临床上用于治疗急性痢疾、肺结核、慢性气管炎等。8H HH HH H9M Me el li ia ac ca an ne es s123456789101112131415161718192021232425262728293022齐墩果烷(oleanane)A/B, B/C, C/D trans, D/E cisAEDCBCOOHHHO齐墩果酸(olennolic acid)COOHHOROH甘草次酸甘草酸乌拉尔甘草皂苷A乌拉尔甘草皂苷B黄甘草皂苷RH-D-gluA2-D-gluA4-D-gluA3-
7、D-gluA2-D-glu A-D-glu A-D-glu A-D-glu A-OHCH2OHHOHOCH2R1CH2OHR2R1R2OHOHHOHOHOH-柴胡皂苷元A柴胡皂苷元D柴胡皂苷元C柴胡皂苷元BA/B, B/C, C/D trans, D/E cisHHH232526272930乌苏烷 (ursane)1920H HH HH HC CO OO OH HH HO OU Ur rs so on ni ic c a ac ci id dH地榆皂甙B R=H地榆皂甙E R=3-Ac-glcAra(p)HHCOORH HO OH H2 2C CH HH HH HC CO OO OH HH H
8、O OH HO OA As si ia at ti ic c a ac ci id d从积雪草(Centella asiatica)中分离到的 积雪草酸:DEHHHH192021222930羽羽扇扇豆豆烷烷(lupane)白桦脂醇(betulin)存在于中草药酸枣仁、桦树皮、棍栏树皮、槐花等中。白桦脂酸(betulinic acid) 存在于酸枣仁、桦树皮、柿蒂、天门冬、石榴树皮及叶、睡菜叶等中。羽扇豆醇(lupeol)存在于羽扇豆种皮中。羽扇豆醇 R=CH3白桦脂醇 R=CH2OH白桦脂酸 R=COOHRHO272625242322211918171615141312111098765432
9、1HHHH202930H3029222120C CH H2 2O OH HH HH HH HH HC CO OO OH HH HH HO O2 23 3- -H Hy yd dr ro ox xy yb be et tu ul li in ni ic c a ac ci id d从白头翁(Pulsatilla chinensis)中分离得到的 23羟基白桦酸:HHHH2324252627HH28木栓烷齐墩果烯COOHOHO23242627H28雷公藤酮石石见见穿穿粗粗粉粉氯氯仿仿提提取取氯氯仿仿提提取取液液浓浓缩缩至至小小体体积积, ,放放置置, ,过过滤滤固固体体析析出出物物方方法法( (1
10、 1) )溶溶于于适适量量甲甲醇醇甲甲醇醇溶溶液液加加少少量量硅硅胶胶拌拌匀匀, ,加加热热除除去去溶溶剂剂,上上硅硅胶胶柱柱硅硅胶胶柱柱( (1 1) )环环己己烷烷- -乙乙酸酸乙乙酯酯( (9 9: :1 1) )洗洗脱脱除除去去亲亲脂脂性性较较强强成成分分( (2 2) )环环己己烷烷- -乙乙酸酸乙乙酯酯( (8 8: :2 2) )洗洗脱脱T TL LC C检检查查齐齐墩墩果果酸酸部部分分方方法法( (2 2) )少少量量苯苯洗洗涤涤( (除除去去亲亲脂脂性性较较强强成成分分) )淡淡黄黄色色固固体体9 95 5% %乙乙醇醇溶溶解解( (1 1: :1 10 00 0) )过过滤
11、滤、浓浓缩缩、放放置置齐齐墩墩果果酸酸粗粗品品反反复复重重结结晶晶齐齐墩墩果果酸酸纯纯品品回回收收溶溶剂剂齐齐墩墩果果酸酸粗粗品品9 95 5% %乙乙醇醇重重结结晶晶齐齐墩墩果果酸酸纯纯品品醇醇提提药药材材醇醇提提液液减减压压浓浓缩缩后后, ,加加适适量量水水,亲亲脂脂性性溶溶剂剂萃萃取取亲亲脂脂性性杂杂质质水水层层正正丁丁醇醇萃萃取取正正丁丁醇醇层层通通过过大大孔孔吸吸附附树树脂脂柱柱,水水: :醇醇 ( (极极性性递递减减) )洗洗脱脱洗洗脱脱液液蒸蒸干干总总皂皂苷苷R3R1R2+HORDA齐墩果烯或乌苏烯12HHR3R2HOR1HC环断裂羽扇豆烷型HOHHHHO+H2CHOC环断裂HOHHOHHRDA+33AcOOAcHH