1、Unit 25 Mould Design and ManufacturingContentslNew Words&Expressions lText&TranslationlComplex Sentence AnalysislKey to ExercisesNew Words&Expressions lmould muld n.模具lscreen skri:n n.屏幕，隔板lanimation nimein n.动画片ldigital simulation model 数字模拟模型llegion li:dn n.多，大批，无数lcreative krieitiv adj.创造力的lperip
2、heral prifrl adj.外围的，周边的linspection inspekn n.检查，检验，审视New Words&Expressions lconjunction kndkn n.结合，关联，连接lcritical kritikl adj.关键性的 lplotter plt n.绘图员，绘图机lpreliminary prilim,nri adj.预备的，初步的lsplit split adj.分割的，对分的lcavity kvti n.型腔lrun-off rn:f n.流出口，流放口New Words&Expressions lshut-off t:f n.截流，断流leje
3、ction system 脱模系统lcatalog ktlg n.(图书、商品等的)目录，目录册，目录簿ltedious ti:dis adj.沉闷的，冗长乏味的linitiate iniiet vt.启动，开始lresult in 导致，结果是lmultifunction n.多功能lredundant ridndnt adj.多余的，冗余的lin a nutshell 总之Text&TranslationlCAD and CAM are widely applied in mould design and mould making.1CAD allows you to draw a mod
4、el on screen，then view it from every angle using 3-D animation and,finally,to test it by introducing various parameters into the digital simulation models(pressure,temperature,impact，etc.).CAM,on the other hand，allows you to control the manufacturing quality.The advantages of these computer technolo
5、gies are legion:It can shorten the design time，lower cost and fasten manufacturing,etc.This new approach also allows shorter production runs,and to make last-minute changes to the mould for a particular part.Finally，also，these new processes can be used to make complex parts.Text&Translationl1.CAD of
6、 Mould lTraditionally，the creation of drawings of mould tools has been a time-consuming task that is not part of the creative process.Drawing is far from being a desirable part of process，but an indispensable part.lCAD means using the computer and peripheral devices to simplify and enhance the desig
7、n process.CAD systems offer an efficient means of design，and can be used to create inspection programs when used in conjunction with coordinate measuring machines and other inspection equipment.CAD data also can play a critical role in selecting process sequence.Text&TranslationlA CAD system consist
8、s of three basic components：hardware，software and user.The hardware components of a typical CAD system include a processor，a system display，a keyboard，a digitizer，and a plotter.The software components of a CAD system consist of the programs which allow it to perform design and drafting functions.The
9、 user is the dominator，who combines the hardware with the software to perform design process.Text&TranslationlBased on the 3-D data of the product，the core and cavity have to be designed first.Usually the designer begins with a preliminary part design，which means the work around the core and cavity
10、could change.Modern CAD systems can support this with calculating a split line for a defined draft direction，splitting the part in the core and cavity side and generating the run-off or shut-off surfaces.After the calculation of the optimal draft of the part，the position and direction of the cavity，
11、slides and inserts have to be defined.Text&TranslationlThen，in the conceptual stage，the positions and the geometry of the mould components are roughly defined such as slides，ejection system，etc.With this information，the size and thickness of the plates can be defined and the corresponding standard m
12、ould can be chosen from the standard catalog.If no standard mould fits these needs，the standard mould that comes nearest to the requirements is chosen and changed accordinglyby adjusting the constraints and parameters so that any number of plates with any size can be used in the mould.Detailing the
13、functional components and adding the standard components complete the mould(see Fig.25.1).This all happens in 3-D.Moreover，the mould system provides functions for the checking，modifying and detailing of the part.Drawings and bill of materials can be generated automatically in this early stage.Text&T
14、ranslationFig.25.1 3-D Solid Model of MouldText&TranslationlThrough the use of 3-D and the intelligence of the mould design system，typical 2-D mistakes can be eliminated at the beginning such as a collision between cooling and components/cavities or the wrong position of a hole.2At any stage a bill
15、of materials and drawings can be createdallowing the material to be ordered on time and always having an actual document to discuss with the customer or a bid for a mould base manufacturer.Text&TranslationlThe use of a special 3-D mould design system can shorten development cycles，improve mould qual
16、ity，enhance teamwork and free designers from the tedious routine work.The economical success，however，relies heavily on the organization of the workflow.The development cycle can only be shortened when the departments of part design，mould design，electric design and mould manufacturing combine their j
17、oint efforts together.Text&Translationl2.CAM of Mould lMaking best use of the equipment and personnel can greatly reduce the cost of manufacturing and lead-time.The foundation for this type of manufacturing system is the use of CAD data to help in making key process decisions that ultimately improve
18、 machining precision and reduce non-productive time.This is called as computer aided manufacturing(CAM).3The objective of CAM is to produce，if possible，sections of a mould without intermediate steps by initiating machining operations from the computer workstation.Text&TranslationlWith a good CAM sys
19、tem，automation does not just occur within individual features.Automation of machining processes also occurs between all of the features that make up a part，resulting in tool-path optimization.As you create features，the CAM system constructs a process plan for you.Operations are ordered based on a sy
20、stem analysis to reduce tool changes and the number of tools used.Text&TranslationlConcerning the development of CAM，the trend is toward newer technologies and processes such as micro milling to support the manufacturing of high-precision injection moulds with complex 3-D structures and high surface
21、 qualities.CAM software will continue to add to the depth and breadth of the machining intelligence inherent in the software until the CNC programming process becomes completely automatic.This is especially true for advanced multifunction machine tools that require a more flexible combination of mac
22、hining operations.CAM software will continue to automate more and more of manufacturings redundant work that can be handled faster and more accurately by computer，while retaining the control that machinists need.Text&Translationl4With the emphasis in the mould making industry today on producing moul
23、ds in the most efficient manner while still maintaining quality,mouldmakers need to keep up with the latest software technology packages that will allow them to program and cut complex moulds quickly so that mould production time can be reduced.In a nutshell，the industry is moving toward improving t
24、he quality of data exchange between CAD and CAM as well as CAM to the CNC，and CAM software is becoming more“intelligent”as it relates to machining processesresulting in reduction in both cycle time and overall machining time.Five-axis machining also is emerging as a“must have”on the shop floorespeci
25、ally when dealing with deep cavities.And with the adoption of electronic data processing(EDP)in the mould making industry，new chances have arisen in mould-making to shorten production time，reduce cost and improve product quality.Text&TranslationlCAD 和CAM 广泛用于模具的设计和制造中。CAD 允许你在屏幕上画出模型，然后采用三维动画从各个角度进行
26、察看，最后通过在数字仿真模型上引入各类参数(压力、温度、冲力等)进行测试。从另一方面来说 CAM能够控制制造质量。这些计算机技术有很多优点：设计时间短(可用计算机的速度进行修改)、费用低、制造快等。这种新的方法还允许进行小批量生产，可以在最后一分钟对某个特定零件的模具进行改动。最后这些新工艺还可用来制造复杂的零件。Text&Translationl1.模具的计算机辅助设计 l一直以来模具的制图是一项费时的任务，它不属于创造性工艺过程的一部分。制图不是工艺过程所要求的部分，但对工艺组织来说是必要的。Text&Translationl计算机辅助设计(CAD)是指采用计算机及其外围装置来简化和提高设
27、计过程。CAD 系统提供了一种高效的设计方法，并且当它和坐标测量机器和其他检验设备结合使用时可用来创立检验程序。在选择工艺顺序时CAD 数据将发挥关键的作用。l一个CAD 系统由3 个基本的部件组成：硬件、软件、用户。一个典型的CAD 系统的硬件部分包括一个处理器、一个系统显示器、一个键盘、一个数字转换器和一个绘图仪。而CAD 系统的软件部分由允许其完成设计和画图功能的程序组成。用户是模具的设计者，他采用硬件和软件来完成设计过程。Text&Translationl在产品的三维数据的基础上，应首先对模芯和型腔进行设计。通常设计人员先进行零件的预设计，这意味着可以改变围绕模芯和型腔所进行的工作。现
28、代CAD 系统可支持该设计，先针对确定好的画图方向计算出一条分模线，将零件分成模芯和型腔两侧，并生成出流表面和截流表面。在计算出零件的最佳设计草案后，再确定型腔、滑道和嵌件的位置和方向。然后在初步设计阶段，粗略地定出模具部件的位置和几何形状例如滑动装置、喷出系统等。有了这些信息，便可确定板的大小和厚度，并从产品标准目录中选取相应的标准模具。如果没有一个标准的模具能满足需要，则选择和要求最接近的标准模具并做相应修改通过调整限制和参数使得任意数量的任意尺寸的板子都能用于模具中。对功能部件进行细化，并加入标准部件完成整个模具的设计（如图25-1)。这一切均在三维空间中进行。此外，模具系统还提供了对零
29、件进行检查、修改和细化的功能。早在这个阶段，就可以自动生成图纸和材料清单了。Text&Translation图25-1 模具的三维立体模型Text&Translationl通过运用模具设计系统的三维设计及功能，可在开始阶段就消除二维设计中的典型错误例如冷却系统和部件/型腔间的碰撞或孔的位置错误。在任何阶段都能生成材料和图纸的清单从而能够准时定购材料，并且总是具备实际的文件可用来与客户进行探讨，或者对模具制造商来说总是能给出报价。l一个特定的三维模具设计系统的使用能缩短研发周期。提高模具质量，增进团队合作，使设计人员从沉闷的日常工作中解脱出来。但经济上的成功主要取决于工作流程的组织。只有采取了适
30、当的组织方法和人员评估策略才能缩短研发周期。零件设计、模具设计、电气设计以及模具制造部门必须紧密合作，协同工作。Text&Translationl2.模具的计算机辅助制造模具的计算机辅助制造 l减少制造费用和研发周期的一个方法是建立能够充分发挥设备和人员潜能的制造系统。这类制造系统的基础是采用CAD 数据来帮助对主要工艺做出决策，使得最终能够提高机器精度并减少不直接从事生产的时间。这就被称为计算机辅助制造(CAM)。CAM 的目的是，如果可能的话，通过从计算机工作站启动机器运作，从而直接生产出模具断面而不需要经过中间步骤。Text&Translationl对于一个好的CAM 系统，自动化不仅仅
31、体现在某个独立的产品特点上。加工工艺的自动化还体现在组成一个零件的各个侧面之间，最终导致方法路径的最优化。当你要产生多种特征时，CAM 系统会为你构建一个工艺规划。它会在系统分析的基础上指定操作步骤以减少工具的变动以及所采用的工具的数目。Text&Translationl在CAM 方面，发展趋势是新技术和新工艺，例如微研磨，以支持带复杂三维结构和高表面质量的高精度注塑模具的制造。CAM 软件将继续在软件本身固有的智能化加工的深度和广度上发展，直至计算机数值控制(CNC)编程工艺变成完全自动化。对于要求加工操作步骤能更灵活地组合在一起的先进的多功能加工工具来说尤其如此。CAM 软件在保持机械师所
32、需要的控制的同时，将继续使冗余的制造工艺逐渐自动化，使其通过计算机更快、更精确地进行操作。Text&Translationl在强调模具制造业在维持质量的同时还要以最高效的方式制造模具的今天，模具制造商们需要紧跟最新的软件技术包，以便使他们能够快速地规划并制造出复杂的模具，从而减少模具生产时间。简言之，模具制造业正朝着提高CAD 和CAM 之间以及CAM 和CNC 之间数据交换的质量方向发展，并且CAM 软件在涉及加工工艺方面变得更为智能化从而减少了生产周期和总的加工时间。同时五轴加工已作为“必须有的”加工方式出现在车间工场上尤其是在涉及型腔较深的场合。随着电子数据处理(EDP)被引入模具制造业
33、，模具制造出现了新的发展机会，从而可以缩短生产时间、提高成本效率并获得更高的质量。Complex Sentence Analysisl1 CAD allows you to draw a model on screen,then view it from every angle using 3-D animation and,finally,to test it by introducing various parameters into the digital simulation models(pressure,temperature,impact,etc.).CAD 允许你在屏幕上画出模
34、型，然后采用三维动画从各个角度进行察看，最后通过在数字仿真模型上引入各类参数(压力、温度、冲击力等)进行测试。l draw，view 和 test 表示3个并列的操作.l digital simulation model：数字模拟模型.Complex Sentence Analysisl2 At any stage a bill of materials and drawings can be createdallowing the material to be ordered on time and always having an actual document to discuss wi
35、th the customer or a bid for a mould base manufacturer.在任何阶段都能生成材料和图纸的清单从而能够准时定购材料，并且总是具备实际的文件可用来与客户进行探讨，或者对模具制造商来说总是能给出报价。l a bill of materials：材料清单l allowing 和having 两个现在分词引导的状语从句，在这里表示并列的两层意思.l a bid 和an actual document 做having 的宾语.Complex Sentence Analysisl3 The objective of CAM is to produce,if
36、 possible,sections of a mould without intermediate steps by initiating machining operations from the computer workstation.CAM 的目的是，如果可能的话，通过从计算机工作站启动机器运作，从而直接生产出模具零件而不需要经过中间步骤。l if possible：插入语，翻译的时候可先去掉，最后再加上.l by：通过方式.Complex Sentence Analysisl4 With the emphasis in the mould making industry today
37、 on producing moulds in the most efficient manner while still maintaining quality,mouldmakers need to keep up with the latest software technologies-packages that will allow them to program and cut complex moulds quickly so that mould production time can be reduced.在强调模具制造业在维持质量的同时还要以最高效的方式制造模具的今天，模具
38、制造商们需要紧跟最新的软件技术包，以便使他们能够快速地编程并制造出复杂的模具，从而减少模具生产时间。l in the most efficient manner：修饰 producing moulds。l keep up with：紧跟l that：在这里引导了一个宾语从句.Key to Exercisesl.Translate the following phrases into Chinese or English.l1.模具设计与制造l2.3-D animationl3.外围装置l4.in conjunction withl5.标准模具l6.micro millingl7.软件技术包l8
39、.five-axis machiningl9.电子数据处理l10.mould making industryKey to Exercisesl.Mark the following statements with True(T)or False(F)according to the text.l1.Tl2.Fl3.Tl4.Fl5.TKey to Exercisesl.Fill in the blanks with the suitable words or phrases given below.l1.such binationl6.retainingKey to Exercisesl.Translate the Chinese parts given in the brackets into English.l1.Based on the 3-D data of the productl2.in the conceptual stagel3.improve mould qualityl4.resulting in tool-path optimizationl5.improve cost efficiencieslThe end!
