1、新概念英语2130课文详解新概念第一册21-22 课文详解及练习答案v v课文详注课文详注 Further notes on the text v1Give me a book please,Jane.请拿本书给我，简。v这是一个祈使句。祈使句表示请求或命令。（请参见Lessons 1314语法部分的说明。）表示客气的请求时，通常加please。v v2Which book?哪一本？v 是Which book do you want?的省略形式。下文中的This one?是Do you want this one?的省略形式。No,not that one是No,I do not want t
2、hat one的省略形式。口语中常用这样的省略句。v 3This one?是这本吗？v 相当于：Do you want this one?one是不定代词，代替 a book，以避免重复。one的复数形式是ones。one和ones前面都可用定冠词，也可有自己的定语。v4数字1，010，1，011，1，016的英文写法v 1，010-a thousand and ten;1，011-a thousand and eleven;1，016-a thousand and sixteenv语法 Grammar in usev 1人称代词v 代词，顾名思义，就是用来代替名词或名词短语的词，在已经知道所
3、指的是谁或什么的情况下使用，以免行文重复。人称代词有主格和宾格之分。在陈述句中，主格代词差不多总是位于动词之前。宾格代词可代替处于宾语位置上的名词，它们可以作直接宾语和间接宾语。v Give me/him/her/us/them a book.给我/他/她/我们/他（她）们一本书。（宾格代词）v v2which引导的非凡疑问句（请参见Lessons 56中语法部分的说明。）v 用which+名词可询问物体（单数或复数）或物质。which总是说明一种限定的、特指的选择。如：v Which book/books do you prefer?你喜欢哪本哪些书？v Which car do you l
4、ike best?你最喜欢哪种汽车？v词汇学习 Word studyv 1large与bigv v（1）large仅指物理量值的大，是small的反义词。vlarge主要指体积、面积、外形、数量方面的大，修饰人时指个子大。如：v China is a large country.中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家。v Look at that large woman in white.瞧那个身穿白色衣服、个子高大的女人。v v（2）big所表示的大，主要指不仅体积大而且很重。所以a large box未必big。big在修饰人时，主要指大人物，但个子未必高大。如：vIt is a big house.这
5、是一所大房子。（此句指不仅体积大，而且给人深刻的或坚固的印象。）v Shes very big in the filmdom.她在电影界中是个响当当的人物。（此句指不仅成功，且具有很大的影响力。）v 2small与littlev（1）small指物理量值的小或少，是large的反义词，不带什么感情色彩。如：v It is a small factory.这是一个小新概念。vI want the small one with the yellow handle.我想要带新概念把手的那个小的。v（2）little也表示小或少，但有小而可爱的感情色彩，是big的反义词。如：v There is a
6、little garden behind our house.我们的屋后有个小花园。（此句表示花园虽小，但很可爱。）v She has the sweetest little smiles.她的微笑十分甜蜜可爱。v 练习答案 Key to written exercisesv Lesson 22vAv1 Is this Nicolas coat?No,its not.Her coat is grey.v2 Are these your pens?No,theyre not.My pens are blue.v3 Is this Mr.Jacksons hat?No,its not.His ha
7、t is black.v4 Are these the childrens books?No,theyre not.Their books are red.v5 Is this Helens dog?No,its not.Her dog is brown and white.v 6 Is this your fathers tie?No,its not.His tie is orange.v Bv 1 Give me a cup please.v Which one?This dirty one?v No,not this dirty one.That clean one.v Here you
8、 are.v Thank you.v 2 Give me a glass please.v Which one?This empty one?v No,not this empty one.That full one.v Here you are.v Thank you.v v3 Give me a bottle please.v Which one?This large one?v No,not this large one.That small one.v Here you are.v Thank you.v 4 Give me a box please.v Which one?This
9、big one?v No,not this big one.That little one.v Here you are.v Thank you.v 5 Give me a tin please.v Which one?This new one?v No,not this new one.That old one.v Here you are.v Thank you.v 6 Give me a knife please.v Which one?This sharp one?v No,not this sharp one.That blunt one.v Here you are.v Thank
10、 you.v v7 Give me a spoon please.v Which one?This new one?v No,not this new one.That old one.v Here you are.v Thank you.v 8 Give me a fork please.v Which one?This large one?v No,not this large one.That small one.v Here you are.v Thank you.新概念第一册23-24 课文详解及练习答案v 课文详注课文详注 Further notes on the text v 1
11、动词的双宾语v 在Give me some glasses中，动词give后面有两个宾语，即直接宾语some glasses和间接宾语me。人称代词作宾语时要用人称代词的宾格。请参见Lessons 2122语法部分。v 2The ones on the shelf.是架子上的那几只。v 本句是省略句，句首省略了I want。句中的ones代表glasses。on the shelf是介词短语，作定语，修饰ones。v 3These?这几只？v 是Do you want these?的省略形式。v v4Yes,please.是的，请拿给我。v 当别人问你要不要某物而你同意要时，就可用这句话。假如
12、你不同意要，则应说：No,thank you.不，谢谢。v v5数字1，117，1，420，1，925，2，000的英文写法v 1，117-one thousand one hundred and seventeen;1，420-one thousand four hundred and twentyv 1，925-one thousand nine hundred and twenty-five;2，000-two thousandv语法 Grammar in usev on引导的介词短语v（1）我们经常在名词、名词短语、代词或动名词前面用介词表示人物、事件等与其他人物、事件等之间的各种关系
13、，如空间关系、时间关系、因果关系等。介词始终带有宾语。即使介词与宾语分开时，这种关系仍必定存在。有许多固定的介词短语常可见到。许多介词短语是由介词+名词（+介词）构成的，如：on time（准时），in the middle of（在中间）。v v（2）当我们从不同的角度看空间中的位置时，应根据我们想要表达的意思来选择介词。想表示在一个表面（即看来是平面）上面时，就可用介词on：v the pens on the desk桌上的钢笔 the boxes on the floor地板上的盒子v the bottles on the dressing table梳妆台上的瓶子 the magazi
14、nes on the bed床上的杂志v 词汇学习 Word study desk与tablev 在汉语中，这两个词都被称为“桌子”，而在英语中，它们仍是有所区别的。v（1）desk通常指有抽屉的桌子，用于办公、读书、写字等，即“书桌”、“写字台”、“办公桌”：vHe is working at his desk.他正在自己的书桌前用功。v I put it on his desk.我把它放在他的办公桌上了。v v（2）table通常指由若干条腿支撑着的平板，没有抽屉，即“餐桌”、“会议桌”、“工作台”、“手术台”等：v Ive booked a table for two at 7.00.我
15、预订了一张两人桌，是在7点钟。v They sat round the table and made this big decision.他们围坐在会议桌旁，作出了这个重大的决定。v 练习答案 Key to written exercisesv Lesson 24vAv1 Give Jane this watch.Give her this one,too.v2 Give the children these ice creams.Give them these,too.v3 Give Tom this book.Give him this one,too.v4 That is my pass
16、port.Give me my passport please.v5 That is my coat.Give me my coat please.v6 Those are our umbrellas.Give us our umbrellas please.vBv1 Give me some pens please.v Which ones?These?v No,not those.The ones on the desk.v2 Give me some ties please.v Which ones?These?v No,not those.The ones on the chair.v
17、3 Give me some spoons please.v Which ones?These?v No,not those.The ones on the table.v4 Give me some plates please.v Which ones?These?v No,not those.The ones on the cupboard.v5 Give me some cigarettes please.v Which ones?These?v No,not those.The ones on the television.v6 Give me some boxes please.v
18、Which ones?These?v No,not those.The ones on the floor.v7 Give me some bottles please.v Which ones?These?v No,not those.The ones on the dressing table.v8 Give me some books please.v Which ones?These?v No,not those.The ones on the shelf.v9 Give me some magazines please.v Which ones?These?No,not those.
19、The ones on the bed.v10 Give me some newspapers please.v Which ones?These?v No,not those.The ones on the stereo.新概念第一册25-26 课文详解及练习答案v v1冠词v 课文中refrigerator一词出现了两次，它前面分别用了两种不同的冠词：a（不定冠词）和the（定冠词）。第1次提到时用不定冠词a。（请参见Lessons56语法部分。）第2次时就不再是泛指任何一个，而是特指所指的那个了，因此要用定冠词the。（请参见本课语法部分的说明。）v 2数字3，000，5，000，10，
20、000的英文写法v 3，000-three thousand;5，000-five thousand;10，000-ten thousandv 语法 Grammar in usev 1定冠词thev（1）定冠词the不论指人还是指物、单数还是复数，其形式都不变。v（2）the的发音：the在辅音前读/J+/，如：the floor,the table,the bed,the desk;the在元音（即一般前面用an的词的首字母）之前发/J!:;:/,如the engineer,the ice cream,the old man,the open window。当我们想使听话者非凡注重the后面
21、的名词时，the就读为/J!:/，意思是“这一个而且只是这一个”或“主要是这一个”。v（3）the的基本用法：v A the通常有明确的所指（即以说话人或听话人已知的人或物为前提）；v B the可与单数可数名词、复数可数名词及不可数名词（总是单数形式）连用。v 2where引导的非凡疑问句v where用来询问地点（或是确切的情况，或是一般的情况）。对where疑问句的回答可以是整句、短语或单个的词。如：v Where is the refrigerator?冰箱在哪里？On the right./Its on the right.在右边。v词汇学习 Word studyv 1cup n.v
22、（1）杯子（一般带柄，用于盛热饮料，如茶或咖啡）：vI have a beautiful set of tea cups.我有一套漂亮的茶杯。v Id like a cup of tea.我想喝一杯茶。v（2）一杯饮料；一杯咖啡：v Would you like another cup?你要再来一杯吗？v You can get a good cup at Lucy s Caf.你能在露西咖啡馆喝到一杯上好的咖啡。v 2glass n.v（1）玻璃杯或有脚的玻璃杯：v Give me a glass of water,please.请给我一杯水。v Theres a clean wine gl
23、ass on the table.桌上有一只干净的酒杯。v v（2）杯中物；酒：v He has had a glass too much.他多喝了一杯（或喝醉了）。v Id like to enjoy a glass now and then.我喜欢不时喝点酒。v 练习答案 Key to written exercisesv Lesson 26vAv1 Give me a glass.Which glass?The empty one.v2 Give me some cups.Which cups?The cups on the table.v3 Is there a book on the
24、 table?Yes,there is.Is the book red?v4 Is there a knife in that box?Yes,there is.Is the knife sharp?vBv1 Theres a cup on the table.The cup is clean.v2 Theres a box on the floor.The box is large.v3 Theres a a glass in the cupboard.The glass is empty.v4 Theres a knife on the plate.The knife is sharp.v
25、5 Theres a fork on the tin.The fork is dirty.v6 Theres a bottle in the refrigerator.The bottle is full.v7 Theres a pencil on the desk.The pencil is blunt.新概念第一册27-28 课文详解及练习答案v课文详注课文详注 Further notes on the text v 1Where are they?它们在哪里？v 句中they指图中的那些东西。（可参见Lessons 2526语法部分。）v 2数字9，999与10，001的英文写法v 9，
26、999-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine;10，001-ten thousand and onev 语法 Grammar in usev 1therebe结构（2）v（1）therebe结构变成疑问句时，只需将动词be和there互换位置，句子其余部分不变。如：vIs there a dirty fork on the plate?碟子上有一个脏的叉子吗？v Is there a full bottle in the cupboard?橱柜里有一瓶酒吗？v Are there any ties on the floor?地上有一些领带吗？v
27、Are there any newspapers on the shelf?架子上有些报纸吗？v（2）therebe结构变成否定句时，需在动词be后加not（any）或no。如：v No,there is not a fork on the plate.没有，碟子上没有叉子。v No,there isnt one in the cupboard.没有，橱柜里一个也没有。v No,there arent any ties on the floor.没有，地板上没有任何领带。v No,there are no newspapers on the shelf.没有，架子上没有任何报纸。v 2some
28、和any的用法v 在英语中，some和any是两个最常用的数量词。用some和any时，一般不必精确地说明数量到底有多么大或多么小。它们的作用经常像是a/an的复数。v（1）some（表示确定的数量）表示“某些但不是全部”的意思，通常用于肯定句中。在疑问句中，所希望的回答是Yes时也可使用some。如：v There is some water in the glass.玻璃杯里有些水。v There are some cigarettes in the box.盒子里有些雪茄。v Have you got some paper-clips in that box?你那只盒子里有一些回形针吧？
29、（我知道或我认为你有一些，故希望你会说“有”。）v some加可数名词或不可数名词时，在流畅的话语中一般不重读，而念为/s+m/。v（2）any（表示不确定的数量）通常用在含有not或-nt的否定句中，也用于表示我们不能确定答案是肯定还是否定，或者用于预料得到的回答是No的疑问句中。如：v There are not any spoons in the cupboard.橱柜中没有任何汤匙。v There arent any plates on the dressing table.梳妆台上任何碟子都没有。v 词汇学习 Word studyv near adj.v（1）靠近的，接近的：vThe
30、 television is near the window.电视机在窗户旁边。vThere are some shoes on the floor.Theyre near the bed.地板上有些鞋子。它们在床四周。v（2）关系接近的，亲近的：vShe is a near friend of mine.她是我的一位密友。vMy uncle is my nearest relative.我叔叔是我血缘最近的亲戚。v（3）近似的；几乎是的：v The picture may not be an exact replica but its pretty near.这幅画也许不是一件一模一样的复制
31、品，但它已酷似原作了。v练习答案 Key to written exercisesv Lesson 28vAv1 There are some pencils on the desk.v2 There are some knives near that tin.v3 There are some policemen in the kitchen.v4 There are some newspapers in the living room.v5 There are some keyboard operators in the office.vBv1 Are there any books in
32、 the room?vNo,there arent any books in the room.vThere are some magazines.vWhere are they?vTheyre on the television.v 2 Are there any ties on the floor?vNo,there arent any ties on the floor.vThere are some shoes.vWhere are they?vTheyre near the bed.v 3 Are there any glasses on the cupboard?vNo,there
33、 arent any glasses on the cupboard.vThere are some bottles.vWhere are they?vTheyre near those tins.v 4 Are there any newspapers on the shelf?vNo,there arent any newspapers on the shelf.vThere are some tickets.vWhere are they?vTheyre in that handbag.v 5 Are there any forks on the table?vNo,there aren
34、t any forks on the table.vThere are some knives.vWhere are they?vTheyre in that box.v 6 Are there any cups on the stereo?vNo,there arent any cups on the stereo.vThere are some glasses.vWhere are they?vTheyre near those bottles.v 7 Are there any cups in the kitchen?vNo,there arent any cups in the kit
35、chen.vThere are some plates.vWhere are they?vTheyre on the cooker.v 8 Are there any glasses in the kitchen?vNo,there arent any glasses in the kitchen.vThere are some bottles.vWhere are they?vTheyre in the refrigerator.v 9 Are there any books in the room?vNo,there arent any books in the room.vThere a
36、re some pictures.vWhere are they?vTheyre on the wall.v 10 Are there any chairs in the room?vNo,there arent any chairs in the room.vThere are some armchairs.vWhere are they?vTheyre near the table新概念第一册29-30 课文详解及练习答案 v课文详注课文详注 Further notes on the text v 1untidy，乱，不整洁。un-是前缀，表示“not”这类否定的意思。v 2air the
37、 room，给房间通通风。v 这里的air作动词用。名词作动词用是英语构词法的一种。又如：dust(n.)灰尘；(v.)掸掉灰尘。v 语法 Grammar in usev must(1)vmust是一个情态助动词，表示“必须”、“应当”，与have to相似，表示不可逃避的义务。在说话人看来，没有选择余地。但是，must带有个人色彩，表示说话人的主观意图。表示个人感情时通常用must。You must（你必须）表示说话人说/认为是必要的。如：v You must sweep the floor.你必须扫地。（我说这有必要）v词汇学习 Word studyv 1airv（1）n.空气，新鲜空气：
38、vLets go out and breathe some fresh air.咱们出去呼吸点新鲜空气吧。v v（2）n.空中，空间：v He likes to stay in the open air.他喜欢在户外呆着。v v（3）v.晾（衣服、被褥等）；使通风：v Open the windows and air the room.打开窗户使房间通风。v Leave the trousers on the washing-line to air.把裤子挂到晾衣绳上去晾干。v 2emptyv（1）v.使空；把倒出（移出）：v Empty the bottle of milk.倒光瓶里的牛奶。
39、v They emptied the house.他们把房屋搬空了。v（2）v.流出；走出：v The river emptied itself into the sea.河水流入大海。v It was raining,and the streets began to empty.天下起了雨，街上的行人开始稀少了。v（3）adj.空的：v There are some empty bottles in the refrigerator.冰箱里有一些空瓶子。v Her purse is empty.她的钱包是空的。v（4）adj.空虚的，无意义的：v Its an empty dream.这是个
40、不现实的梦想。vOfficials were flattered by empty complements.官员们被空洞的恭维话弄得心里美滋滋的。v（5）adj.呆板的，毫无表情的：vShe looked at him with empty eyes.她木然地看着他。v He said all this in an empty voice.他用一种呆板的声调说了这一切。v 练习答案 Key to written exercisesvLesson 30vAv1 Clean it!v2 Shut it!v3 Open it!vBv1 Shut the door!v2 Open the window!v3 Put on your shirt!v4 Take off your shoes!v5 Turn on the stereo!v6 Turn off the tap!v7 Sweep the floor!v8 Clean the blackboard!v9 Dust the cupboard!v10 Empty the cup!v11 Read this magazine!v12 Sharpen these knives!
