1、1._ n.霍乱霍乱2._ adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的3._ n.腹泻腹泻4._ n.脱水脱水5._ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的6._ adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的7._n.微生物；细菌；病菌微生物；细菌；病菌8._n.证据；证明；检验证据；证明；检验9._adj.数量多的；多种多样的数量多的；多种多样的choleraseverediarrhoeadehydrationfrustratedcontradictorygermproofmultiple10._ n.泵；抽水机；打气筒泵；抽水机；
2、打气筒11._ n.一家人；家庭；同住一所一家人；家庭；同住一所(套套)房子的人房子的人12._ vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象13._ vt.把把归咎于；责怪；指责归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责责备；指责14._ n.把手；拉手；柄把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等车辆、动物、工具等)15._ n.介入；出面；干涉介入；出面；干涉pumphouseholdsuspectblamehandleintervention16._ n.联系；纽带联系；纽带vt.把把连接起来；相关联连接起来；相关联
3、17._ adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的18._ adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的大量的；价值巨大的；重大的19._ n.pl.统计数字；统计资料；统计学统计数字；统计资料；统计学20._ n.流行病学流行病学21._ n.显微镜显微镜22._n.蛋白质蛋白质23._n.细胞；小房间；单间牢房细胞；小房间；单间牢房linkrawsubstantialstatisticepidemiologymicroscopeproteincell24._ n.病毒病毒25._ n.疫苗疫苗26._ n.框架；结构框架；结构27._ adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的可
4、靠的；固体的；坚实的 n.固体固体28._ vt.投射；向投射；向投以投以(视线、笑容等视线、笑容等)；投掷；投掷29._ n.阴影；影子、背光处阴影；影子、背光处30._n.彩虹彩虹31._vt.倒出；倾泻；斟倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料饮料)32._n.混凝土混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的混凝土制的；确实的；具体的virusvaccineframeworksolidcastshadowrainbowpourconcrete33._ n.血浆血浆34._ n.航空航天工业航空航天工业35._ adj.爱国的爱国的36._ n.航空制造业；航空；飞行航空制造业；航空；飞行37._ n.喷气
5、式飞机喷气式飞机38._ n.导弹导弹39._n.领导、领导地位、领导才能领导、领导地位、领导才能40._vt.追溯；追踪；查出追溯；追踪；查出 n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹痕迹；遗迹；踪迹41._adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的优秀的；杰出的；明显的plasmaaerospacepatrioticaviationjetmissileleadershiptraceoutstanding42._ adj.抽象抽象的；理性的的；理性的 n.(文献等的文献等的)摘要摘要43._ n.概念；观念概念；观念 44._ n.望远镜望远镜45._ prep.除除之外之外(还还)adv.而且；此外而且；此外46._ a
6、dj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的47._adv.此外；再者此外；再者48._n.弱点；过错弱点；过错49._n.改变；转换；轮班改变；转换；轮班 vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向转移；挪动；转向abstractconcepttelescopebesidesbrilliantfurthermorefaultshift1.infect vt.使感染；传染使感染；传染 _ n.感染；传染感染；传染 _ adj.传染的传染的2.subscribe vi.认购认购(股份股份)；定期订购；定期交纳；定期订购；定期交纳(会费会费)_ n.订阅；订购订阅；订购3.pure adj.干净的；纯的
7、；纯粹的干净的；纯的；纯粹的 _ n.纯洁；纯粹纯洁；纯粹 _ v.净化；使纯净净化；使纯净infectioninfectioussubscriptionpuritypurify4.decrease n.&vt.&vi.减少；降低减少；降低 (反反)_ n.&vt.&vi.增加；提高增加；提高5.transform vt.&vi.使改观；使改变形态使改观；使改变形态 _ n.改变；转变改变；转变6.think v.认为；思考认为；思考 _ n.思想；思维；见解思想；思维；见解7.find v.发现发现 _ n.发现；调查结果；发现；调查结果；(法律法律)判决判决increasetransfor
8、mationthinkingfinding8.initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的最初的；开始的；第一的 _ adv.最初；首先最初；首先9.machine n.机械；机器机械；机器 _ adj.机械的；发动机的机械的；发动机的 _ n.机械师；机械修理工机械师；机械修理工10.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解保卫；防守；辩解 _ n.防御；防守防御；防守11.assist v.帮助帮助 _ n.助理；助手助理；助手 _ n.帮助；援助帮助；援助initiallymechanicalmechanicdefenceassistantassistance12.gift n.礼物；天赋
9、礼物；天赋 v.赋予赋予 _ adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的13.steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的稳定的；平稳的；稳步的 _ adv.平稳地；持续地平稳地；持续地14.astronomy n.天文学天文学 _ n.天文学家天文学家15.vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 _ adv.生动地生动地giftedsteadilyastronomervividly1._最终地；彻底地最终地；彻底地2._同意；赞同同意；赞同3._水泵水泵4._负有责任负有责任5._ 很可能很可能6._幸亏；由于幸亏；由于7._理论框架理论框
10、架8._对对有影响有影响once and for allsubscribe towater pumpbe to blamethanks to theoretical frameworkhave an impact onbe likely to9._(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开突然开始；始；爆发爆发10._主管；掌管主管；掌管11._阻止某人阻止某人12._追溯到追溯到13._熟悉熟悉14._(患患)病；染上病；染上(小病小病)15._最重要的是；尤其是最重要的是；尤其是in charge of discourage sb fromtrace back to be
11、familiar withcome downabove allbreak out1.so/suchthat句型句型He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(P2)2.who引导的定语从句引导的定语从句Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.(P2)3.It seems
12、 that 句型句型It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(P2)4.have+宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词(短语短语)Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(P2)1.severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的This illness causes se
13、vere diarrhea,dehydration,and even death.(P2)be severe on/with 对对严厉严厉be severe with oneself 严于律己严于律己severely adv.很严重地很严重地;极为恶劣地极为恶劣地【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)He _ his children.他对子女很严格。他对子女很严格。2)You are too _ the boy.你对那个男孩太严厉了。你对那个男孩太严厉了。3)我感到胸口剧烈疼痛。我感到胸口剧烈疼痛。_ is severe withsevere on(upon)I felt a seve
14、re pain in the chest.2.suspect vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(P2)suspect sb.of doing sth.怀疑某人做了某事怀疑某人做了某事suspect that 怀疑怀疑suspect sb to be 怀疑某人是怀疑某人是suspicion n.猜疑猜疑;怀疑怀疑suspicious adj.有疑心的有疑心的,表示怀疑的表示怀疑的suspicion about sth/sb/that-cla
15、use 疑心疑心be suspicious about/of sth/sb对对某物某物/某人疑心某人疑心;对某物对某物/某人表示怀疑某人表示怀疑【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)He _ stealing the ring at the party last night,and the police were looking into the matter.他被怀疑在昨晚的聚会上偷了戒指，警察他被怀疑在昨晚的聚会上偷了戒指，警察正在正在调查此事调查此事。2)The police set about _the moment they found enough evidence to p
16、rove him guilty.一找到足够的证据证明他有罪，警方就一找到足够的证据证明他有罪，警方就开始开始逮捕该嫌疑犯逮捕该嫌疑犯。was suspected ofarresting the suspect3)The police _ carrying drugs so they went through his bag,but found nothing.警察怀疑他携带毒品，于是就搜查了他警察怀疑他携带毒品，于是就搜查了他的包的包，但是什么都，但是什么都没发现。没发现。suspected him of4)Imagine that a police officer is chasing a
17、thief.The thief tries to escape.And the officer cant let him get away.He pulls out a special device,points it at the _(嫌疑人嫌疑人),and switches it on.(2020天津卷天津卷)5)In Samarkand,Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders,while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when _(suspect)of dr
18、ug dealing.(2020新高考卷新高考卷I)suspected suspect3.blame vt.把把归咎于；责怪指责归咎于；责怪指责 n.责备；指责责备；指责(1)blame sb for sth./doing sth 因因而指责某人而指责某人blame.on sb 把把归咎于某人归咎于某人be to blame(for sth)（对某事）负有对某事）负有责任责任(2)accept/bear/take the blame for sth 对对某事承担责任某事承担责任put/lay the blame for sth on sb 把把某事责任归咎于某人某事责任归咎于某人Snow su
19、spected that the water pump was to blame.(P2)【语境应用语境应用】单句单句填空填空/一句多一句多译。译。1)Dont always blame your own failure _ others.Sometimes you yourself are _(blame)onto blame2)The police had figured out the cause of the traffic accident and it was the lorry driver that should take the blame _ it.for3)我们不能把这件
20、事归咎于天气。我们不能把这件事归咎于天气。We cant _ the accident _ the weather.(blame v.)We cant _ the accident _ the weather.(blame n.)blame onput/lay the blamefor/on4.link n.联系；纽带联系；纽带vt.把把连接起来；相关联连接起来；相关联(1)link A to/with B=link A and B 把把A与与B连接连接/联系起来联系起来(2)be linked with/to 与与有有联系联系/有关有关(3)Link up(with)(与与)结合，连接结合，
21、连接(4)There is a link between and 和和之间有联系之间有联系Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London(P3)【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空。单句语法填空。1)Researchers have found that there is _ direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and
22、the rise in weight problems.2)Arrangements are being made to link _ the two firms,so as to reduce the competition.3)Whether pollution is directly linked _ the disease is under debate.aupto5.decrease n.减少；降低；减少量减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等使大小、数量等)减少；减少；降低减少；减少；降低(1)decrease to 减少到减少到decrease by 减少了减少了(2)
23、on the decrease 正在减少正在减少on the increase 正在增加正在增加Through Snows fireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.(P3)【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空单句语法填空/补全句子。补全句子。1)_(decrease)the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment,more g
24、overnments are requiring people to recycle materials.2)The number of people aged 50 and under will _ _(减少了超过减少了超过300)during the time.3)As far as I know,the members of the association _(减少到减少到300).To decrease decrease by more than 30%have decreased to three hundred6.transform vt.使改变；使改变形态使改变；使改变形态vi.
25、改变；转变改变；转变transform into 把把变成变成transform sb/sth from 把某人把某人/某物从某物从中转变中转变Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.(P3)transformation n.改变改变、转化、转化(不可数不可数);具体变化具体变化(可数可数)transformable adj.可变形的；可变化的可变形的；可变化的transformer n.促使改变的人或物；变压器促使改变的人或物；变压器【语境应用语
26、境应用】单句语法填空单句语法填空/补全句子。补全句子。1)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _(transform).(2020江苏高考江苏高考)2)New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥化肥)have now _(彻底改变了一种思彻底改变了一种思维方式维方式)that started in the Stone Age.(2020年年7月浙江高考月浙江高考)transformation totally transforme
27、d a way of life7.pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料饮料)pour into 涌入涌入pour out 倾诉倾诉;倾吐倾吐pour cold water over/on 对对泼冷水泼冷水pour sth.out to sb.向向倾诉倾诉A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid,but if you put any pressure on it,it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.(P3)【语境应用语境应用】用用pour的适当形
28、式填空。的适当形式填空。I was _ of the train together with other passengers,but it was _ cats and dogs outside.Seeing so many people _ the waiting hall,I felt this really _ cold water on my plan to attend my teachers birthday party on time.pouring outpouringpouring intopoured8.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解保卫；防守；辩解 defend
29、sb/sth from(against)保护保护某人某人(物物)免遭免遭 defend oneself 自卫自卫Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realized that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.(P3)defence n 保护；防御；防御物保护；防御；防御物in defence of 为了保卫；辩护为了保卫；辩护come to sbs defence 帮助帮助(保护保护)
30、某人某人in self defence 出于自卫出于自卫 defender n 后卫，防守队员；保护人后卫，防守队员；保护人【语境应用语境应用】根据根据括号内所给的汉语提示补全句子。括号内所给的汉语提示补全句子。1)He had a good lawyer _(为为他辩护他辩护).2)The Great Wall was built _(作作为屏障以防外敌入侵为屏障以防外敌入侵).3)It is the nature of a mother _(保护自己的孩子免受伤害保护自己的孩子免受伤害).to defend her child from harmto defend him/in defen
31、ce of himas a defence against enemies1.be likely to 很可能很可能be more/most likely to do sth 更更/最可能做某事最可能做某事be less likely to do sth 较少可能做某事较少可能做某事It is likely that 可能会可能会The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.(P3)【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子
32、。1)Moreover,the older you are,the _(likely)you will come to a resolution after an argument.This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities.You are more likely _(distinguish)between what matters and what does not.(2021北京卷改编北京卷改编)2)A study recently published by Scienc
33、e found that as young as age six,girls are _(有较少可能性的有较少可能性的)than boys to say that members of their gender(性别性别)are“really,really smart.”(2021全国甲卷改编全国甲卷改编)more likelyto distinguish less likely 表示表示“因为，由于因为，由于”的短语：的短语：because of,owing to,on account of,due to,as a result of,result from we now know how
34、to prevent cholera,thanks to the work of John Snow.(P3)2.thanks to 幸亏；由于幸亏；由于【方法规律方法规律】owing to和和thanks to的宾语所表达的内容往往是正面的、积的宾语所表达的内容往往是正面的、积极的东西。极的东西。due to,because of和和as a result of的宾语则为中性的内容。的宾语则为中性的内容。在表达负面、消极的内容时多用在表达负面、消极的内容时多用as a result of和和due to。【温馨提示温馨提示】以上这些都是介词短语，因此后面可以跟名词或动名词而不以上这些都是介词
35、短语，因此后面可以跟名词或动名词而不可以跟从句。可以跟从句。【语境应用语境应用】完成句子完成句子1)It was all a great success _(由于尽心竭力由于尽心竭力).2)_(多亏了你的帮助多亏了你的帮助),we arrived there safely.thanks to a lot of hard workThanks to your helpbreak away from 突然挣脱突然挣脱;逃脱逃脱break down 出故障出故障;垮掉垮掉 break in 强行进入强行进入;打断打断break into sth 突然开始突然开始break off 断开断开;中断中断
36、break through 取得突破取得突破break up 结束；解散；破裂结束；解散；破裂However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932.(P7)3.break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发突然开始；爆发【语境应用语境应用】用用break短语的适当形式填空短语的适当形式填空。1)We are sorry to arrive late,but the car_.2)Her friends came to help her when the war _.3)We had to _ the house
37、 as we had lost the key.4)He lost his job and his marriage _.has broken downbroke outbreak intobroke upin charge 掌管；负责掌管；负责in the charge of 受受的管理；由的管理；由负责负责take charge of 掌管掌管/负责负责free of charge 免费免费charge sb for sth 为某物向某人收取费用为某物向某人收取费用charge sb with(doing)sth 控告某人控告某人(做做)某事某事4.in charge of 主管；掌管主管
38、；掌管He received a heros welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing Chinas rocket science but also its space and missile programme.(P8)【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)Im going to visit the museum which _(不收门票不收门票)tomorrow morning.2)You can take as many as you like,because they _(免费免费
39、).3)He _(被指控谋杀被指控谋杀)and sentenced to death.doesnt charge for admission are free of charge was charged with murderafter all 毕竟；终究毕竟；终究all in all 整体说来；总而言之整体说来；总而言之in all 全部；合计全部；合计first of all 首先首先at all (否定句否定句)一点也不；一点也不；(疑问句疑问句)到底；究竟到底；究竟5.above all 最重要的是；尤其是最重要的是；尤其是Above all,Hawking was willing t
40、o admit his faults.(P9)【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)She couldnt go to the party because she had to write a report.But she went _.她不能参加聚会，因为她得写一份报告她不能参加聚会，因为她得写一份报告，但是，但是她最后还是去她最后还是去了。了。2)_,my trip to Australia was a wonderful experience.总的来说，我的澳大利亚之旅是一次总的来说，我的澳大利亚之旅是一次愉快的愉快的经历。经历。after allAll in all3)Child
41、ren need many things,but _,they need love.孩子需要很多东西，但最重要的是，孩子需要很多东西，但最重要的是，他们需要他们需要爱。爱。4)Its impossible to confuse Mary with her sister.Theyre not alike _.不可能把玛丽与她的姐姐相混淆。她们不可能把玛丽与她的姐姐相混淆。她们根本根本不像。不像。above allat all1.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that
42、more than 500 people died in ten days.(P2)so/such that 如此如此以至于以至于(1)so that句型的常见形式：句型的常见形式：so+adj./adv.+thatso+adj.+a(n)+n.(单数可数名词单数可数名词)+thatso+many/few/much/little+n.+that(2)such that句型的基本结构：句型的基本结构：such+a(n)+adj.+n.(单数可数名词单数可数名词)+thatsuch+adj.+n.(复数可数名词复数可数名词/可数名词可数名词)+that(3)so/such位于句首时，主句部分倒装位
43、于句首时，主句部分倒装【语境应用语境应用】单句语法填空单句语法填空/完成句子。完成句子。1)There were _ many books in the bookstore that I didnt know which one to choose.2)Dalian is _ an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.3)It is _ lovely weather that we all want to go out for a walk.4)So clearly _ English that he
44、 can always make himself understood.他英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听懂。他英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听懂。sosuchso does he speak2.accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.have+宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词(短语短语)有关有关have的结构的结构have sb do sth 让让某人做某事某人做某事have sb/sth doing sth 让让某人一直做某某人一直做某事事/让某事在发生让某事在发生(动动 作
45、持续作持续)(肯定句肯定句)have sth to do 有某事要有某事要做做(不定式作定语不定式作定语)have sth to be done 有某事要让别人有某事要让别人做做cant/couldnt have sb doing sth 不允许某人做某事不允许某人做某事(否定句否定句)【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)It is not a good idea to _ all the time.让让机器不停地运转不是个好主意。机器不停地运转不是个好主意。2)She fell off her bike and _.她从自行车上摔下来，摔断了腿。她从自行车上摔下来，摔断了腿。3)If
46、 you happen to talk to him,_.如果你碰巧能和他说话，让他给我打个电话。如果你碰巧能和他说话，让他给我打个电话。had her leg brokenhave the machine runninghave him call me在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。位于主句的系动位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。表语表语从句必须从句必须用陈述语序。用陈述语序。e.g.The question is who broke the vase.My suggest
47、ion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.连系动词连系动词状态类状态类:be动词动词,seem,appear,keep,remain,stay 变化类变化类:become,get,turn,grow,fall,come,go 感官类感官类:look,smell,taste,sound,feel 表语表语从句的引导词从句的引导词连接词连接词连词连词在从句中不作成分在从句中不作成分that,whether,as if,as though,because 连接代词连接代词在从句中作主语、在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语宾语、表语、定语what,who,wh
48、om,whose,which,whatever,whoever,whichever 连接副词连接副词在从句中作状语在从句中作状语when,where,how,why e.g.The trouble is that I have lost his address.The question is whether they will go by plane or by train.It sounds as if/though someone is knocking at the door.This is because the weather here is cold and wet.Thats w
49、hy Tony got angry with me.He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.The question is how we can find the suitable man for the job.表语从句要点归纳表语从句要点归纳1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。表语从句一定要用陈述语序。e.g.One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure.2.that引导表语从句引导表语从句时时,在在句中只起连接句中
50、只起连接作用作用,不不充当充当句子成分句子成分,无无实际实际意义意义,一般一般不能省略。不能省略。e.g.The trouble is that I have lost his address.3.whether引导表语从句时，起连接作用，意为引导表语从句时，起连接作用，意为“是否，是否，空间，到底空间，到底”，在句中不作任何成分，在句中不作任何成分。if不能引导表语从句。不能引导表语从句。e.g.The question is whether your uncle will offer help to us.4.连接连接代词代词ho,whom,whose,what,which,whoever
