1、2022年人教年人教版(版(2019)高一下期末)高一下期末知识点和语法总结知识点和语法总结 by Nancy1.倒装部分倒装的条件:1.表否定或半否定意义的副词或者介词短语位于句首2.Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句位于句首3.so/suchthat位于句首的倒装;4.so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语,表示肯定情况的延续,即:第二句中的主语和第一句的主语一样都,5.虚拟语气中的倒装句,If虚拟句中,含有had/were/should时,if可以省去,将had/were/should提至句首。eg,Had he arrived at the office when his wife ca
2、lled him back.Seldom did he say at the meeting.Were I a bird,I would fly around the world.完全倒装:整个谓语部分移至主语前面叫完全倒装。条件:当表地点或方位等副词/介词短语置于句首的时候,为了起到强调的作用,主语和谓语部分位置全部调换。注意:这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时,且动词一般为不及物动词。eg,Here come the students and the teachers.Under the big tree sits an old man.There lies a big river
3、.2.现在进行时的被动现在进行时的被动语态:表示现在或者现阶段,动作正在做,且主语和谓语动词之间存在一种被动关系,具体形式如下:主动:am/is/are doing 被动:am/is/are being doneeg,The man who is being interviewed there is our math teacher.The students are being punished by cheating others in the exam.3.过去分词的用法过去分词作定语:过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系,表示该动作的被动或完成。eg,The boy
4、called Tim is my student.过去分词作宾补:过去分词作宾补的两大特征:一是及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有动宾关系;二是不及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有主谓关系,多用来表示动作已完成。可接过去分词作宾补的动词有:have,see,hear,find,leave,want,make等。过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时,与句子主语之间是被动关系。过去分词作表语时,通常为分词化的形容词,通常修饰指人的名词或代词4.make+宾语+宾补 make名词/代词不带to的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时,不定式符号to要还原。make名词/代词过去分词。该过去分词与宾语是动宾关系。mak
5、e名词/代词形容词。表示“使某人或某物变得”。make名词/代词名词。表示“使某人或某物成为”。make it宾补不定式(真正的宾语)。it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式。5.现在完成时的被动语态1.定义:表示动作已经完成,强调对现在造成的影响或结果,且主语与谓语动词之间的被动关系,表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并且有可能持续下去。2.谓语动词形式:肯定式:have/has+been done否定式:主语+have/has been done一般疑问式:Have/Has+主语+been done?特殊疑问式:疑问词+have/has+主语+been done.?6.it的常用
6、句式it在强调句中用法:It is+被强调部分+that It is not until+被强调部分+that eg,It was he that/who broke the record in the history.It was not until midnight that he went to bed.It is time(about time,high time)that 常意为是(正是)的时侯;eg,It is high time that we should employ two more workers.It is/was/will be+the first time that
7、第几次做某事eg,It is my first time that I have been to Beijing.It is 一段时间since 自从.已经多久了eg,It has been three years since I gave up my job.It is/was when 做某事的时候是几点.eg,It was eight oclock when the earthquake happened.It is/was/will be段时间before 还要多久才.eg,It will not be a long time before we achieve our goals.7.独立主格定义:独立主格结构是由一个名词或人称代词(主格)作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语等构成的复合结构,其作用相当于状语从句,用来表时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况。形式:名词(代词)现在分词(与前面构成主动关系);名词(代词)过去分词(与前面构成被动关系);名词(代词)不定式(表将来);名词(代词)副词;名词(代词)形容词;名词(代词)介词短语;名词(代词)名词谢谢大家!