1、单词课堂版本：新译林版本：新译林 单元：必修三单元：必修三 Unit 4(Extended reading Project)本单元词汇梳理1.involve：in-(进入、使)+-volve(卷入)，词源义和基本义是“使卷入”词块：involve doing sth,involve sb/oneself in(doing)sth 派生词：involved,involvement 2.credit：cred(to trust 信任)+-it(名词后缀)信任 一词多义，基本义为“信任”；熟词生义“学分”词块：credit card3.moral：词块：moral standards；派生词：mor
2、ally,immoral 4.apply：一词多义：基本义“一物用在另一物上(use)”词块：apply for a job,apply to university,apply to sb,apply sunscreen,apply oneself to 词族：apply,applicant,application5.mystery：抽象名词具体化：意为“神秘的事物”时是可数名词 派生词：mysterious 6.ignorance：ignorance：i-(in-不)+gnor(to know)+-ance(名词后缀)不知道 无知7.freedom：free(adj 自由的)+-dom(表示
3、状况或状态)8.authority：author(n 作者)+-ity(名词后缀)一词多义：基本义“权威”词块：an authority on,in authority,the authorities9.permit：permit：per-(through 完全、始终)+mit(let go/send 放出、送出)完全放出 许可 permit与allow用法一样，比allow正式；派生词：permission10.responsibility：responsible+-ity 词块：take/have responsibility for=be responsible for,accept/s
4、houlder responsibility,its ones responsibility to do sth11.declare：de-(表示强调)+clare(to clarify 澄清；阐明)说清楚；讲明白 宣布；声称 派生词：declaration 12.nationality：national(adj 国家的)+-ity(名词后缀)词族：nation,national,nationality,international 13.put forward：一词多义，基本义“把提前”14.evolution：evolve(v 进化)+-ion15.publish：词源同 public，词源
5、义为“make publicly known”使(作品等)公开化 出版、发表 派生词：publisher,publishing16.marriage：marry marriage involvecreditdeclare重难点词精讲applyresponsibilityauthority一词多义英语释义一词多义一词多义熟词生义搭配义英语释义publish一词多义词根词缀permit英语释义英语释义搭配义搭配义本杰明富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin,1706 1790），美国政治家,美国独立战争时期重要的领导人之一。同时他也是一位物理学家，发明了避雷针，最早提出电荷守恒定律。这是一句
6、教育名言，有这是一句教育名言，有人说它出自本杰明人说它出自本杰明 富兰克林富兰克林，更多的人认为它是一句荀，更多的人认为它是一句荀子经典语录的英文版。你能子经典语录的英文版。你能把这个句子翻译成中文吗？把这个句子翻译成中文吗？荀子荀子involve不闻不如闻之，不闻不如闻之，闻之不如见之，闻之不如见之，见之不如知之，见之不如知之，知之不如行之；知之不如行之；学至于行之而止学至于行之而止矣。行之，明也。矣。行之，明也。荀子荀子儒儒效效involve vt 包含；需要包含；需要 to make sth necessary in an activity or situation：involve(do
7、ing)sth:A crosstalk performance involves talking,imitating,singing and telling jokes.The work of a teacher involves love and devotion.2010 上海改词源解读：involve：in-(进入、使)+-volve(卷入)，词源义和基本义是“使卷入”同义异构：同义异构：include 涉及；影响涉及；影响 to affect or be related to sb/sth：If your goal involves other people,put yourself
8、in their positions.2009 上海How many vehicles were involved in the crash?使参加使参加 to make sb take part in sth：involve sb/oneself(in sth):Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.2014 福建同义异构：同义异构：affect,influence同义异构：同义异构：take part in/participat
9、e in involved adj 参与的；投入的：参与的；投入的：be/get involved(in/with):Whatever you do,dont be a bystander.Get involved.2016 四川Children can get a lot out of being involved in volunteer work.Fathers are encouraged to be more involved with their children.involvement n U 参与参与 【词汇拓展词汇拓展】同义词：同义词：participationinvolve
10、 语义网络图语义网络图包含包含需要需要“使卷入使卷入”因而包含因而包含涉及；影响涉及；影响“使（人）卷入使（人）卷入”某某项活动项活动使参加使参加“使卷入使卷入”因而是必因而是必要组成部分要组成部分“使卷入使卷入”因而与之因而与之有关联有关联involve 使卷入使卷入 credit card在我们的生活中处处可见，你知道TA的故事来源吗？creditcreditcredit 据说第一张信用卡(credit card)是由就餐者俱乐部(Diners Club)发行的，这张卡的发明者是该俱乐部的创始人弗兰克麦克纳马拉(Frank McNamara)。有一次弗兰克请客吃饭，却偏偏忘了带钱夹，付账时
11、尴尬万分。通达的老板解围说：“我知道你信誉(credit)一向非常好，下次来一起付吧。”这起意外使弗兰克得到了启发，他和朋友施耐德(Ralph Schneider)合作，在纽约创办了“就餐者俱乐部”，为200名会员发放一张证明身份和支付能力的卡片，他们凭卡片可以在纽约27家饭店用餐而不需带现金(cash)，到时只要和就餐者俱乐部一次清账就可以了。信用卡就是一种信贷(credit)。U 信用；信誉：gain/lose credit It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late payments may affect yo
12、ur credit.2016 浙江 U 赊账；信贷：It doesnt matter whether you pay in cash or by credit card in this store.2012 山东改Most new cars are bought on credit.credit R3 ncredit 来自词根cred(to believe,trust 相信、信任)，基本义为“信任”C&U 存款额：Ill put a 300-dollar credit on your account.2010 北京 U 赞扬；功劳 praise or approval that you giv
13、e to sb for sth they have done well：I cant take all the credit for the shows success it was a team effort.They never give me any credit for all the extra work I do.C 学分：I dont have enough credits to graduate.to sbs credit 为某人增光；值得赞扬：为某人增光；值得赞扬：To their credit the four countries do work together in s
14、ome areas,but they still have very different institutions.同义异构：praise 不用于进行时 认为是的功劳；把归功于：The company is credited with inventing the industrial robot.Much of the teams success can be credited to their manager.credit v信任（基本义）credit学分基于“信任”的延期付款被“信任”能还款的状态赞扬；功劳做出成绩被“信任”credit语义网络图被“信任”的学业成绩基于“信任”的存款存款额
15、赊账；信贷信用；信誉认为是的功劳；把归功于nvapply词源义：bring things in contact with one another，使事物接触彼此，即“一物用在另一物上”(to use)。vt 涂；敷：Apply the sunscreen/cream/lotion evenly to your face and neck.vt 努力；使专注于：Recently,he has applied himself to his studies.乳液等用于皮肤 vt 手压；脚踩：apply the brakesHe slowed the bleeding by applying pres
16、sure to thewounds.手脚等用于某物上将精力等长期用于某事 vi 申请 to make a formal request,usually in writing：apply for sth:apply for a job/passport/visa I am writing to apply for the post of volunteer for our school English association.2018 浙江书面表达 apply to sb/sth(for sth):apply to a company/university apply to do sth:He
17、applied to study composition with the well-known musician.2013 山东将才能等用于工作/任务 vi&vt 不用于进行时(对)适用；(对)有效：If the constitution said that all people were free and equal,then she thought it should apply to her.2014 山东 vt 运用；应用；使用：We plan to apply what we will learn in class to our future professions and to
18、our lives.2018 全国改将知识、技术等用于某领域将抽象事物用于某人或某情景一物用在另一物上 （基本义）apply手压；脚踩乳液等用于皮肤将知识、技术等用于某领域将抽象事物用于某人或某情景努力；使专注于将精力等长期用于某事apply语义网络图手脚等用于某物上将才能等用于工作/任务（对）适用/有效申请涂；敷运用；应用；使用【拓展】同族词 apply,applicant,applicationapplicant n C 申请人；应征者申请人；应征者：successful applicants【温故温故】application n C&U 申请；申请书；申请表申请；申请书；申请表：应用应用
19、；运用；运用；缩略为缩略为app 应用程序程序：make practical application of new technology to teachingThis is a new invention that will have a wide range of applications in industry.a job application accept/reject sbs application fill in/out an application(form)同义异构：useauthority词源解读词源解读 在古欧洲，能解决争端的书或文章等都是有权威的，而能写出这些书籍和文章
20、的人即作者也都是很有权威的人。在历史发展过程中，由“有权威的篇章”这一具体的概念衍生出抽象释义“权威；权力”等。authority的各层释义都与“权威权威”有关，故基本义为“权威权威”。author(n 作者)+-ityauthority n C 权威人士；专家；泰斗权威人士；专家；泰斗(specialist)：He is an authority on vocabulary.U 权威；权力；当权权威；权力；当权 the power to give orders to people：Teenagers,when they grow up,begin to question their pare
21、nts authority and wisdom.In Singapore,rank is important and authority is respected.2014 浙江改Could I speak to someone in authority(=who has a position of power)here,please?U（正式的）许可；授权（正式的）许可；授权 the official right or permission to do sth：No one may enter without my authority.C常用复数官方；当局：常用复数官方；当局：health
22、 authorities We reported the train accident to the authorities.外国人在中国居住和工作，需要有居留许可证（residence permit）、就业证（employment permit）。如果你在外国留学期间工作，也需要有许可证。residence permit 居留许可证居留许可证employment permit 就业证就业证permit&permission同根词：同根词：admit:ad-(to 去)+mit(to let go,send 放行，送)容许进入 commit:com-(together 一起)+mit(to s
23、end 送)将人送去承担义务等 （使）承担义务；（使）作出保证permit 词源解读词源解读per-(through 通过)+mit(to send 送)送其过去使通过 许可；准许permit v 正式用语正式用语 vt 许可；准许许可；准许 to allow sth to happen or sb to do sth 反反 forbid Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.2013 天津 permit sb sth:Please permit me a few words.permit sb
24、 to do sth:He permitted me to retake the test,and I pulled my grade to an A.vi&vt（使）成为可能：（使）成为可能：Ill pick you up at the airport if time permits.Well start tomorrow,weather permitting(=if the weather is good enough).Cash machines permit you to withdraw money at any time.注：注：permit 和 allow的用法相似，permit
25、是正式用语；指天气、时间等客观因素允许时，只能用permit。permit n C 许可证；执照：许可证；执照：a residence/parking permit【词汇拓展词汇拓展】permission n C 许可；准许：许可；准许：ask permissionHe entered the room without permission.With your permission,Id like to talk to your son alone.permission to do sth:Give yourself permission to rest when youre tired.20
26、10 安徽注意动词和名词注意动词和名词发音不同发音不同友谊是一种甜蜜的责任，友谊是一种甜蜜的责任，绝不是一种机会。绝不是一种机会。纪伯伦纪伯伦纪哈纪伯伦（Kahlil Gibran,1883 1931）黎巴嫩作家、诗人、画家，阿拉伯文学的主要奠基人，20世纪阿拉伯新文学道路的开拓者之一，被称为艺术天才、黎巴嫩文坛骄子。其主要作品有泪与笑(A Tear and a Smile)，先知(The Prophet)，沙与沫(Sand and Foam)等，纪伯伦、鲁迅和泰戈尔是近代东方文学走向世界的先驱。U&C 责任；职责：责任；职责：shoulder(a)responsibilityThe medi
27、a has a moral responsibility to report news truthfully.It is our responsibility/We have a responsibility to protect the environment.OK,Ive had enough of it.I give up.You cant run away from/escape your responsibilities.2012 江苏改 U（对不良事件所负的）责任：（对不良事件所负的）责任：Taking responsibility for something that went
28、wrong is a mark of great maturity.2010 天津No one is willing to accept responsibility for the accident.responsibility n responsible+-ityhave a responsibility for(doing)sth/to do sthaccept/assume/bear/shoulder/take responsibility for sthresponsibility falls on sbshare responsibilityavoid/escape respons
29、ibilitya big/heavy/huge responsibilityfull/total responsibilitycollective/shared responsibilitysocial responsibilitya sense of responsibilityresponsibility的搭配的搭配 declare vt 宣布；声明宣布；声明 to say sth officially or publicly：In September 1939,Britain declared war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland.dec
30、lare+that 从句从句:The court declared that strike action was illegal.declare sth/sb(to be)sth:The area has been declared a national park.declare sth+adj:The chairman declared the ceremony open;all of us present cheered.de-(表示强调)+clare(to clarify 澄清；阐明)说清楚；讲明白 宣布；声称declare 声称；宣称声称；宣称 to state sth firmly
31、and clearly：He declared that he would put humans on Mars in less than a decade.Ella declared herself(to be)happy and satisfied.申报（纳税品等）：申报（纳税品等）：If you have nothing to declare,go through the Green Channel.declaration n C&U 声明；宣声明；宣 告；宣言：告；宣言：The Declaration of Independence独立宣言（The Declaration of Ind
32、ependence）是一份于1776年7月4日由托马斯杰斐逊起草，并由其它13个殖民地代表签署的最初声明美国从英国独立的文件。publish v vt 出版；发行：出版；发行：The company has published all of that authors works.vt&vi 刊登刊登 /发表（作品）：发表（作品）：The results of his experiments were published in China in 1966.publishing n U 出版（业）出版（业）publisher n C 出版商出版商publish 词源同 public，词源义为“ma
33、ke publicly known”使（作品等）公开化 出版；发表出版；发表publish 词源解读词源解读本单元的词根词缀本单元的词根词缀说出下列单词的词根词缀的汉语释义。说出下列单词的词根词缀的汉语释义。1.The chairman stepped onto the platform and declared the meeting open.declare：de-（表示强调）+clare（to clarify 澄清；_）说清楚、讲明白 _ 2.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late payments may
34、 affect your credit.（2016 浙江）credit：cred（to trust）+-it（名词后缀）被 _ 能还款的状态 _ 3.Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.（2013 天津）permit：per-（through 完全、始终）+mit（to let go/send 放出、送出）完全_ _说清楚说清楚宣布宣布信任信任信用信用放出放出许可许可 /允许允许4.He raised his glass and indicated that I should do the s
35、ame.indicate：in-（toward 向、对着）+dic（to say 说）+-ate（动词后缀）对着人说 _5.I became interested in playing football thanks to a small accident.（2019 全国）accident：ac-（to 向、朝）+cid（to fall _）+-ent（名词后缀）突然落向人的事 _6.You may realise that he or she was acting out of ignorance,fear and even love.ignorance：i-（in-不）+gnor（to
36、know）+-ance（名词后缀）不知道 _指示指示 /示意示意英语单词构词法的核心部分在于词根，词根决定单词的意思。词根可以单独构成单词，也可以通过添加前缀或后缀构成新词。了解词根意思，掌握构词规律，有助于准确、高效记忆词汇。落下落下意外意外无知无知本单元金句汇总本单元金句汇总1.Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.2014 福建2.Children can get a lot out of being involved in
37、volunteer work.3.I cant take all the credit for the shows success it was a team effort.4.I am writing to apply for the post of volunteer for our school English association.2018 浙江书面表达5.It is our responsibility/We have a responsibility to protect the environment.6.Taking responsibility for something
38、that went wrong is a mark of great maturity.2010 天津7.The chairman declared the ceremony open;all of us present cheered.随堂检随堂检测测一、一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.（2014 福建）_2.Michelle found a job
39、 as a high school teacher which involves spending quite a lot of time with students.（2013 福建）_3.“Genius”is a complicated concept（复杂的概念）,involving many different factors.（2012 上海）_4.The test will involve answering questions about a photo._参加参加 需要需要 涉及涉及 包含包含二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。
40、1.Parents should _（参与）their childs education.2.More than 100 people _（参与）the project.3.I was so _（全神贯注地看书）that I didnt hear you knock.involve themselves in were involved in involved in my book写出下列句子中credit的汉语释义。1.Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in t
41、he world.（2005 广东）_2.Word that I was trustworthy and hard-working got around town.A local clothing store offered me credit although I was only in seventh grade.（2003 北京）_ 3.The library has lockers for students to store things.When you have got at least 40 credits,you may rent a locker.（2013 天津改）_4.I
42、t was hard to credit some of the stories we heard about her._5.He is a great young man who is a credit to his family and to his school._6.Whats the credit limit on your credit card?_credit赞扬赊账学分信任；相信为增光信用额度汉译英。1.申请志愿者的工作 _ 2.将所学用于实践 _3.涂抹化妆品 _ 4.施压/用力 _5.Ben would do well if only he _（努力）.(apply)app
43、ly for a job as a volunteerapply what one has learned to practiceapply make-upapply pressure/forceapplied himselfapply6.我的申请若能得到您的批准，我将感激不尽。（2011 重庆书面表达）_7.这些规定对所有人都适用，包括你。_8.我正在申请一家外企的暑期兼职工作，刚刚写完了求职信和简历。（2016 全国 书面表达改）_I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval.The rules apply
44、to everyone,including you.Im applying for a part-time job at a foreign company during the summer vacation,and I have just completed my application letter and resume.authority写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.The authorities have refused to let him enter the country._2.We need to get the support of
45、 someone in authority._3.He has the authority for handling this matter._4.She is one of the worlds leading authorities on fish._5.Ill give my lawyers authority to act on my behalf._当局当局权威权威权利权利专家专家授权授权一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.No pets except fish _(permit)in student rooms.（2015 天津）2.The
46、 party will be held in the garden,weather _(permit).（2012 全国改）3.Passengers are permitted _(carry)only one piece of handluggage onto the plane.（2011 天津改）4.I was the first Western TV reporter _(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.（2016 全国）are permitted p
47、ermitting to carry(to be)permitted permit5.What are you going to do this weekend?It depends.If time _(permit),I may go to Shanghai with my friends.（2012 福建）6.Visitors wishing to leave the Castle for refreshments（点心）in the town may obtain re-entry _(permit)from the castleshops.（2010 天津）7.You must ask
48、 _(permit)if you want to leave early.二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。1.大厦内禁止吸烟。(permit v)_2.有了捕鱼许可证就可以去钓鱼。(permit n,allow)_permits permits Smoking is not permitted inside the building.A fishing permit allows you to go fishing.permission 1.我负责安排了座位。(seating)_2.她的责任感很强。_3.保护环境是每个人的责任。_ 根据所给提示翻译下列
49、句子。根据所给提示翻译下列句子。I took responsibility for/was responsible for the seating arrangements.responsibilityShe has a strong sense of responsibility.Its everyones responsibility to protect the environment.写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.The court declared that Browns case should be reviewed._2.Edward d
50、eclared himself angry and upset._ 3.You must declare all your income on this form._4.Whos the first man to subscribe to the Declaration of Independence?_ 宣布宣布 声称声称 申报申报独立宣言独立宣言declare用用publish的正确形式填空。的正确形式填空。1.The findings _ in the journal Developmental Science.（2020 全国）2.In 1812,the year Charles Di
