1、PoemsUnit 5Reading&ThinkingPart 2Reading ComprehensionA FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMSThere are various reasons why people compose poetry.Some poems tell a story or describe a certain image in the readers mind.Others try to convey certain feelings such as joy and sorrow.英语诗歌的几种简单形式人们写诗有各种各样的原因。有些
2、诗歌讲述一个故事或描述读者心中的某种形象。其他诗歌则试图表达某些情感,如欢喜和悲伤。convey feelings表达感情表达感情例如例如 for example/instance定从定从v.组成,作曲,撰写组成,作曲,撰写v.描述,形容描述,形容n.形象,印象;图像;意象;画像形象,印象;图像;意象;画像imagine v.imagination n.The distinctive characteristics of poetry often include economical use of words,descriptive and vivid language,integrated
3、imagery,literary devices such as similes and metaphors,and arrangement of words,lines,rhymes,and rhythm.诗歌的显著特点通常包括:用词简洁,语言描述生动、形象,具备整合的意象,使用明喻和暗喻等文学手法,词、行、韵、节奏等编排有序。adj.独特的,与众不同的独特的,与众不同的adj.节约的;简洁的节约的;简洁的adj.描写的,说明的,叙述的描写的,说明的,叙述的integrate v.(使)(使)合并,成为一体合并,成为一体n.装置,仪器;方法,手法装置,仪器;方法,手法明喻明喻暗喻暗喻adj.
4、生动的,逼真的生动的,逼真的as 引导状语从句1.时间状语从句时间状语从句 =while/whenAs l was going out,it began to rain.2.原因状语从句原因状语从句 =becauseAs the weather is so bad,we have to delay our journey.因为天气太糟糕,我们不得不推迟旅行。As time goes on,he will understand what l said.随着时间的推移,他会理解我所讲的话。当我出门时,开始下雨了。as 引导状语从句3.方式状语从句方式状语从句 “按照按照”,“以以方式方式”4.比较
5、状语从句比较状语从句 asas这项工作不像你想象得那么难。Do as the Romans do when in Rome.入乡随俗。The work is not as difficult as you think.5.让步状语从句让步状语从句 “尽管尽管”,“虽然虽然”as 引导让步状语从句形容词/副词/分词/名词(无冠词)/介词短语等+as+主语+谓语动词+主句。Much as l like you,l couldnt live with you.我尽管很喜欢你,却不能和你在一起生活。Child as he is,he knows to help others.尽管他是个孩子,他懂得帮助
6、别人。动词原形+as+主语+助动词(may/might,will/would,can/could,do/does/did)+主句。Try as we may,we cannot complete this task on time.尽管我们费了很大的劲,也无法按时完成这项任务。as引导定语从句1、as引导限定性定语从句引导限定性定语从句:先行词(被修饰的名词先行词(被修饰的名词)前有前有such、the same、as出现,后面的定语从句由出现,后面的定语从句由as引导,形成引导,形成such.as,the same.as,as.as的固定结构,的固定结构,“和和.样样”。I never he
7、ard such stories as he told.我从未听过他所讲的那样的故事。They made the same mistake as others would have made on such an occasion.他们犯了和其他人在这种场合下会犯的同样错误。2、as引导非限定性定语从句引导非限定性定语从句:表示表示“正如正如”,往往指代一整句话,往往指代一整句话,位置相对比较灵活,可以位于先行词之前、之后或中间,而位置相对比较灵活,可以位于先行词之前、之后或中间,而which引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于先行词之后。引导的非限定性定语从句只能位于先行词之后。As is kno
8、wn to everybody,the moon travels round the earth.众所周知,月球绕地球运行。Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves.Now we will look at a few of the simpler forms.诗人采用许多不同形式的诗歌来表达自己的想法。现在,我们来看一些较简单的形式。目的状语目的状语形容词比较级变化规则构成规则构成规则原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级单音节词单音节词和少数多和少数多音节词音节词1.一般在词尾加-er/或-est/ist/fast
9、fasterfastest2.以字母e结尾的形容词,加-r或-stnicenicernicest3.重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时,应先双写辅音字母;再加-es或-estbigbiggerbiggest4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-esteasyeasiereasiestearlyearlierearliest多音节词多音节词和部分双和部分双音节词音节词5.在词前加more或mosttiredmore tiredmost tiredeasilymore easilymost easily形容词比较级不规则变化规则原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级good
10、,wellbetterbestmany,muchmoremostbad,ill,badlyworseworstfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldestlittlelessleastSome of the first poems a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes.They are usually the traditional poems or folk songs.幼儿在英语中首先学到的一些诗歌是童谣。它们通常是传统的诗歌或民歌。定从定从adj.传统的
11、;守旧的传统的;守旧的adj.民间的;民俗的;民间的;民俗的;普通百姓的普通百姓的The language of these rhymes,like Poem A,is to the point but has a storyline.Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme,have a strong rhythm and often repeat the same words.这些童谣(如诗歌A)的语言简单明了,但是带有故事情节。许多孩子喜欢童谣,因为它们押韵,节奏感强,经常重复相同的单词。to the point切题的,中
12、肯的;简明扼要的切题的,中肯的;简明扼要的off the point跑题跑题n押韵词;押韵的短诗押韵词;押韵的短诗 vi&vt.(使使)押韵押韵n节奏;韵律;规律节奏;韵律;规律童谣童谣nursery nsri adj.幼儿教育的幼儿教育的 n托儿所;保育室托儿所;保育室原状原状The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory,but they are easy to learn and recite.By playing with the words in nursery rhymes,children learn about
13、language.这些诗歌可能没有意义,甚至看起来自相矛盾,但它们易于学习和背诵。孩子们通过玩童谣中的文字游戏来学习语言。有意义;有道理;讲有意义;有道理;讲得通;是明智的得通;是明智的adj.相互矛盾的,对立的相互矛盾的,对立的n.矛盾命题矛盾命题主语主语+be+adj.+动词不定式动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义用主动形式表示被动意义AHush,little baby,dont say a word,Papas gonna buy you a mockingbird.If that mockingbird wont sing,Papas gonna buy you a diamond ri
14、ng.If that diamond ring turns to brass,Papas gonna buy you a looking glass.If that looking-glass gets broke,Papas gonna buy you a billy goat.If that billy goat wont pull,Papas gonna buy you a cart and bull.A嘘,小宝宝,别说话,爸爸给你买嘲鸫。小嘲鸫,不会唱,爸爸给你买钻戒。钻石戒,变成铜,爸爸给你买镜子。小镜子,打破了,爸爸给你买山羊。小山羊,不拉车,爸爸给你买车和牛。(使)变成,(使)转
15、向(使)变成,(使)转向v.拉,拖拉,拖One of the simplest kinds of poem is the“list poem”,which contains a list of things,people,ideas,or descriptions that develop a particular theme.最简单的一种诗歌是“清单诗”,它包含一系列的事物、人物、思想或描述,围绕一个特定的主题展开。n.描述,形容,说明;类型描述,形容,说明;类型adj.特定的,特别的特定的,特别的in particular 尤其,特别尤其,特别=particularly adv.List
16、poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem.Some rhyme(like B and C),while others do not清单诗诗句的长度灵活,且有重复的短语,这就形成了这种诗的模式和节奏。有些清单诗(如B和C)有韵脚,而有一些没有。adj.灵活的灵活的adj.重复的;反复发生的重复的;反复发生的n模式模式“然而然而”用于对比两件事物用于对比两件事物BMotherHundreds of stars in the dee
17、p blue sky,Hundreds of shells on the shore together,Hundreds of birds that go singing by,Hundreds of bees in the sunny weather,Hundreds of dewdrops to greet the dawn,Hundreds of bees in the purple clover,Hundreds of butterflies on the lawn,But only one mother the world over.George CooperB母亲千百颗星星挂在深蓝
18、的天空,千百颗贝壳遍布悠长的海岸,千百只鸟儿鸣唱着飞过,千百只蜜蜂在阳光下(往返),千百滴露珠迎接黎明,千百只蜜蜂在紫色的三叶草里(起舞),千百只蝴蝶在草坪上(飞舞),可只有一个母亲,在这茫茫的世间。乔治库珀n露珠;水珠露珠;水珠n黎明;开端;萌芽黎明;开端;萌芽at dawn黎明时分黎明时分CLIFELife can be good,Life can be bad,Life is mostly cheerful,but sometimes sadLife can be dreams,Life can be great thoughtsLife can mean a person,Sittin
19、g in court.C生活生活可以很美好,生活可以很糟糕,生活常常充满欢乐,但有时也很悲伤生活可能是梦幻一场,生活可能是伟大的理想生活可能意味着一个人,坐在法庭上。adv.主要地;一般地;通常主要地;一般地;通常adj.快乐的;高兴的;兴高采烈的快乐的;高兴的;兴高采烈的Another simple form of poem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain,which is made up of five lines.另外一种业余爱好者很容易就能写出来的形式简单的诗歌是五行诗,它是由五行组成的。定从定从定从定从n业余爱好者业余爱好
20、者 adj.业余的;业余的;业余爱好的业余爱好的由由组成组成(构成构成)=consist of=be composed ofWith these,you can convey a strong picture or a certain mood in just a few words.Look at the example(D).用五行诗,你只需几句话就能表达出强烈的画面或某种情绪。看这个例子(D)。传达传达;输送输送;传送传送;运送运送;表达,表达,传递传递(思想、感情等思想、感情等)n情绪;心情;语气情绪;心情;语气DBrotherBeautiful,athleticTeasing,sho
21、uting,laughingFriend and enemy tooMineD兄弟爱美,又爱运动爱闹,爱叫,又爱笑是我的朋友也是我的敌人adj.运动的运动的vi.&vt.取笑取笑(某人某人);揶揄;逗弄;揶揄;逗弄意为意为“取笑、戏弄取笑、戏弄”时,意思等同于时,意思等同于make fun ofHaiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.It has a format of three lines,containing 5,7,and 5 syllables respectively俳句是一种日本诗歌形式,由
22、17个音节组成。它的格式是三行,分别包含5个、7个和5个音节。由由组成组成n格式;总体安排;格式;总体安排;(出版物的出版物的)版式版式vt.格式化格式化 adv.分别;各自;依次为分别;各自;依次为respective rIspektIv adj.分别的;各自的分别的;各自的定从定从现在分词短语作定语现在分词短语作定语It is not a traditional form of English poetry,but is very popular with English writers.It is easy to write and,like the cinquain,can give
23、a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words.它不是传统的英语诗歌形式,但很受英国作家的欢迎。它容易写,就像五行诗一样,可以用很少的文字描绘出一幅清晰的画面并创造出一种特别的感觉。为为所喜欢;受所喜欢;受欢迎欢迎主语主语+be+adj.+动词不定式动词不定式现在分词短语作方式状语现在分词短语作方式状语The haiku poem(E)on the right is a translation from Japanese,which shows a moment in the life of a delicat
24、e butterfly右边的俳句诗(E)是日文译本,它展示了一只精美的蝴蝶生命中的一个瞬间。adj.精美的;精致的;脆弱的精美的;精致的;脆弱的非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句EA fallen blossomIs coming back to the branch.Look,a butterfly!E落下的花朵回到了树枝上。瞧啊,是只蝴蝶!n花朵;花簇花朵;花簇English speakers also enjoy poems from China,those from the Tang Dynasty in particular.A lot of Tang poetry has been
25、translated into English,such as this one(F).说英语的人也喜欢中国的诗歌,特别是唐代的那些诗歌。许多唐诗被译成了英文,例如这首(F)。尤其,特别尤其,特别FWhere she awaits her husbandOn and on the river flows.Never looking back,Transformed into stone.Day by day upon the mountain top,wind and rain revolve.Should the traveller return,this stone would utter
26、 speechWang JianF望夫处,江悠悠。化为石,不回头。山头日日风复雨。行人归来石应语。王建vt.等候;期待;将发生在等候;期待;将发生在vi.旋转;环绕;转动旋转;环绕;转动 vt.出声;说;讲出声;说;讲 adj.完全的;十足的;彻底的完全的;十足的;彻底的utter a cry大叫一声大叫一声to ones utter amazement令某人大感意外的是令某人大感意外的是vi.&vt.转化,转换;改造,变换转化,转换;改造,变换transform.into.把把变成变成With so many different forms of poetry to choose from,you may eventually want to write poems of your own.Give it a try!有这么多不同形式的诗歌可供从中选择,你可能最终想写你自己的诗。试试看!adv.最后;终于最后;终于某人自己的某人自己的with复合结构复合结构(with宾语宾语补足语宾语宾语补足语)Language PointsThanksUnit 4forlistening!