1、Unit 5 Revealing natureUsing language1.In sentence(a),which action happened first,“suspected”or“evolved from a common ancestor”?2.In sentence(b),which action happened first,“refused to believe”or“evolved from lower forms of life”?3.What does the structure had done indicate?Activity 1.Look at the sen
2、tences from the reading passage and answer the questions.a Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,.b Many people refused to believe that living things,including humans,had evolved from lower forms of life.In sentence(a),“evolved from a common ancestor”happened first.In
3、sentence(b),“evolved from lower forms of life”happened first.It indicates the action happened before a certain past action.Using languagea Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,.b Many people refused to believe that living things,including humans,had evolved from lower
4、 forms of life.In each sentence,both the two actions happened in the past,Action B happened first,Action A happened later.In this situation,past perfect is used to describe Action B and simple past is used to describe Action A.SummaryAction AAction BUsing languageActivity 1.Look at the sentences fro
5、m the reading passage and answer the questions.Now look for more sentences with the past perfect tense in the reading passage,and summarise its use in your own words.After Darwin had spent some time in South America,his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had colle
6、cted.At that time,people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time,and had not changed since.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island.The past perfect is a verb tense which is used to show that an action took place once o
7、r many times before another action/point in the past.Using languageActivity 1.Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.The past perfect is formed using had+past participle.Questions are indicated by inverting the subject and had.Negatives are made with had not.Statemen
8、t:You had studied English before you moved to New York.Question:Had you studied English before you moved to New York?Negative:You had not studied English before you moved to New York.What is past perfect tense?DefinitionThe past perfect is a verb tense which is used to show that an action took place
9、 once or many times before another action/point in the past.Past Perfect FormsUsing languageThe past perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past.It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.past perfectsimple pastPast Perfect Us
10、esUse 1 Completed Action Before Something in the PastUsing languageExamples:1.I _(not see)such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.2.I did not have any money because I _(lose)my wallet.3.Tony knew Istanbul so well because he _(visit)the city several times.4._ Susan _(study)Thai before she moved
11、 to Thailand?5.She only understood the movie because she _(read)the book.6.Kristine _(never be)to an opera before last night.7.We were not able to get a hotel room because we _(not book)in advance.8.A:_ you ever _(visit)the U.S.before your trip in 2006?B:Yes,I _ to the U.S.once before.hadnt seenhad
12、losthad visitedstudiedHadhad readhad never beenhadnt bookedHad visitedhad beenUsing languageWith non-continuous verbs(simple past),we use the past perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action(non-continuous verbs)in the past.simple past(non-continuous)past
13、 perfect durationPast Perfect UsesUse 2 Duration Before Something in the Past(Non-Continuous Verbs)Using languageExamples:1.We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.2.By the time Alex finished his studies,he had been in London for over eight years.3.They felt bad about selling the hous
14、e because they had owned it for more than forty years.non-continuous verbpast perfect durationnon-continuous verbpast perfect durationpast perfect durationnon-continuous verbThe words“live”,“work”,“teach”,and“study”are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT non-continuous verbs.Using la
15、nguageAdverbs such as always,only,never,ever,still and just are usually placed between had and past participle.Examples:You had previously studied English before you moved to New York.Had you previously studied English before you moved to New York?Adverb Placement in Past PerfectUsing languageActive
16、 voice:had+past participlePassive voice:had+been+past participleExamples:George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanics license.(Active)Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanics license.(Passive)Active/Passive Voice in Past PerfectUsing language1.a.Natura
17、l disasters led to food shortages in the 1960s.b.Yuan Longping began to do research on hybrid rice.c.Yuan Longping developed a better type of rice.Yuan Longping _ to do research on hybrid rice because natural disasters _ food shortages in the 1960s.In the end,he _ a better type of rice.beganhad led
18、todevelopedActivity 2.Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences.The sentences are in the order in which they happened.They can help you decide the use of tenses.Using languageYuan LongpingYuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930.After he graduated from university in the
19、early 1950s,he dedicated himself to the research of agriculture.Yuan had the idea to create a new breed of rice in the 1960s.Since then,he has worked tirelessly to research and develop a better rice breed.In 1973 he and his collaborators managed to cultivate a hybrid rice species that was superior t
20、o many others.This species produced 20 per cent more rice per plant than the commonly grown varieties.For his achievements and contributions,Yuan is known as the“father of hybrid rice”and was awarded the Medal of the Republic in 2019.Activity 2.Complete the paragraphs with the information from the g
21、iven sentences.The sentences are in the order in which they happened.They can help you decide the use of tenses.Using languageBackground information2.a.Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.b.Gregor Mendel made important discoveries about genetics
22、.c.Gregor Mendel died in 1884.Gregor Mendel _ study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.By the time of his death in 1884,he _ important discoveries about genetics.chose tohad made Using languageActivity 2.Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences
23、.The sentences are in the order in which they happened.They can help you decide the use of tenses.Gregor MendelGregor Mendel(1822-1884)was an influential botanist.Mendel worked out the basic principles of heredity by experimenting with plants.In 1866,he published his findings,showing how invisible“f
24、actors”(now known as genes)are responsible for predictable visible traits.As a result of his work,he became known as the“father of modern genetics”.Activity 2.Complete the paragraphs with the information from the given sentences.The sentences are in the order in which they happened.They can help you
25、 decide the use of tenses.Using languageBackground informationcompetedeclineeatliveintroducearriveLonesome GeorgeLonesome George was the last Pinta Island tortoise.He died in 2012.After Georges death,the Pinta Island tortoise was declared extinct.The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed
26、 on humans.Before humans _ on the island,the species _in isolation and _ the plants that naturally grew there.George was discovered many years after their arrival,and by then humans _ new species that _ for the food the tortoises ate.After goats in particular had been brought to the island,the Pinta
27、 Island tortoise population _.Eventually,only George remained.arrivedhad livedhad eaten had introducedcompeteddeclinedActivity 3.Complete the online encyclopedia entry with the correct form of the words in the box.Using languageUsing languageBiodiversity Listen to the poscast and choose the statemen
28、ts that are made.1.Biodiversity is important.2.Bacteria are always harmful to humans.3.Some species of bacteria are used in food production.4.Many species of bacteria recycle dead organic matter.5.Our immune systems are able to fight off all germs.Using languageBiodiversity Listen again and complete
29、 the fact sheet.Cellsl Every living thing is 1._.They are like 2._.l In the human body there are about 3._ human cells and around 4._bacteria cells.Bacterial Most bacteria in the human body can 5._.l In the food production process,bacteria can 6._ dead organic matter.made up of cellsbricks that are
30、used to build housesthirty trillionthirty-nine trillionhelp with digestionbreak downUsing language听力原文听力原文Using language听力原文听力原文Using language Complete the boxes with the expressions from the podcast.Do you know about.?Have you heard of.?By the way,.In fact,.Actually,.Speaking of which,.Checking bac
31、kground knowledgeAdding informationDo you know about.?Have you heard of.?By the way,.Actually,.In fact,.Speaking of which,.Using language Read the passage on Page 54 and answer the questions.1.What species are mentioned and what is special about them?2.What other unusual life forms do you know of?Tw
32、o species are mentioned:the blue whale and the water bear.The blue whale is the largest animal species on Earth,which can grow up to almost 30 metres in length and weigh over 130,000 kilos.The water bear is probably the toughest species,which can survive temperatures from 150 to a below freezing-272
33、.Using language Complete the paragraphs with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.The Galpagos Islands are renowned worldwide for their unique biodiversity.The Giant Tortoise Reserve on Santa Cruz 1._ several species of giant tortoise that 2._ the GalpagosIslands.The island is al
34、so home to the Charles Darwin Research Station,where 3._ studies are carried out.is home toare native toscientificMangroves are one of the coastal plants that grow on Isabela.They serve as the 4._ for various birds and fish,and are very important to the 5._.habitatsecosystemIguanas can be found on S
35、an Cristbal.They have a very special 6._,with comb-like spines on their back.There is evidence that all the different iguanas have developed from more 7._ones and share a common 8._.appearanceprimitiveancestorWork in pairs.Act out a role-play using the information in Activity 3.One of you will play the keeper of Lonesome George,and the other will play the reporter asking about George.Use the past perfect tense where appropriate.Homework
