1、外研社选择性必修一外研社选择性必修一 Unit6 understanding ideas Sitting back in my seat,I cant quite believe that Im about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was“impossible”.靠坐在火车的座位上靠坐在火车的座位上,我简直不敢相信我简直不敢相信,我将要沿我将要沿着许多外国专家声称着许多外国专家声称“不可能建成不可能建成”的铁路开始一的铁路开始一段旅程段旅程。句型句型:现在分词短语作状语现在分词短语作状语 这条狗
2、跟着男孩进了屋。这条狗跟着男孩进了屋。The dog entered the room,following the boy.看见一个大蛋糕在空中掠过看见一个大蛋糕在空中掠过,司机赶紧停车。司机赶紧停车。Seeing a large cake flying through the air,the driver pulled up quickly.请用另一种方式回答这个问题。请用另一种方式回答这个问题。Please answer the question using another way.归纳拓展归纳拓展 1.现在分词作状语可表示时间、原因、现在分词作状语可表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随等结果
3、、方式或伴随等,相当于一个相应的状相当于一个相应的状语从句。语从句。2.现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。3.如果分词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动如果分词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或相继发生要用一般式作同时发生或相继发生要用一般式;4.如果分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示如果分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前的动作之前,要用完成式。要用完成式。5.如果分词的逻辑主语同时也是分词表示的动作如果分词的逻辑主语同时也是分词表示的动作的承受者的承受者,则要用到则要用到being done、having been done。The plan bein
4、g discussed is about building a new office building.正在讨论的计划是建造一座新的办公楼正在讨论的计划是建造一座新的办公楼 Having learned English for several years,he can communicate with foreigners freely.学了好几年英语学了好几年英语,他能够与外国人自由地交谈。他能够与外国人自由地交谈。6.动词动词-ing形式作状语时形式作状语时,可根据其意义在其前面可根据其意义在其前面加上相应的连词加上相应的连词when/while/though/if/once/even i
5、f/as long as/unless/until/since等等,表示更加表示更加明确的含义。明确的含义。7.现在分词的否定式由现在分词的否定式由“not+现在分词现在分词”构成。构成。He sat there,not knowing what to say.8.有少数动词有少数动词-ing形式形式(短语短语)并不表示句子主语的动并不表示句子主语的动作作,而是表示说话人的态度而是表示说话人的态度,被称为分词的独立成分。被称为分词的独立成分。常用的这类独立成分有常用的这类独立成分有:generally speaking;according to;judging from/by;consider
6、ing;frankly speaking;taking.into consideration;seeing;supposing;providing that;assuming that。(1)单句填空单句填空 The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,allowing(allow)more patients to be treated.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way using(use)the sun and the stars.Having spent(spen
7、d)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.Having spent(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age.(2)句式升级句式升级 For many years Mencius traveled from state to state and taught the prin
8、ciples of Confucius.For many years Mencius traveled from state to state,teaching the principles of Confucius.(现在分现在分词短语作状语词短语作状语)Claim n/v.要求；主张；断言；声称；要求；主张；断言；声称；I claim payment from my friend.我要求我的朋友付款。我要求我的朋友付款。Has anyone claimed the bike?有人来认领这辆自行车吗有人来认领这辆自行车吗?The flood claimed hundreds of lives
9、.水灾夺走了数百人的生命。水灾夺走了数百人的生命。There are several matters that claim my attention.有几件事值得我注意。有几件事值得我注意。The care of the baby claims half my time.照顾婴儿需要我一半的时间。照顾婴儿需要我一半的时间。They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的一种药物。He claimed that he found the money in the fores
10、t.他声称他是在森林中发现这些钱的。他声称他是在森林中发现这些钱的。He claimed himself to be engineer.他声称自己是工程师。他声称自己是工程师。They claimed the child as their own.他们声称这孩子是他们自己的。他们声称这孩子是他们自己的。It is claimed to be true.人们说这是真实的。人们说这是真实的。The train has been racing along steadily since it left Xining.All this time,the song“Sky Railway”has been
11、 playing inside my head.火车从西宁出发火车从西宁出发,向前向前平稳平稳行驶。一路上行驶。一路上,天路天路这首歌一直在我的脑海中回响。这首歌一直在我的脑海中回响。这是一个并列复合句。句中and连接两个并列分句,before引导时间状语从句。The words“railways like massive dragons are winding among the mountains”seem particularly vivid as I travel across the“roof of the world”.当火车开过当火车开过“世界屋脊世界屋脊”时时,“一条条巨龙翻山
12、越岭一条条巨龙翻山越岭”的的歌词显得格外生动鲜活。歌词显得格外生动鲜活。massive adj.巨大的巨大的 They have a massive great house.他们有一座非常大的房子。他们有一座非常大的房子。The explosion made a massive hole in the ground.爆炸在地面留下了一个巨大的坑。爆炸在地面留下了一个巨大的坑。A mass of books covered every surface in the room.许多的书摊满了整个房间。许多的书摊满了整个房间。归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)a massive rock一块巨大的岩石一块巨大的
13、岩石(2)massively adv.非常大地非常大地;非常地非常地(3)mass n.大量大量;块块;团团 a mass of大量的大量的(1)单句填空单句填空 The only card they have left to play is being massively(mass)long in Russia.The page was covered with a mass(massive)of figures.There was evidence of massive(mass)fraud(欺欺诈罪诈罪).I was one of the people who came from all
14、 parts of China to work on this railway.Taking years to complete,the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges.修建青藏铁路的工人来自全国各地修建青藏铁路的工人来自全国各地,而我就而我就是其中之一。它历时数年建成是其中之一。它历时数年建成,凝聚着我们凝聚着我们攻克种种工程难题的全部心血。攻克种种工程难题的全部心血。Overcome 克服克服 overc
15、ome difficulties(shortcomings,weaknesses)克服困难克服困难(缺点缺点,弱点弱点)We have some difficulties to overcome.我们有些困难要克服。我们有些困难要克服。How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的如何保护脆弱的生态系统是需要我们高度重视的问题之一。问题之一。句型句型:“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”作主语作主语 When to start has not been decided.Wha
16、t concerns me most is whom to depend on.How to solve the problem remains to be discussed.归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)疑问代词疑问代词who、whom、what、which、whose和疑问副词和疑问副词when、where、how等放在不定式前等放在不定式前构成一类特殊的不定式短语构成一类特殊的不定式短语,常在句中常在句中作主语、作主语、宾语、表语等。宾语、表语等。(2)“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用第三人第三人称单数称单数形式。形式。(1)完成句子完成句子 Would y
17、ou please advise me which to buy(买哪买哪一个一个)?Where to go(去哪儿去哪儿)tomorrow has not been decided.(2)句式升级句式升级 However,they still did not know how they coped with mean-spirited jokes.However,they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes.(“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”)The first landmark to catch my eye is
18、the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge,the worlds longest bridge built over permafrost.最先映入眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河大桥最先映入眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河大桥,它是世界上最长的高原冻土铁路桥。它是世界上最长的高原冻土铁路桥。句型句型:动词不定式作后置定语动词不定式作后置定语 We all praise him for his ambition to become a scientist.He got a good chance to go to England.The only way to work out
19、the problem is to turn to the professor for help.归纳拓展 常用动词不定式作后置定语的情况:(1)被修饰词是序数词、最高级、被修饰词是序数词、最高级、the only、the last等等;(2)中心词由序数词、最高级、中心词由序数词、最高级、the only、the last等修饰等修饰;(3)表示抽象概念的名词表示抽象概念的名词ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,plan,desire,decision,promise,wish等等,后面常用不定式作定语后面常用不定式作定语,说明中心词的内容。说明中
20、心词的内容。The Aviation(航空航空)Challenge programme gives trainees the chance to earn(earn)their aviation badges.The ability to express(express)an idea is as important as the idea itself.Columbus is the first person to discover(discover)America.阅读满足了我不断学习的愿望。阅读满足了我不断学习的愿望。Reading satisfies my desire to keep
21、 learning.Look!A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge,with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure 看看!一群一群藏羚羊藏羚羊正从桥下走过正从桥下走过,有的则停下来有的则停下来悠闲地吃草悠闲地吃草。Thirty-three passages have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat.铁路桥
22、下修建了三十三条野生动物通道铁路桥下修建了三十三条野生动物通道,让让动物得以在自然栖息地中安全自由地通行动物得以在自然栖息地中安全自由地通行。Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years.They seem totally unaware that we are speeding past at over 100 kilometres an hour.就像现在的这群藏羚羊一样就像现在的这群藏羚羊一样,野生动物们使野生动物们使用这些通道已有数年用这些通道已有数年,
23、它们似乎完全没有意它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时识到我们正以每小时100多千米的速度呼啸多千米的速度呼啸而过。而过。【句式剖析句式剖析】此句中此句中with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure是是with的复合结构的复合结构,作伴随作伴随状语。状语。【句式拓展句式拓展】with 复合结构的常见形式复合结构的常见形式 with+名词名词(代词代词)+动词动词-ing形式形式 with+名词名词(代词代词)+过去分词过去分词 with+名词名词(代词代词)+形容词形容词 with+名词名词(代词代词)+介词短语介词短语 with+名词名词(
24、代词代词)+副词副词 with+名词名词(代词代词)+动词不定式动词不定式 To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands,675 bridges with a total length of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa.为了避免破坏湿地和草原为了避免破坏湿地和草原,我们在格尔木和拉萨我们在格尔木和拉萨之间建造了之间建造了675座大桥座大桥,总长度约总长度约160千米。千米。句型句型:不定式作状语不定式作状语 He hurried to school only to
25、find nobody there.We ran all the way so as not to/in order not to be late.To/In order to pass the exam,he worked very hard.归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)不定式作状语不定式作状语,在句中常表示目的、原因或结在句中常表示目的、原因或结果。果。(2)目的状语还可以用目的状语还可以用in order to或或so as to来表示来表示,但但so as to不能置于句首。不能置于句首。To enjoy(enjoy)the convenience of digital payment,ma
26、ny senior citizens started to use smartphones.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save(save)their valuable time.We even moved 140,000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem.我们甚至将一块我们甚至将一块14万平方米的湿地迁往一万平方米的湿地迁往一个新的区域个新的
27、区域,以保护其独特的生态系统。以保护其独特的生态系统。The journey has been flying by,and before I know it,we have reached Tanggula Station.Located at over 5,000 metres above sea level,this is the highest railway station in the world.火车一路疾驰火车一路疾驰,还没等我反应过来还没等我反应过来,我们就已经到我们就已经到达了唐古拉车站。它达了唐古拉车站。它位于海拔位于海拔5,000多米的地方多米的地方,是世界上海拔最高的火
28、车站。是世界上海拔最高的火车站。In locations such as this,the thin air,changeable weather and high levels of UV radiation presented perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers 在这样的高海拔环境中在这样的高海拔环境中,稀薄的氧气稀薄的氧气,多变的多变的天气天气,还有强烈的紫外线还有强烈的紫外线辐射辐射,这些恐怕是铁这些恐怕是铁路工人面临的最大挑战。路工人面临的最大挑战。.To make sure we stayed healthy,sev
29、eral oxygen-making stations were constructed.We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas.为了确保我们的身体健康建造了多个制氧为了确保我们的身体健康建造了多个制氧站。我们还会定期到低海拔地区休整。站。我们还会定期到低海拔地区休整。Locate v 位于位于-location n.位置位置;地点地点 be located in/on/at 位于位于位置位置 in范围内范围内 Shanghai is located in China；on接壤接壤 Hunan is located on
30、 Hubei；to有距离有距离 Japan is located to China。present n.现在现在;目前目前adj.出席的出席的;现在的现在的;1)at the present time=at present=now 目前目前;现在现在 2)present sth to sb=present sb with sth 把把交给交给;把把授予授予 The principal presented a diploma to each of the graduates.=The principal presented each of the graduates with a diploma
31、.校长把毕业证书授予每一位毕业生。校长把毕业证书授予每一位毕业生。As we pass Cuona Lake,I feel a sense of pride and achievement.Using thousands and thousands of sandbags,we built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste.火车经过火车经过错那湖错那湖时时,一股自豪感和成就感在一股自豪感和成就感在我心中油然而生。我们沿着错那湖边用成我心中油然而生。我们沿着错那湖边用成千上万个
32、沙袋筑起了一道二十千米的保护千上万个沙袋筑起了一道二十千米的保护墙墙,使它免受建筑废料的污染。使它免受建筑废料的污染。Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror-like surface.错那湖离火车这么近错那湖离火车这么近,我好想伸出手去触摸它那我好想伸出手去触摸它那镜面似的浅蓝色湖面。镜面似的浅蓝色湖面。reach out伸出伸出,伸展伸展 I reached out to help him when he suffered.在他受苦的时候在他受苦
33、的时候,我伸出援助之手。我伸出援助之手。Reach out for the rope,or youll fall down.伸手抓住那根绳子伸手抓住那根绳子,否则你会掉下来的。否则你会掉下来的。Medicine should be kept out of the reach of children.药应该放在儿童够不到的地方。药应该放在儿童够不到的地方。归纳拓展归纳拓展 1）reach(out)for 伸手去拿伸手去拿/去够去够 2）reach/come to/arrive at an agreement 达成一致达成一致 3）within(sb.s)reach =within the rea
34、ch of sb.(某人某人)伸手可及的伸手可及的/够得着的够得着的 4）beyond/out of sb.s reach =beyond/out of the reach of sb.在某人能力范围之外在某人能力范围之外 Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches naturally and softly.He reached for a book on the shelf above his head.The young man climbed the tree and picked all the
35、 pears within reach.句型公式句型公式:so.that.如此如此以至于以至于 情境探究情境探究 He was so foolish that he accepted her invitation.She works so hard that we all respect her.It is such a heavy box that I cant lift it.=It is so heavy a box that I cant lift it.归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)“so.that.”意为意为“如此如此以至于以至于”,引引导结果状语从句导结果状语从句,so后通常接形容词或副
36、词后通常接形容词或副词:so+形容词形容词/副词副词+that.so+形容词形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数可数名词单数+that.so+many/few+可数名词复数可数名词复数+that.so+much/little(少少)+不可数名词不可数名词+that.(2)“such.that.”也表示也表示“如此如此以至以至于于”:such+a/an+形容词形容词+可数名词单数可数名词单数+that.such+形容词形容词+不可数名词不可数名词+that.such+形容词形容词+可数名词复数可数名词复数+that.(3)little表示表示“少少”时用时用so修饰修饰,但表示但表示“小小”时时用用s
37、uch修饰。修饰。(4)在在“so.that.”和和“such.that.”结构中结构中,当当“so/such.”置于句首时置于句首时,主句要用倒装结构。主句要用倒装结构。So angry was he that he couldnt speak.他愤怒得一句话也说不出来。他愤怒得一句话也说不出来。(so与作表语的形容词放于句首，与作表语的形容词放于句首，主句呈现全部主句呈现全部倒装的形式倒装的形式)。So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.他跑得如此快，他跑得如此快，以至于远远领先于其他人。以至于远远领先于其他人。(so与修饰谓语
38、与修饰谓语run的副词的副词fast放于句首，放于句首，主句呈主句呈现部分倒装的形式现部分倒装的形式)。Water birds playing in the lake,and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life.湖中嬉戏的水鸟湖中嬉戏的水鸟,在草原上游荡的牛羊在草原上游荡的牛羊,让这片风让这片风景充满勃勃生机。景充满勃勃生机。wander v.徘徊徘徊 He likes to wander over the countryside.他喜欢在乡间漫步。他喜欢在乡间漫步。The poet wante
39、d to wander those countries on his own.诗人想独自漫游那些国家。诗人想独自漫游那些国家。He kept a journal of his wanderings across Asia.他记下了自己漫游亚洲的日记。他记下了自己漫游亚洲的日记。The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been attracting peoples admiration for centuries.Now,thanks to our efforts,passengers from all over the country have been enjoying
40、these magical landscapes.几个世纪以来几个世纪以来,青藏青藏高原高原是无数人向往的地是无数人向往的地方。如今方。如今,由于我们的努力由于我们的努力,来自全国各地的来自全国各地的旅客都能亲眼观赏到这片神奇的土地。旅客都能亲眼观赏到这片神奇的土地。I am proud that we built our“impossible”railway,and did so with the care that the environment deserves.It truly is an extraordinary“Sky Railway”.我们建成了一条我们建成了一条“不可能建成不可能建成”的铁路的铁路,并并且给予了当地环境充分的保护且给予了当地环境充分的保护,我为此感到我为此感到骄傲和自豪。它真是一条了不起的骄傲和自豪。它真是一条了不起的“天路天路”。这是一个这是一个主从复合主从复合句。句中第一个句。句中第一个that引导引导宾语宾语从从句句,and连接两个并列谓语连接两个并列谓语,第二个第二个that引导引导定语定语从从句。句。Thanks
