1、Unit 6 SurvivalDeveloping ideasActivity 1.Work in pairs.Complete the quiz and find out how much you know about Mars.Try to guess if you are not sure of the answers.Developing ideas Before reading 1 Mars is the _ smallest planet in the solar system.a second b third c fourth2 The surface of Mars is co
2、vered in _.a rocks b water c grass3 The average recorded temperature on Mars is _.a 40 b 2 c-634 One day on Mars is about _ long.a 18 hours b 24 hours c 37 hoursaacbDeveloping ideas While reading In the 1960s and 1970s,the greatest fear was that the human race,and possibly all advanced life forms on
3、 the planet,could be wiped out by nuclear missiles,just at the push of a button.Today,however,environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on Earth.Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk,such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy.But they are als
4、o preparing for the worst:what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life?What is our Plan B for Earth?在20世纪60、70年代，最大的恐惧是，只需按下一个按钮，人类甚至可能是地球上所有的高级生命体就可能被核导弹彻底毁灭。然而今天，环境问题已经变成地球上的生命面临的最大威胁。科学家们正在思考降低这一风险的方法，例如用各种可再生能源替代煤炭和石油。但他们也在做最坏的打算：如果后天等电影中的恐怖
5、场景发生在现实生活中，我们该怎么办？对地球，我们的B计划是什么？if 引导的条件状语从句Developing ideas While reading One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them.The most likely choice is Mars,which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of other planets.Mars has fascinated peopl
6、e since ancient times,and today our interest in Martain exploration is greater than ever before.Films such as The Martian enjoy worldwide popularity.More governments and organisations are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet,for example,the Mars Desert Research Station in the Utah
7、desert of the US and the Mars Village in North-west Chinas Qinghai Province.一种选择是探索其他星球，看看我们能否在上面生活。最有可能的选择是火星，它离地球相对较近，环境不像其他行星那么恶劣。火星自古以来就吸引着人们，我们现在对探索火星的兴趣比以往任何时候都更浓厚。像火星救援这样的电影在全世界都很受欢迎。越来越多的政府和组织正在努力对公众进行有关“红色星球”的教育，例如美国犹他州的火星沙漠研究站和中国西北部青海省的火星村。Developing ideas While reading One option is to ex
8、plore other planets to see if we could live on them.本句中的“to explore other planets”，是不定式短语作表语。“to see if we could live on them”是不定式短语作状语，其中的“if we could live on them”是由if引导的宾语从句。【句子分析】The most likely choice is Mars,which is relatively close to Earth and has an environment less hostile than that of ot
9、her planets.本句“which”引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中由“and”连接了两个并列成分“is relatively close to Earth”和“has an environment less hostile than that of other planets”，其中“less hostile than that of other planets”为形容词短语作定语，修饰“an environment”。Developing ideas While reading Since the 1960s,we have been sending unmanned spacecra
10、ft to Mars.Our probes have orbited the planet,sending back valuable data and stunning images.Our robots have explored the Martian surface,testing the soil and searching for resources,water and signs of life.Encouraged by discoveries over the years,space agencies of various countries are planning man
11、ned missions to Mars that could take place within the next 25 years.自20世纪60年代以来，我们一直在向火星发射无人飞船。我们的探测器已经绕火星轨道运行，并发回了宝贵的数据和令人惊叹的图像。我们的机器人已经探索了火星表面，测试了土壤并且在寻找资源、水和生命的迹象。受到多年来这些发现的鼓舞，各国航天机构正计划在未来25年内进行载人飞船登陆火星的任务。sending back.现在分词短语作伴随状语；testing.and searching.现在分词短语作伴随状语；Encouraged.过去分词短语作原因状语；that.引导的定
12、语从句，修饰先行词missions。Developing ideas While reading There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars,with dreams of making it our second home.However,sending people there will require all the skill,courage and intelligence of the human race.While the Moon can be reached within days,it would take
13、months to reach Mars,travelling through dangerous solar radiation.And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely,they may not be able to return to Earth ever.Staying alive will be a daily challenge,but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment,not impossible.As early as the 1980s,scientists were
14、building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。然而，把人类送上火星将要求人类具备所有的技能、勇气和智慧。到达月球只需要几天的时间，而到达火星却需要数月的时间，并且其间要经历危险的太阳辐射。而且即使第一批开拓者安全抵达火星，他们可能永远无法再回到地球。活着将会成为一个日常挑战，但正如“生物圈2号”实验所证明的，这也并非完全不可能。早在20世纪80年代，科学家们就在亚利桑那州的沙漠中建造了“生物圈2号”。Developing ideas While reading There is no doubt
15、that humankind is drawn towards Mars,with dreams of making it our second home.However,sending people there will require all the skill,courage and intelligence of the human race.While the moon can be reached within days,it would take months to reach Mars,travelling through dangerous solar radiation.A
16、nd even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely,they may not be able to return to Earth ever.Staying alive will be a daily challenge,but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment,not impossible.As early as the 1980s,scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.that引导同位语从句，对doubt进行解释说明
17、；sending people there动名词短语作主语；While引导的让步状语从句；travelling.现在分词短语做伴随状语；even if引导的让步状语从句；Staying alive动名词短语作主语；as proved“连词+过去分词短语”作方式状语。Developing ideas While reading It consisted of a closed space in which people,animals and plants could live together.The“closed”concept meant that the space was design
18、ed to function with its own oxygen,food and water,needing nothing from the outside world.Although the two-year experiment was not a success,it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.More recently,scientists have succeeded in growing a variety
19、 of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.That definitely is a big step forward.它包括一个封闭的空间，人、动物和植物可以生活在一起。“封闭”的概念意味着这个空间被设计成依靠自身的氧气、食物和水来运作，而不需要外界的任何东西。尽管为期两年的实验并不成功，但它确实让我们更好地了解了人类如何能够在另一个星球上生活。最近，科学家们成功地在类似火星的环境中种植了各种各样的植物。这无疑是向前迈出的一大步。Developing ideas While reading It consisted of a cl
20、osed space in which people,animals and plants could live together.The“closed”concept meant that the space was designed to function with its own oxygen,food and water,needing nothing from the outside world.Although the two-year experiment was not a success,it did provide us with a better understandin
21、g of how humans might be able to live on another planet.More recently,scientists have succeeded in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.That definitely is a big step forward.in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词space；that引导的宾语从句；needing.现在分词短语作方式状语；Although引导的让步状语从句；how引导的宾语从句；Stayin
22、g alive动名词短语作主语；similar to that on Mars形容词短语作定语，修饰an environment。Developing ideas While reading For now,human settlement of Mars is still decades away.In the meantime,scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting warmer.This change is being caused by human activity and is having a terri
23、ble effect on the biosphere.Until we are finally able to live on another planet,we need to take much better care of our own.Right now,its the only one we have!到目前为止，人类要在火星上定居还需要几十年的时间。同时，科学研究表明地球正在变暖。这种变化是由人类活动引起的，而且对生物圈产生了严重的影响。在我们最终能够生活在另一个星球上之前，我们需要更好地保护好我们自己的星球。现在，它是我们唯一个赖以生存的星球！that引导的宾语从句；Unti
24、l引导的时间状语从句；we have省略引导词that的定语从句，修饰the only one。Developing ideas While reading Activity 3.Choose the magazine in which you would most likely find the passage and give your reasons.1.The Traveller2.All About Space3.Environmental Concerns4.Biology for FunAnswer:2 All About Space.In order to survive,hu
25、mans began a series of explorations to Mars and made some progress.So this article should be taken from a magazine about space.Developing ideas While reading Activity 4.Choose the statements that can be inferred from the passage.1 Humans have yet not visited Mars.2 People want to go to Mars on holid
26、ay.3 There are plants growing on Mars.4 The greatest risk to life on Earth used to be nuclear missiles.5 One day,humans will have to go and live on another planet.6 Our Plan A includes developing renewable energy resources.7 The Biosphere 2 experiment ended in failure.Developing ideas While reading
27、Think&Share1 Would you like to be one of the first people to live on Mars?Why or why not?2 Which is better,to live on Mars or to solve Earths problems?Why?3 Can you think of a“Plan C”to save people from the problems on Earth?Share it with the class.No.It is hard to say if the conditions on Mars are
28、safe and proper for human beings to live on it.I think it is better to try to solve Earths problems.On the one hand,Earth is the place where life began,where life has lived for billions of years.On the other hand,it is easier and safer for us to protect and save our planet than to move to another di
29、stant planet.Developing ideas While reading Think&Share4 What theme do the two reading passages in this unit have in common?On what aspects does each passage focus?The two reading passages are both about the problem of survival.The first passage focuses on the survival crisis of the animals while th
30、e second passage concentrates on the survival of human beings and the efforts people have made.Developing ideas While reading Activity 6.Read the story and answer the questions.Its been a week since the other astronauts left Mars and went back to Earth,accidentally leaving me here alone.I was caught
31、 in a dust storm and lost contact with them.After resuming communication with the base five days later,I was informed that it will be eight months before a rescue mission arrives from Earth.Fortunately,I have shelter,because the landing capsule protects me from the deadly radiation outside.The capsu
32、le is powered by a small nuclear plant.It might have just enough electricity for eight months,if nothing goes wrong.Whats more,my spacesuit keeps me safe from exposure to the Martian surface for up to several hours at a time.Water and oxygen were my biggest worries at first,but Ive discovered an und
33、erground ice deposit nearby.I can reach the ice with our survey tools.Thats lucky,because I can drink the water from the ice and also use it to produce oxygen when I run low.Developing ideas While reading Activity 6.Read the story and answer the questions.Now I am worried about food.There is only en
34、ough for one person for four monthsfour months short of what I need.Part of our mission was to experiment with growing plants in the Martian soil,so I have seeds of various kinds.I must work out how to farm on Mars.If I can solve that challenge,and if the electricity supply holds,I can survive until
35、 I am rescued.Theres still hope!Questions:1 Where is the person in the story?He is on Mars.Developing ideas While reading Activity 6.Read the story and answer the questions.2 What difficulties is he facing?3 What has he already done to stay alive?4 What will he do next?He was left alone on Mars and
36、he lost contact with other astronauts.The capsule might have just enough electricity for eight months,if nothing goes wrong.There is only enough food for one person for four months.He has resumed communication with the base.Whats more,hes discovered an underground ice deposit nearby.He must work out
37、 how to farm on Mars.Developing ideas Words and Phrases 1.average The average recorded temperature on Mars is-63.(教材P68)火星上有记录的平均气温是零下六十三摄氏度。【用法详解】adj.平均的；普通的，一般的；正常的 An increase in average temperature by only a few degrees could cause many environmental problems.平均气温仅仅增长几度就会导致许多环境问题。Freddy was an a
38、verage student,but not an average person.弗雷迪是一个普通的学生，但并不是一个一般的人。40 hours is a fairly average working week for most people.对大多数人来说，一周工作40小时是相当正常的。Developing ideas Words and Phrases 1.average n.C 平均数；平均水平 an average of.平均为 John is a bookworm and he spends an average of about 1,000 dollars a year on bo
39、oks.约翰是一个书迷，他买书的花费平均每年约为1000美元。above/below/up to(the)average 高于/低于/达到平均水平 Last year is the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68 above the average.去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年，全球气温比平均气温高0.68摄氏度。on average 平均来看 Remembering 70 new words a week means remembering only ten words a day on average.一周记70个新单
40、词意味着平均一天仅记10个单词。Developing ideas Words and Phrases 2.replace Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk,such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy.(教材P68)科学家们正在想办法来降低这种风险，比如以可再生能源替代煤和石油。【用法详解】vt.(用)替换，（以)接替；代替，取代 replace.with/by.用替换，以接替 Its not a good idea to miss meals an
41、d replace them with snacks.不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。With the rise of modern communication tools,handwritten letters are being replaced by emails.随着现代通讯工具的兴起，手写信正在被电子邮件替代。Developing ideas Words and Phrases 2.replace vt.把放回原处 I replaced the cup carefully in the saucer.我小心翼翼地将杯子放回茶碟。【拓展记忆】replacement n.U替换，更
42、换；C替代品；接替者 “代替，取代”的其他表达：1)take the place of sb./sth.=take sbs/sths place 2)in place of sb./sth.代替某人/某物Developing ideas Words and Phrases 3.consist of 由由组成，由组成，由构成构成 It consisted of a closed space in which people,animals and plants could live together.(教材P69)它由一个封闭的空间构成，人、动物和植物可以共同生活在其中。【用法详解】一般用表示整体
43、概念的词作主语，表示“整体由部分组成”。相当于be made up of，be composed of。不能用于被动语态和进行时态，也就是说，不能用作be consisted of和be consisting of，但可以用consisting of作后置定语。Developing ideas Words and Phrases 3.consist of 由由组成，由组成，由构成构成 The newly-published book consists of/is made up of/is composed of 20 chapters,each chapter having 20,000 w
44、ords.这本新出版的书有20章，每一章有2万词。The football team,consisting of 23 players and three coaches,was set up about 3 years ago.这支由23名球员和3名教练组成的足球队是大约3年前成立的。【拓展记忆】consist in.(=lie in)在于，存在于 The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.这座城市的美在于它那些宏伟的建筑。be consistent with.与一致 His actions are consis
45、tent with his words.他言行一致。Developing ideas Sentences 1.It consisted of a closed space in which people,animals and plants could live together.(教材P69)它由一个封闭的空间构成，人、动物和植物可以共同生活在其中。【句式剖析】It consisted of a closed space in which people,animals and plants could live together.主句主句in which引导的定语从句，修饰引导的定语从句，修
46、饰a closed spaceDeveloping ideas Sentences 【语法讲解】使用“介词关系代词”引导定语从句时要注意以下几点：在该结构中，关系代词通常用whom（先行词指人），which（先行词指物）和whose（表所属关系）。该结构可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略，但若介词后置，则可以用that/who代替which/whom。介词的确定要遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则。某些在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语的“介词关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when，where，why等互换。有时whic
47、h在定语从句中可以作定语。Developing ideas Sentences 【例句】：I love my motherland,for whose good future I will work hard.我爱我的祖国，我愿意为她的美好未来而努力工作。I cannot remember the age at which he won the prize.（根据先行词age的习惯搭配确定用介词at）我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。This is the ring that/which she spent 1,000 dollars on.=This is the ring on which she
48、 spent 1,000 dollars.这就是她花1000美元买的戒指。（spend.on.花费做某事）Developing ideas Sentences 【例句】：A friend is someone who can draw you out,with whom you are more relaxed.（根据从句的意义确定用介词with）朋友就是能使你畅所欲言的人，与他（她）在一起你会更放松。The holiday villa had large windows on every side from which(=where)one could enjoy the lakeside scenery,as enchanting as fairyland.度假别墅轩窗四围，满目湖光山色，真如仙境。Ten years of hard work changed her greatly,for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight.十年的辛劳使她变化很大，因此他第一眼很难认出她来。（which作定语）
