1、Section BUsing language.知识体系图解 重点词汇1.n.假定,假设 2.n.积蓄 3.n.帮助;福利 4.n.心理,心理过程 5.n.研究的结果;发现 6.timid adj.7.coward n.8.bookish adj.9.loyal adj.assumption savingwelfarepsychologyfinding胆小的,胆怯的胆小鬼;懦夫好读书的,书呆子气的忠贞的,忠实的,忠诚的重点短语 1.假设 2.适用于;向申请 3.秘密地 4.创造纪录 5.transform.into.6.regard.as.7.in ones search for 8.in r
2、eality make assumptions aboutapply toin secretset records把变成认为是寻找事实上重点语法主语从句 重点句式1.She also set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman to do a parachute jump,at the age of 51.2.However,he performs brave actions even when he feels afraid,proving that he is in fact a courageous individual.释义匹配
3、1.loyalA.the amount of money saved 2.timid B.a belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen3.sensitiveC.shy and nervous;not brave4.saving D.able to understand other people and their feelings5.assumptionE.remaining faithful to sb/sth and supporting them or it答案:1.E2.C3.D4.A5.B.用适当的连接词填空
4、(how/when/where/who/what)1.will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.2.struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son.3.theyve managed to get everything finished so quickly is not clear to us.4.I spend my summer is none of your business.But I want it in my hometown.5.we will have
5、 a holiday this year is still not decided.WhoWhatHowWhereWhen重点词汇1.That/How others are feeling is not something that we should make assumptions about,because its not always obvious who is truly happy.别人的感受不是我们应该假设的,因为谁真正快乐并不总是显而易见的。(p.5)【词汇精讲】assumption是名词,表示“假定,假设”。The theory is based on a series o
6、f wrong assumptions.这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为根据的。【词汇拓展】make assumptions about 对进行了推测assume that.假定assume sb to be认为某人是It is/was assumed+that.据推测We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.我们认为他是这个时代最好的作家。If hes not here in five minutes,well assume that he isnt coming.如果他五分钟之内不到这儿,我们就可以认为他不会来了。2.People of
7、ten regard him as frightful or monstrous,but in fact he is just and righteous.人们常常认为他可怕或怪异,但事实上他是公正和正义的。(p.7)【词汇精讲】frightful是形容词,表示“可怕的,非常的,惊人的”,在句中作宾语补足语。My father was unable to talk about the war;it was so frightful.我父亲没法谈论那场战争,那太可怕了。【词汇拓展】take fright(at sth)(被某事物)惊吓,受惊give someone a fright使某人受惊ge
8、t a fright大吃一惊with fright惊慌失措He gave me a fright by bursting into a sudden laughter.他突然笑起来,吓了我一跳。The animals took fright at the sound of the gun.那些动物受到了枪声的惊吓。3.In reality,he is brave and loyal,and always ready for a dangerous challenge when it is necessary to do the right thing.在现实中,他是勇敢和忠诚的,当需要做正确的
9、事情时,总是为危险的挑战做好准备。(p.7)【词汇精讲】loyal是形容词,表示“忠贞的,忠实的,忠诚的”,在句中作表语。When all her other friends deserted her,Steve remained loyal.当她所有其他的朋友都抛弃她时,史蒂夫仍然忠心耿耿。【词汇拓展】loyally adv.忠诚地;诚实地be loyal to忠于Someone knows how to be loyal to someone,how to take care of him,and how to love him,as he is a very important pers
10、on in his life.有些人知道怎样对一个人忠诚,怎样照顾他,怎样爱他,因为他是他生命中很重要的人。重点句式1.She also set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman to do a parachute jump,at the age of 51.她还创造了一项全国纪录,在她51岁时成为参加跳伞运动的年龄最大的女性。(p.5)【句式剖析】本句中to do 作定语,修饰前面的woman。He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开学校的。【句式拓展】(1)不
11、定式与其所修饰的名词可能是逻辑上的主谓关系。(2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是逻辑上的动宾关系。(3)不及物动词构成的不定式作定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。(4)不定式修饰一些名词:ability 能力,本领;ambition 抱负,野心;campaign 战役,运动;chance 机会;courage勇气;decision 决定;determination 决心,决定;effort努力;wish 希望,愿望,祝愿等。The train to arrive was from London.将要到站的火车是从伦敦始发的。Get him someth
12、ing to eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上她有很多工作要做。I need a pen to write with.我需要一支钢笔写字。2.However,he performs brave actions even when he feels afraid,proving that he is in fact a courageous individual.然而,即使他感到害怕,他也会表现出勇敢的行为,证明他实际上是一个勇敢的人。(p.7)【句式剖析】本句中proving that he is in fac
13、t a courageous individual是动词-ing形式作结果状语。Chinese scientists have finished the project,proving that they are one of the best in the world.中国科学家完成了这个项目,证明他们是世界上最好的科学家之一。【句式拓展】动词-ing形式作结果状语,通常表示一种自然的结果,即属预料之中的事。而不定式作结果状语,主要表示没有预料到的情况或结果,即属预料之外的事。The child fell,striking his head against the door and cutt
14、ing it.那个孩子摔倒了,头撞到门上碰破了。He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。重点语法主语从句一、主语从句概述主语从句即在主从复合句中用作主语的从句。主语从句通常由连词that,whether/if,连接代词(what,which,who等)或连接副词(when,where,why,how等)引导。What caused the accident is a complete mystery.是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜。Whether she will come or not is still a
15、 question.她是否来还是一个问题。Which team will win the match is still unknown.哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道。二、从属连词that,whether/if引导的主语从句连接词that本身没有意义,不作句子成分,that不能省略;whether/if尽管不充当句子成分,但是含有“是否”的意思,可以加上“or not”,其语意不变。若主语从句位于句首或和or not 连用时,则必须用连接词whether,而不用 if。That they will go is certain.他们去是肯定的。Whether shes coming or not
16、doesnt matter too much.她来不来没有多大关系。三、it作形式主语引导主语从句如果主语从句太长,为避免句子结构头重脚轻,我们可用it作形式主语。that引导的主语从句可用it代替,that 不可省略。that引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,常见句型有:It+be+形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/important/certain等)+that从句.It is wonderful that all of you have passed the difficult exam!你们都通过了这次很难的考试真令人高兴!It+be
17、+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/a surprise/no wonder等)+that从句.It is a pity that you have missed the wonderful lecture.你错过了这么精彩的演讲真遗憾。It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided/suggested等)+that从句.It is suggested that the lab building(should)be built next year.有人建议实验楼明年修建。It+特殊动词(seems/appears/happens/matters)+that
18、从句.It appears that they have made the same mistake.好像他们犯了同样的错误。【温馨提示1】在以下主语从句中,常使用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”形式,其中的should可以省略。It is necessary/strange/important/natural.+that.It is a pity that.It is suggested/requested/required/proposed/desired.+that.【温馨提示2】whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末,但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末,且前面需用it
19、作形式主语。Whether it is true remains a question.这是否是真的依然是个问题。It is unknown if he will attend the meeting.他是否会参加会议还不清楚。四、由连接代词引导的主语从句(1)关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导主语从句时,它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语(whose),不能省略。Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.走得最晚的应
20、当关灯。What you have done might do harm to other people.你的行为可能伤害别人。(2)what引导主语从句表示“的东西/事情”时,等同于the thing(s)which/that。what,who,whom,which,可以和ever构成合成词引导从句,ever 起强调作用。这些关系词在句子中充当成分,所以不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导。What I need(=The thing which/that I need)is a mobile phone.我所需要的是一部移动电话。Whoever leaves the office
21、should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。五、连接副词引导的主语从句连接副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等引导主语从句时,它们在从句中担任状语,不能省略。How a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer.电话是怎样工作的,这个问题并不是每个人都能回答。六、主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况(1)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句、感叹句时,主语从句不可提前,用引导词it作形式主语。Is it really true that he has gon
22、e abroad?他真的出国了吗?(2)It is said/reported.结构中的主语从句不可提前。Its said that the play is very interesting.据说这部戏剧很有趣。(3)It happens/occurs.结构中的主语从句不可提前。It occurs to her that she has forgotten to lock the door.她突然想起忘了锁门。(4)It doesnt matter how/whether or not.结构中的主语从句不可提前。It doesnt matter how he will come.他怎么来不重要
23、。.单词拼写1.Parents are responsible for the w of their children.答案:welfare2.These f suggest that there is no direct link between unemployment and crime.答案:findings3.He stopped in the doorway,too(胆小的)to go in.答案:timid4.Im a terrible(胆小鬼)when it comes to dealing with sick people.答案:coward5.He was more(好读书
24、的)and academic than many of his fellow students.答案:bookish.用主语从句完成句子1.他昨天晚上干了些什么正在调查之中。is being investigated.答案:What he did last night2.她成为艺术家可能是受她父亲的影响。may have been due to her fathers influence.答案:That she became an artist3.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。was a problem.答案:Whether they would support us4.竟有这么多人失业这是
25、不公平的。so many people should lose their jobs.答案:Its unfair that5.谁先到就会获奖。will receive a prize.答案:Whoever comes first.语法填空Jim was a well-known and famous radio show host.If hes on-air,he is always wearing a suit and a tie.His friends laughed 1.him,“No one ever sees you.Why do you dress like that?”But h
26、e always turned that into 2.joke.One day Jim was invited 3.(appear)on the TV.For the first time the people,who only knew him by his voice,would see him.Before the 4.(record)of the show,the director came to Jim and asked,“5.(usual)you arrive on time,but today you are 10 minutes late.Its not horrible,
27、but Im still interested.Why?”“You see,”Jim answered,“at the last moment when I was already 6.(dress)up,I thought that simply 7.(wear)clean socks was not enough.So I needed to go to the store for socks.”“But why do you need new socks?”The director was surprised.“You could have come without the socks,
28、8.we will be filming you only over the waist.”“You see,I need to feel myself spotless in everything.And if my socks have 9.(hole)in them,or my shoes are 10.(dirt),Im not spotless anymore.”答案与解析:【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位电台节目主持人,他注重自己的外表形象,认为完美的外表代表着精致的工作。1.at考查介词。此处是laugh at 固定短语,表示“嘲笑”,故填at。2.a考查冠词。根
29、据语境,此处表示泛指一个笑话,故填a。3.to appear考查不定式。此处是be invited to do sth“被邀请做某事”,故填to appear。4.recording考查名词。根据前面的定冠词the可知,后面跟名词,故填recording。5.Usually考查副词。修饰整个句子使用副词,作状语,故填Usually。6.dressed考查过去分词。此处是be dressed up固定短语,故填dressed。7.wearing考查动词-ing形式。根据语境,此处是动词-ing短语作主语,故填wearing。8.because考查连词。根据语境,此处表示原因,故填because。9.holes考查名词复数。结合语境,hole是可数名词,故填holes。10.dirty考查形容词。前面是系动词are后面跟形容词,作表语,故填dirty。
