1、LANGUAGE POINTS 1.Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/writer after all.祈使句祈使句+and+简单句：简单句：相当于相当于if 引导的肯定的条件句引导的肯定的条件句Use your head,and you will find a way.=If you use your head,you will find a way.祈使句祈使句+or+简单句：简单句：相当于相当于if 引导的否定的条件句引导的否定的条件句Work hard,or you w
2、ont pass the exam.=If you dont work hard,you wont pass the exam.灵活处理你的意见，你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观灵活处理你的意见，你最终可能会同意说话人或者作者的观点。点。Focus on Language:Important sentences 1.Give him an inch and he will take an ell.译：_2.Grasp the needle and it wont sting you.译：_3.Respect yourself,_ no one will respect you.4._(giv
3、e)me one more hour,and youll get the work finished.5.People want to do better,but they end up _(do)worse.得寸进尺。得寸进尺。你不怕困难，困难就怕你。你不怕困难，困难就怕你。Give or doing Focus on Language:Exercise 2.If you try to find out the source of an idea,no matter how crazy it seems,you will increase your chance of learning so
4、mething.如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论这个想法看来多么不如果你试图找出一个想法的来源，无论这个想法看来多么不可思议，你都更有机会学到一些东西。可思议，你都更有机会学到一些东西。该句该句中中 if 引导引导条件状语条件状语从句，从句，主将从现主将从现;引导条件状语引导条件状语从句的还有：从句的还有：as long as,provided that,suppose that,on condition that 等。等。no matter how 引导引导让步状语让步状语从句，可替换从句，可替换为为 however；no matter+特殊疑问词特殊疑问词可引导让步状语从句。可引导让步状
5、语从句。Focus on Language:Important sentences 1.If the president agrees,we _(start)our project.2._(provide)that there is no opposition,we shall hold the meeting here.3.No matter how hard he tried,she could not change her mind.译：_4.He wont listen _ you may say.will start Provided whatever/no matter what不
6、管他多么努力，她都坚持己见。不管他多么努力，她都坚持己见。Focus on Language:ExerciseLook at the colored verbs in the article.Complete the table.Verb+verb-ing formVerb+infinitivesuggest,need,keep,risk,end up,stop,try,cannot helpattempt,try,refuseFocus on Grammar:Verbs followed by Verb-ing Form or infinitiveVerb+verb-ing formVerb
7、+infinitivesuggest,need,keep,risk,end up,try,cannot helpadvise,avoid,cant stand,dont mind,enjoy,start,like,practise,regret,rememberattempt,try,refuseagree,start,help,like,manage,regret,seem,rememberAdd the following verbs to the table above.Use a dictionary to help you.advise agree avoid cant stand
8、dont mind enjoy start help like manage practise regret seem rememberFocus on Grammar:Verbs followed by Verb-ing Form or infinitive注意以下动词：既注意以下动词：既加加 to do 也加也加 doing 1beginstartcontinue无区别无区别 2like lovehateprefer区别微区别微:一次一次/经常经常 3rememberforgetregret区别大：区别大：未做未做/做过做过 4trymeanstopcant help区别大区别大Focus
9、 on Grammar:Verbs followed by Verb-ing Form or infinitive1.She tried _(read),but couldnt make her forget her trouble.2.He forgot even _(write)to me,so he wrote another one.3.I regret _(tell)that we cant take your advice.4.Revolution means _(liberate)the productive forces.readingwritingto tellliberat
10、ingFocus on Grammar:Exercise 1Recently,Ive managed 1 _(become)a more active learner.When Im reading a book or listening to my teacher,I try 2 _(forget)what Ive learnt before or what I think about the book or the person giving me the information and practice 3 _(concentrate)on the information itself.
11、At the beginning,I found it difficult to do this and I couldnt help to becometo forgetconcentratingFocus on Grammar:Exercise 24 _(question)the ideas I was reading or hearing.But now Ive learnt to avoid 5 _(listen)to my inner voice all the time and sometimes I even argue with it.On the other hand,I a
12、lso attempt 6 _(ask)as many questions as I can.I ask my teachers a lot of questions and Ive noticed that the answers to the questions have really helped me understand the topic a lot better.questioninglisteningto askFocus on Grammar:Exercise 1.This is because when we experience things for the first
13、time,we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.这是因为我们第一次经历事物时，常常会产生强烈的恐这是因为我们第一次经历事物时，常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感惧感或者兴奋感。This is because.这是因为这是因为 This is why.这是为什么这是为什么1.From space,the earth looks blue.This is _ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.2.Smoking does harm to your
14、health.That is _ millions of people die from the habit.whybecauseFocus on Language:Important sentences 2.As a result,we remember them much better,as telling events helps fix experiences in our memories.重复事件能加强我们对事件的印象，我们能更好的记住这些经重复事件能加强我们对事件的印象，我们能更好的记住这些经历历。as 常见的固定短语：常见的固定短语：as a result/as a resul
15、t of(由于由于的结果的结果)as a whole(就整体就整体来说来说)as follows(如下如下)as above(如上如上)as usual(照常照常)/as a(general)rule(通常通常)as a matter of fact(事实上事实上)as soon as possible/as early as possible/as quickly as possibleFocus on Language:Important sentences as 作作连词连词的用法：的用法：1.引导时间状语从句。与引导时间状语从句。与while意义相近，强调两个动作同时发生；或意义相近，
16、强调两个动作同时发生；或某事一发生，另一事立刻发生。某事一发生，另一事立刻发生。eg:He shouted aloud as he ran along.I was startled as he opened the door.We get wiser as we get older.2.引导原因状语从句，与引导原因状语从句，与because的用法相近。的用法相近。As it was getting very late,we soon turned back.We must stop writing now,as I have rather a lot of work to do.Focus o
17、n Language:Important sentences as 作作连词连词的用法：的用法：3.引导方式状语从句，作引导方式状语从句，作“正如，好像，按照正如，好像，按照”解。主要的句式有解。主要的句式有as if/as though;just as/just as as.eg:When in Rome,do as Romans do.We do farm work as the old peasant teaches us.4.引导让步状语从句；作引导让步状语从句；作“虽然，尽管虽然，尽管”解。这时从句常用倒状语序，解。这时从句常用倒状语序，即把从句中的即把从句中的表语表语、状语状语或动
18、词原形放在或动词原形放在as之前。之前。eg:Child as she is,she knows a lot.Busy as he is,he insists on studying.Try as he might,Tom could not get out of the difficulties.Focus on Language:Important sentences 3.When remembering something new,try to connect it to our emotions.要记住新内容，试着把内容和情感建立联系。要记住新内容，试着把内容和情感建立联系。在含有状语
19、从句的复合句中在含有状语从句的复合句中 1.when,while,as,once,whenever引导的时间状语从句；引导的时间状语从句；2.if,unless引导的条件状语从句；引导的条件状语从句；3.though,although,even if,even though引导的让步状语从句；引导的让步状语从句；4.as though,as if,as引导的方式状语从句；引导的方式状语从句；5.wherever引导的地点状语从句。引导的地点状语从句。若从句的若从句的主语与主语与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句时，常省略从句的主语和的主语和be。Fo
20、cus on Language:Important sentences 1._(在北京的时候),I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.2._(当是个年轻人的时候),Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster.3.He has no money._(要是有的话),he will give us.4._(除非修理),the machine is of no use.5._(要是给更多的关注),the boy could have turned out better.6.A girl stood at the
21、 gate of the school as if _(正在跟老师讲话).When/While in BeijingWhen/As a young manIf anyUnless repairedIf given more attention to talking with a teacherFocus on Language:Important sentences1.Retelling events _(help)fix experiences in our memories.2.There _(be)some people who do have amazing memories.3.Th
22、ey _(be)both good at remembering particular things for a limited time.4.One of the golden rules to increase how much we remember _(be)to review the material periodically.Sentence BuilderCircle the subjects of the sentences in the sentence builder.Then use the correct form of the verbs to complete th
23、e sentences.Focus on Grammar:Subject-Verb Agreementhelpsareareis主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致，主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致，主语的主语的“人称人称”和和“数数”决定谓语动词的变化。决定谓语动词的变化。但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致意义一致就语法一致意义一致就近原则近原则Focus on Grammar:Subject-Verb Agreement1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词连
24、接两个或两个以上单数名词或者或者代词作主语代词作主语的的时候，谓时候，谓语语动词用复数。动词用复数。(1)He and I _ both students of this school.(2)Both rice and wheat grown in this part of China.(be)注意：由注意：由andand连接的连接的两个并列主语指同一个人或物两个并列主语指同一个人或物，谓语动词用，谓语动词用单数单数，这时后面的，这时后面的名词前没有名词前没有冠词。冠词。1)The worker and writer _ our school today.(visit)2)The worker
25、 and the writer _ to the meeting.(have come/has come)have comevisitsareare语法一致原则语法一致原则Focus on Grammar:Subject-Verb Agreement2.当主语后面跟有当主语后面跟有as well as,as much as,along with,with,together with,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including等等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。The
26、teacher with two students _(be)at the meeting.E-mail,as well as the telephones,_(play)an important part in daily communication.A library with five thousand books _(be)offered to the nation as a gift.Nobody but Jane _(know)the secret.isis playingisknows语法一致原则语法一致原则Focus on Grammar:Subject-Verb Agreem
27、ent3.3.当主语由当主语由不定式、动名词或疑问词不定式、动名词或疑问词引导的句子充当时，引导的句子充当时，谓语动词用谓语动词用单数单数。1)To hold the Olympic Games _(be)a rich prize for a country.2)Choosing what to eat _ no longer as easy as it once was.3)What we need _(be)more time and more materials.由由what,who,why,how,whether等引导的主语从句，谓语动词通等引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，常用单数
28、，(但所指的具体内容为复数意义，则可以用复数形式：但所指的具体内容为复数意义，则可以用复数形式：(What we need are teachers.)isisis语法一致原则语法一致原则Focus on Grammar:Subject-Verb Agreement1.Collective nouns（集体名词）（集体名词）由集体名词，如由集体名词，如group,family,class,government,team,enemy,crowd,company,audience等作主语等作主语时，如果时，如果看一个看一个整体整体，谓语动，谓语动词用词用单数单数形式，如果看成其中形式，如果看成其中
29、各成员，各成员，则用则用复数复数形式。形式。注意：集体名词为注意：集体名词为 people,police,谓语动词用复数谓语动词用复数eg:The police are searching for the thief.意义一致原则意义一致原则Focus on Grammar:Subject-Verb Agreement2.Indefinite pronouns（不定代词）（不定代词）不定代词不定代词everybody,everyone,everything,anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something,nobody,no one,noth
30、ing,each,the other 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。1.Nothing _(be)difficult in the world if you set your mind to it.2.Everything (be)ready.3.Someone _(want)to see you.isiswants 意义一致原则意义一致原则Focus on Grammar:Subject-Verb Agreement就近原则就近原则Focus on Grammar:Subject-Verb Agreement +VerbHere There+Verb A,B and
31、 C1.Not only you but also he _ wrong.(is/are)2.Neither you nor he _ right.(is/are)3.There _ two shops and a cinema beside the railway station.(is/are)4.Here _ a map and a handbook for you.(is/are)isisareis就近原则就近原则Focus on Grammar:Subject-Verb AgreementVIHomeworkHow will you learn actively in the future?Make a list and explain it.Compare and discuss your list with your group members.Homework
