1、Unit 5 EducationLesson 3 Understanding北师大版（2019）选择性必修二In this section,you are going to:read and talk about how to acquire knowledge and achieve understanding;read for deep understanding,summarise information and understand coherence in context;learn about some new words and phrases in context.1._ ad
2、j.显然的，明显的；易理解的2._ n.分析3._ n.等级4._ adj.皇家的；王室的5._ adj.效率低的6._ adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的7._ n.教会；教堂obviousanalysisrankroyal inefficient worthychurch8._ n.宇宙9._ adj.原始的10._ vt.赞成；赞许；批准11._ vt.强烈要求；敦促12._ n.监狱13._ vt.放弃；抛弃14._ n.假定，假设universeprimitiveapprove urge prisonabandonassumption15._ adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的16._ n.智慧1
3、7._ vt.有是由于；把归功于18._ n.阴影19._ adj.守旧的；传统的20._ n.王国21._ n.文明respectedwisdomoweshadowconventionalkingdomcivilisation22._ adj.极其重要的，必不可少的23._ adj.有利的，有帮助的24._ n.人类25._ 公元前26._ 首先；第一27._ 赞成，认可，承认vitalbeneficialmankindBCEto start withapprove of弗朗西斯培根（1561-1626）,英国哲学家，英国唯物主义和现代实验科学的始祖。历任律师、下院议员、掌玺大臣、大法官。提
4、出“知识就是力量”。对归纳法做了系统的论述，被认为是归纳逻辑的创始人。Who questions much,shall learn much,and remember much.Francis Bacon多问多问，多学多学，多得多得。弗兰西斯弗兰西斯培根培根伽利略伽利莱（1564-1642），意大利物理学家、天文学家，近代实验科学的奠基者之一。伽利略从实验中总结出自由落体定律，推翻了亚里士多德的很多学说。还发现了惯性定律和抛体运动规律等，确定了力学相对性原理，因此被认为是经典力学和实验物理学的先驱。他是利用望远镜观察天体取得大量成果的第一人。All truths are easy to und
5、erstand once they are discovered;the point is to discover them.Galileo Galilei所有的真理一旦被发现就很容易理解；关键是要发现它们。所有的真理一旦被发现就很容易理解；关键是要发现它们。伽利略伽利略伽利莱伽利莱亚里士多德（公元前374-322），古希腊哲学家，和柏拉图一同被认为是“西方哲学之父”。Aristotle is a Greek philosopher.He is the founder of the school of philosophy.He has been called the“Father of We
6、stern Philosophy”.1.Do you know some popular facts finally proved to be false?2.Do you completely believe what great scientists said?Which of the following may help you acquire knowledge more effectively?Discuss in pairs and give explanation.oto be interested in the topic oto ask questions oto discu
7、ss topics with friends oto be relaxed and happy oto have time to think about what you have learnt Read the text and find the main idea for each paragraph.Main ideaPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Some great men in history using this type of thinking were not supported,but punished.Why people didnt appr
8、ove of this type of thinking?A type of analysisWe should thank the great men of the past for their wisdom.Our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing.Read paragraph 1.According to the writer,how do we acquire knowledge and achieve understanding?Complete the flow chart
9、.To start with,we need _.questionsThen,to find answers,we _.observe the world around us and study the factsAfter that,we_ _.consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones Read paragraphs 2-3.Complete the sentences.1.Francis Bacon believed that the way to gain knowledge is _.But most
10、people in his days believed _.2.Galileo Galilei proved that _.But many people in his days _ _.3.Aristotles understanding of the universe was that _ _ because _.4.It is still often true today that _ _.thinkingmore in religionthe Earth was not the centre of the universe tended to ignore the facts and
11、didnt want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed the Earth must be the centre of the universeit felt like the Earth was standing still people dont want to abandon what theyve always thought as true Answer the questions.1.What position did Bacon hold during his days and what was his
12、true interest?Bacon held an important rank under King James(1566-1625)of England.His true interest was the worthy search for knowledge.2.At first people approved of Galileis studies,but later they got angry.Why?They didnt want to challenge what they had always thought was true.3.Why did people choos
13、e to believe views that were about 2,000 years old?Because they were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.4.Were great men in history always correct?Give examples.No.Galilei made mistakes.He believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle.But he was wrong.
14、5.According to the writer,will anyone be in the position to say“We know it all.”?Use examples to explain.None of us can say“We know it all”.Bacon and Galilei knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for.Find out what each pronoun refers to in the text.Example After that,we consider
15、possible answers and test each to find the right ones.(Para.1)ones=answers1.he was going against the views of the day.(Para.2)he=_2.This was certainly not the interest.(Para.2)This=_3.what they had always comfortably believed.(Para.2)they=_ _the search for knowledge Francis Bacon the church and most
16、 people 4.they grew angry and put him in prison(Para.3)they=_5.then it must be so.(Para.3)it=_6.He is now known as (Para.3)He=_ peopleassumptionGalileiUnderstanding Coherence in ContextThe repetition of key terms or phrases makes meaning coherent in a text.The use of synonyms and antonyms helps enha
17、nce coherence in a text.Linking words such as since,so,afterwards,then,although,but,however,etc.can help connect meanings in sentences.Pronouns such as he,she,it,they,etc.help carry meaning on into the next point in a text.Skill Builder Circle the linking words in the text that the writer used in or
18、der to express his/her opinion coherently.It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.To start with,we need questions.Then,to find answers,we observe the world around us and study the facts.After that,we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones.Although toda
19、y we are more used to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to give us an answer,modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the worlds problems with this type of analysisluckily for us.However,in the 17th century when Francis Bacon(1561-1626)suggested that th
20、is type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge,he was going against the views of the day.Although Bacon held an important rank in King James royal court of England,his true interest was not the day-to-day,slow and inefficient working style of the government,but the worthy search for knowledge.Thi
21、s was certainly not the interest of most people in his days.At that time,people believed more in the church than in facts,and people like Galileo Galilei(1564-1642),who proved the idea that“the Earth is not the centre of the universe”,were often punished by the church with no one coming to their def
22、ence.The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and didnt want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.In fact,when Galilei proved that the Earth was not the centre of the universe,instead of believing him,people chose to believe views that were almost 2,000 years old!It is
23、 not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle(384-322 BCE).He said that the Earth must be the centre of the universe because it felt like the Earth was standing still.Galilei disagreed.At first,people approved of h
24、is studies and urged him to continue,but later when he proved Aristotle wrong,they grew angry and put him in prison.They didnt want to abandon what theyd always thought as true.And this is still often true today.People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something i
25、s right,then it must be so.But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him,he was wrong at times.And Galilei also made mistakes.He is now known as the father of astronomy but he believed that the Earth moved round the sun in a perfect circle.He
26、 was wrong.Therefore,our understanding of the world around us is constantly growing and changing.In other words,we learn more every day and none of us can ever sit back and say,“We know it all.”We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom.They understood that we dont know everything a
27、nd probably never will,as this would mean a world with questions.We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei,who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that todays civilisati
28、on is built upon.These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for;more vital to a man,and more beneficial to mankind,some might say,than all the money in the world.Think and share1.What do you think the last sentence of the passage means?I think the last sentence of the text m
29、eans that knowledge and understanding are more important than money.They are more helpful and useful because they can guide our ways of learning about the world and help us solve problems all the time while money can just buy certain goods and solve problems for some time.We owe so much of our knowl
30、edge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei,who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that todays civilisation is built upon.These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for;mor
31、e vital to a man,and more beneficial to mankind,some might say,than all the money in the world.原文原文 2.What is the writers attitude towards the way to acquire knowledge?How did the writer make his/her opinion clear to the readers?Underline the expressions that show the writers attitude.The writers at
32、titude to acquiring knowledge is to keep asking questions and respect facts.We do not just accept answers from authority.The writer illustrated his/her points by using examples of Galilei and ideas from great thinker like Bacon.The expressions that show the writers attitudes are like:it seems obviou
33、s,luckily for us,however,it is not surprising,primitive ideas,it felt like,make the assumption,was wrong at times,sit back and say,a world with questions,owe so much.to,step out from the shadow,to find the kingdom of knowledge,more vital to,more beneficial to.The following sentences all contain fals
34、e information.Use the words and phrases below to correct them.inefficient approve of didnt want toabandon constantly growing and changing continue 1.In Bacons days,the working style of the government was very efficient._2.People were strongly against Galileis studies at first and then they urged him
35、 to give up._3.Our understanding of the world is stable._4.People in the past were willing to give up what they had always thought as true._In Bacons days,the working style of the government was very inefficient.People approved of Galileis studies at first and then they urged him to continue.Our und
36、erstanding of the world is constantly growing and changing.People in the past didnt want to abandon what they had always thought as true.Look at the Word Builder.Find the verbs or phrases from the text that can go together with the nouns given.And add more.Word Builderknowledgeacquiregainlearnaccumu
37、lateideaput forwardproveputforthcome upwithget Look at the Word Builder.Find the verbs or phrases from the text that can go together with the nouns given.And add more.Word Builderproblemsolvecomeacrossfactstudyignoreacceptneglectknow Look at the three critical thinking questions below.Prepare at lea
38、st two more questions you can ask about this passage.Then ask and answer the questions in groups.Why did the writer write this passage?How do I know what Im reading is true?What is the relationship between the ideas in the text?1.To start with,we need questions.首先，我们需要问题。首先，我们需要问题。to start with 首先；第
39、一首先；第一【例句】【例句】To start with,you need to read some reference books.首先，你需要读一些参考书。To start with,where and when did it happen?首先，这事发生在何时何地？To start with,the pressure on her was very heavy,but its eased off a bit now.一开始，她的压力很大，但现在已经好些了。Success was assured and,at least to start with,the system operated s
40、moothly.成功有保证了，至少该系统一开始运行得挺顺利。2.At first,people approved of his studies and urged him to continue,but later when he proved Aristotle wrong,they grew angry and put him in prison.起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是当他证实亚里士多德有错起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是当他证实亚里士多德有错时，他们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。时，他们生气了，并把他送进了监狱。approve of 赞成，认可，承认赞成
41、，认可，承认【例句】【例句】I strongly approve of your proposal.我十分赞同你的提议。The boss wouldnt approve of the plan.老板不会赞成这个计划。She doesnt approve of me leaving school this year.=She doesnt approve of my leaving school this year.她不同意我今年离校。Mary took it for granted that they would approve of the idea.玛丽想当然地认为他们一定会同意这个想法。
