1、UNIT 12 INNOVATION LESSON 1SCIENTIFICBREAKTHROUGHSActivity 1Activity 1ACTIVATE AND SHAREWhat do you think are the most important inventions What do you think are the most important inventions or discoveries of the 20or discoveries of the 20thth century?Can you name a century?Can you name a few inven
2、tors?What makes them great?few inventors?What makes them great?premier scientist pioneers of the 20th century to be committed to to be inspired by to be proposed by to improve the quality of human lifeFast ReadingFast readingFast readingThe purpose of this article is The purpose of this article is _
3、._.A.the introduction of Albert EinsteinB.the introduction of the process of scientific breakthroughC.the introduction of the major scientific discoveries in the 20th centuryD.the contributions scientists made to the world C CACTIVATE AND SHARERead the text about some of the pioneers in science duri
4、ng the 20th century.What Read the text about some of the pioneers in science during the 20th century.What discoveries are mentioned?Who made them?discoveries are mentioned?Who made them?If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century，you would have a real problem on your
5、 hands.In just 100 years，the world has changed completely.Amazing discoveries were made in medicine，communications and transport，not to mention our knowledge of the world and space.Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace dise
6、ased organs with donated ones.Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones，and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.We started flying around the world，launching satellites into orbit and，at the same time，scientists figured out how
7、to split the atom，previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery，it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.Here are some of them.One of the 20th centurys premier scientists was Albert Ein
8、stein.In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.Subsequently,“E=mc”was born.It showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy.Einstein then showed in his“theory of relativity”that not even time，mass
9、 or length are constantthey change according to our experience of them.In 1929，another important finding was made by biologist Alexander Fleming.Before he went on holiday，Fleming left a dish of bacteria in his laboratory.When he came back，he noticed something strange.He double-checked and saw a blue
10、 mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed.This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin，which Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria.A few years later，penicillin was being mass-produced and helping to save the lives of millions.Fleming remained humble abo
11、ut the amazing outcome of his discovery.“Nature made penicillin,”he said,I just found it.”During World War，when Flemings discovery was first helping to cure people，the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles.The navy turned to Eckert，an engineer，and Mauchly，a physici
12、st，to deal with the problem and produce a machine to do the job in a joint effort.Although they only finished after the war in 1946，it did not matter.This huge machine was the worlds first computer，but it was nothing like our computers today.It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed
13、 over 30，000 kilograms.With 18，000 tubes，thousands of circuits and 6，000 switches，it used so much energy that when it was turned on，the lights in the local town went out!With the development of computers，people expected to get more things done efficiently.During the Cold War，a“huge network”of comput
14、ers was proposed by two American scientists.With computers talking to one another，it would enable government leaders to communicate with each other.By the end of the 1960s，some mini-networks were established，but only a few computers could connect to them.In 1990，Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wi
15、de Web，which enabled computers all over the world to communicate with each other.Nowadays，life without the Internet for most people is unimaginable.These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to improving the quality of human life on Earth.Human life on this planet has been transformed int
16、o a“global village”，with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests.There is no doubt about it.Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would be a completely different place.1.E=mc1.E=mc2.pen
17、icillin2.penicillin3.the first computer3.the first computer4.the Internet4.the InternetTry to match the discoveries with how they were Try to match the discoveries with how they were discovered?discovered?a)scientists worked a)scientists worked together as a teamtogether as a teamb)there was a lucky
18、 b)there was a lucky accident accident c)different scientists c)different scientists worked on it for many worked on it for many yearsyearsd)a scientist was d)a scientist was inspiredinspiredGroup Work Find information about how the following things were Group Work Find information about how the fol
19、lowing things were invented/discovered.Organise the information in your own way.invented/discovered.Organise the information in your own way.Find information about Find information about how the how the following things were following things were invented/discovered.Organise the information in your
20、invented/discovered.Organise the information in your own way.Then describe the process in groups.own way.Then describe the process in groups.E=mcE=mcWho?How?Significance?penicillincomputerthe InternetWrite T Write T（truetrue），F F（falsefalse）or NI or NI（no informationno information）in brackets.in bra
21、ckets.（）1 It is not easy to choose the single most important discoveries of the 20th century.（）2An atom is the smallest particle of matter.（）3 Einstein was at work when he thought of the equation“E=mc2”.（）4 Einstein participated in the programme that developed the nuclear bomb.（）5 Einstein observed
22、changes in time，size and mass.TFFNIT()6 Fleming had been studying bacteria in his laboratory when the discovery happened.()7 Fleming developed the process of making penicillin.()8 The first computer project failed to meet its original goal.()9 The first computer was extremely difficult to programme.
23、()10 Computers could not connect to each other before 1990.FNITNIFGroup Work Think and share.Group Work Think and share.1Which discovery or invention mentioned in the text has been the most important so far?Why?2 Which discovery or invention will most influence the future?Why?3How did the writer con
24、nect the paragraphs?Circle the signal words or phrases.Line 12：Although.Here are some of them.Line 15：One of the 20th centurys premier scientists was.Line 24：.another important finding.Line 34：.when Fleming s discovery was.Line 49：With the development of computers.Line 57：These pioneers.Group Work E
25、ach member writes a short summary about one of the discoveries or Group Work Each member writes a short summary about one of the discoveries or inventions from the following aspects.Then share with other members.The whole inventions from the following aspects.Then share with other members.The whole
26、group works together to edit the summaries before putting them together to make group works together to edit the summaries before putting them together to make a poster.a poster.Complete the passage with the correct form of the words below.Complete the passage with the correct form of the words belo
27、w.orbit missile enable launch accuracy scientific microscope inventor biologist I really dont know what I want to do when I leave school.My dad is a computer engineer working on the improvement of the 1 of the Navys 2 .I would like to follow in his footsteps，but then Id have to sit in front of a com
28、puter all day.My mum is a 3 ，but it seems to me that all she does is looking at bacteria through a 4 .All that stuff about 5 findings that save peoples lives is pretty interesting，but I think I might be more interested in studying medicine.But then again，my uncle is a scientist and he is always talk
29、ing about 6_ satellites into 7.I find this very exciting.I know what I want to be!I couldbe an 8!I could come up with hundreds of inventions that will 9_ people to live better lives.But.I dont think theres a university course for inventors.Maybe I should just find out what I really like first.accura
30、cy missiles biologist microscope scientific launching orbit inventor enable Search online to find the major discoveries and Search online to find the major discoveries and inventions of the 21th century.Which do you inventions of the 21th century.Which do you think is the most important?Why?think is
31、 the most important?Why?EXPRESS YOURSELFEXPRESS YOURSELFLanguage pointsLanguage points核心词汇教材原句p.52 p.52 SCIENTIFIC SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS BREAKTHROUGHS 科学突破1 1 scientifiscientific c adj.科学（上）的a scientific scientific discovery科学发现 scientific scientific knowledge科学知识 The scientific scientific innova
32、tion is beneficial to the whole factory.科学创新对全厂都有益。词汇复现【词语积累】scientist n.科学家 science n.科学 scientifically adv.科学（上）地The scientists scientists have made great scientific scientific breakthroughs in the field of sciencescience.科学家们在科学领域取得了重大的科学突破。教材原句p.52 Amazing discoveries were made in medicinep.52 A
33、mazing discoveries were made in medicine，communications and transportcommunications and transport，not to mention our knowledge of the not to mention our knowledge of the world and space.world and space.医学、通信和交通方面都有惊人的发现，更别提我们对世界和太空的认识了。2 not to mention 2 not to mention 更不用说He knows French and German
34、He knows French and German，not to mention English.not to mention English.他熟悉法语和德语，更不用说英语了。He knows little about the techniqueHe knows little about the technique，not to mention making innovation not to mention making innovation in it.in it.他对这项技术知之甚少，更不用说对它创新了。词汇复现 We canWe cant afford a cart afford
35、a car，not to mention the fact that we have no garage.not to mention the fact that we have no garage.我们买不起汽车，更不用说我们没有车库的事实了。【词语积累】近义词组：let alone let alone The baby canThe baby cant even sit up yett even sit up yet，let alone walk.let alone walk.这个婴儿甚至都不会坐，更不用说走了。原句p.52 Medical advances ranged from dis
36、covering the causes of p.52 Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.organs with donated ones.医学上的进步范围很广，从利用显微镜揭示病因、施行手术，到用
37、捐赠的器官置换病变的器官。3 range from A to B 3 range from A to B 包括从A A 到B B 之间的各类事物She has had a number of different temporary jobsShe has had a number of different temporary jobs，ranging from chef to ranging from chef to swimming instructor.swimming instructor.她做过许多不同的临时性工作，从厨师到游泳教练。词汇复现 【归纳拓展】range between A
38、 and B range between A and B 在A A 和B B 之间变化 a range of a range of 一系列within/in rangewithin/in range（of sthof sth）在（）可及的范围内 out of range out of range（of of sthsth）超出（）范围The prices of the trousers here range between 30 yuan and 1The prices of the trousers here range between 30 yuan and 1，300 yuan.300
39、yuan.这里裤子的价格从 30 30 元到 1 300 1 300 元不等。The cat stayed well out of range of the children.The cat stayed well out of range of the children.这只猫离孩子们远远的。4 donate vi.&vt.4 donate vi.&vt.捐献（器官），献（血）；捐赠，捐献donate.to.donate.to.将捐赠给 搭配：donate blood donate blood 献血donate organs donate organs 捐献器官He donated a la
40、rge sum of money to help the orphans.He donated a large sum of money to help the orphans.他捐了一大笔钱来帮助那些孤儿。词汇复现 Every year we donate many books to the children in the remote Every year we donate many books to the children in the remote mountainous area.mountainous area.每年我们都捐赠很多书给偏远山区的孩子们。词汇复现 【词语积累】do
41、nation n.donation n.捐赠物；捐赠make a donation to make a donation to 向捐赠donor n.donor n.捐赠者近义词：contributecontribute（只能表示捐献财物，不表示献血或捐献器官）教材原句p.52.the way we correspond went from writing letters to p.52.the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.emailing and se
42、nding instant messages.我们的通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。5 correspond vi.5 correspond vi.通信；符合，一致，相对应；相当于correspond with sb correspond with sb 与某人通信搭配correspond to/with correspond to/with 与相符correspond to correspond to 相当于 Although he stays abroad alone Although he stays abroad alone，he frequently corresponds
43、 with his he frequently corresponds with his friends.friends.尽管他独自一人待在国外，但是他常和他的朋友们通信。词汇复现His actions do not correspond to/with his words.His actions do not correspond to/with his words.他言行不一致。The function of this machine corresponds to that of the human brain.The function of this machine correspond
44、s to that of the human brain.这种机器的作用就相当于人脑的作用。【词语积累】corresponding adj.corresponding adj.符合的；相应的；相关的6 instant 6 instant（1 1）adj.adj.立刻的，马上的；速食的，速溶的，方便的instant coffee instant coffee 速溶咖啡 instant noodles instant noodles 方便面I felt instant relief after taking a couple of tablets.I felt instant relief aft
45、er taking a couple of tablets.服用了几片药以后我立即感到轻松了。（2 2）n.n.C C瞬间，片刻；某一时刻 the instantthe instant（thatthat）一就（相当于as soon asas soon as）搭配for an instant for an instant 一瞬间（指动作持续的时间）in an instant in an instant 立即，马上（指动作不久将发生）I recognised her the instant I recognised her the instant（thatthat）I saw her.I saw
46、her.我一眼就认出她来了。He froze with shock for an instant.He froze with shock for an instant.刹那间他惊呆了。词汇复现 【词语积累】instantly adv.instantly adv.立即；马上；即刻She is gifted in picking up a tune instantly on the piano.She is gifted in picking up a tune instantly on the piano.她很有天赋，听到曲子就能马上用钢琴弹出来。词汇复现 He got into a panic
47、 instantly he saw smoke rising from his room.He got into a panic instantly he saw smoke rising from his room.他看到他的房间里冒出了烟，顿时惊慌起来。词汇复现 教材原句p.52 We started flying around the worldp.52 We started flying around the world，launching satellites launching satellites into orbit.into orbit.我们开始坐飞机周游世界，把人造卫星发射
48、至轨道 7 launch v.7 launch v.（1 1）发射；发动，发起，开始从事；使（船，尤指新船）下水launch a communications satellite launch a communications satellite 发射通信卫星 launch an investigation launch an investigation 开始调查launch an attack launch an attack 发起攻击 launch a national campaign against smoking launch a national campaign against
49、smoking 发起一场全国性的禁烟运动Another Chinese designed and built ship was recently launched.Another Chinese designed and built ship was recently launched.又一艘中国设计制造的船最近下水了。（2 2）（首次）上市，发行He took advantage of his sporting background to launch a new brand of He took advantage of his sporting background to launch
50、a new brand of sportswear.sportswear.他利用他的体育背景推出了一种新品牌的运动服。The company launched an investigation into the market demand and The company launched an investigation into the market demand and decided to launch their new product.decided to launch their new product.这家公司调查了市场需求，决定推出他们的新产品。教材原句p.52.scienti
