1、引述别人的话一般采用两种方式：一一.直接引语（直接引语（Direct Speech）原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；二.间接引语（间接引语（Indirect Speech）用自己的话加以转述，间接引语相当于一个宾语从句。一句式的变化一句式的变化 1.直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句 变为间接引语时，变成由that引导的宾语从句（that可以省略），同时人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语作相应变化。引述动词：say、tell等“Ill telephone him this evening,”she said to me.She told me that she would telephone h
2、im that evening.2.直接引语为疑问句直接引语为疑问句 变为间接引语时，必须用陈述句语气。引述动词：ask、wonder、want to know等 一般疑问句和反义疑问句一般疑问句和反义疑问句 需改为由if/whether引导的宾语从句 My teacher asked me,“Do you like American country music？”My teacher asked me if/whether I liked American country music.He asked me，“You are interested in computer studies，ar
3、ent you？”He asked me if/whether I was interested in computer studies.选择疑问句选择疑问句 须用whetheror I asked Sally，“Will you stay with me or go by yourself on a picnic？”I asked Sally whether she would stay with me or go by herself on a picnic.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 采用原疑问词作连接词来引导宾语从句“What are your parents and where do th
4、ey live？”the policeman asked me.The policeman asked me what my parents were and where they lived.3.直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句 将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式，作宾语补足语 tell/ask/order/beg/request sb.(not)to do sth.“Dont touch anything,”he said.He told us not to touch anything.表示建议的祈使句，需改成 “suggest/advise that(should).”结构 “Try aga
5、in and see what will happen,”the teacher said.The teacher advised/suggested that they(should)try again and see what will happen.4.直接引语为感叹句直接引语为感叹句变间接引语时可用what、how、that引导“What a lovely day it is!”they all shouted.They all shouted what a lovely day it was.They all shouted how lovely a day it was.They
6、all shouted that it was a lovely day.二人称的变化二人称的变化 直接引语中的人称代词转化为间接引语时变化原则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。They told Mary,“We will help you out of trouble.”They told Mary that they will help her out of trouble.Nancy told her parents,“Tom is a nice boy.He always help others.”Nancy told her parents that Tom was a nice
7、boy and he always helped others.Practice She said.My brother wants to go with me.He said to Kate.How is your sister now?Mr.Smith said:Jack is a good worker。三时态的变化三时态的变化1.时态变化的情况时态变化的情况主句为过去的某种时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态要发生变化Nina told me,“Lisa is studying abroad.”Nina told me that Lisa was studying abroad.Nell
8、 said,“I have worked out this problem.”Nell said(that)she had worked out that problem.直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时cancouldmaymightmustmust/had to2022-8-15Practice She said,“We hope so.”He said to me,“I met your father.”She said，I have los
9、t a pen.She said,“I will go to see his friend.”2.时态不变的情况时态不变的情况 直接引语是客观真理 “The earth moves around the sun”,the teacher told me.The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun.直接引语是过去进行时 Jack said,“John,where were you going when I met you in the street？”Jack asked John where he was going when he m
10、et him in the street.直接引语有确定的过去时间 Annie said,“The story took place in the 1930s.”Annie said that the story took place in the 1930s.引述的部分是反复出现的、习惯性的动作or说话时情况仍在继续并对此加以强调。The boy said to us,“I usually get up at six every day.”The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.The reporter said,“The wa
11、r is now still on.”The reporter said that the war is now still on.直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时（ought to/had better/used to）or已经是过去时的形式（could/should/would/might）She said,“We should help each other.”She said they should help each other.四指示代词的变化四指示代词的变化 五时间状语、地点状语、动词的变化五时间状语、地点状语、动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose
12、地点地点状语状语herethere动词动词comegobringtake时间时间状语状语直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语nowthentodaythat daythis morning/afternoon/eveningthat morningyesterdaythe day beforethe previous dayyesterday morning/afternoon/eveningthe morning beforetwo days ago/weeks/months/yearstwo days beforethe day before yesterdaytwo days beforet
13、he day after tomorrowtwo days laterlast night/week/month/yearthe night beforenext week/month/yearthe next weekthe following weektomorrowthe next daythe following day2022-8-15Practice1.I dont know the address of my new said Anne.2.She said,Our bus will arrive in five minutes.3.You have finished the h
14、omework,havent you?my mother asked.4.Do you go to school by bus or by bike?5.She asked me,When do they have their dinner?6.He said to the doctor,“I smoke two packs every day.”7.The teacher said,“Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.”8.The teacher said,“I was born in 1945.”9.She said to m
15、e,“You must hurry up.”10.Xiao Wang said.I was born on April 20,1980。11.Dont make any noise,she said to the children.12.Bring me a cup of tea,please,said she.13.He said,Lets go to the film.14.The students asked when they would goouting that autumn.15.“Why didnt you came to school yesterday?the teacher asked Wang Ying.16.The teacher said to the students,“We are going to have a meeting at three oclock.”17.Uncle Wang told me there was something wrong bike.18.He said that he wanted to visit the Great Wall and that his father would go with him then.
