1、 L20 Pioneer pilots 飞行员的先驱飞行员的先驱Summery writing of L19 Mrs.Ramsay received an anonymous letter three days after her cats disappearance.The writer of the letter demanded 1,000 for the return of the cat,and warned she would never see him again if she went to the police.She had to put the money in card
2、board box and leave it outside her door.After drawing 1,000 from her bank,she acted on the kidnappers instructions.The money disappeared the following morning,and her cat,Rastus,returned at seven oclock that evening.New words and expression 生词和短语生词和短语 pioneer n.先驱 vi.vt.开拓,为开路,作先驱者 young pioneer 少先队
3、员 the pioneer of the Womens Liberation Movement 妇女解放运动的先驱 a pioneer of operation 手术的开创者-eer:volunteer 志愿者;engineer工程师;mountaineer登山者;auctioneer 拍卖人；竞争者 profiteer暴利获得者，奸商;lord n.对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵lordship n.贵族权力,贵族身份lordly adj.adv.高傲的,贵族般地,有气派地 my lord 阁下（对某些贵族、法官及主教的尊称）the Lord 上帝 the House
4、of Lords 上议院；the House of Commons下议院 live like a lord过着贵族般的生活;lord of creation万物之灵；人类;treat sb.like a lord 阔绰地款待某人 Duke n.公爵(Duchess)Marquis n.(英国等的)侯爵(Marchioness)Count 伯爵（Countess)(Earl n.伯爵)Viscount n.(英国的)子爵Baron n.男爵(英国世袭的最低级的贵族爵位),大财主（女性为：Baroness）Calais n.加来（法国港市）overland adj.陆上的;横跨陆地的；an ove
5、rland route 陆上路线to travel overland（作）陆上旅行 overnight n.头天晚上 adj.通宵的,晚上的,前夜的 adv.在前一夜,整夜,昨晚一晚上an overnight trip一整夜的旅行 an overnight guest 过夜的客人 overpopulated adj.人口过密的,人口过剩的 overseas adv.海外 adj.外国的,海外的 oversea student 海外留学生 oversea Chinese 华侨 over+动词（over表示超过）overeat vt.使吃过量 vi.吃得过多oversleep vt.(使)睡过头
6、vi.睡过头,睡得太久overwork n.过度工作 v.(使)工作过度overcharge v.讨价过高,使过量装填,过度充电 n.超载,过重的负担,过度充电overestimate vt.评价过高 n.估计的过高 pilot n.飞行员,领航员,引水员 engine n.发动机,机车,火车头 Calais 加来（法国北部港市）latest adj.最后的,最迟的,最新的,最近的 n.最新消息,最新式样 last vi.持续,支持,维持 Dover n.多佛（英国东南部的港口）Text 课文课文 What was the name of the first plane to fly acro
7、ss the English Channel?Explanation In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of 1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.(1)offer sth.to sb.=offer sb.sth.offer a prize of for sth 因为提供奖励Eg.The police offered a reward for any information.offer ones hand to sb.(=shake hands with s
8、b.)offer identity card 出示身份证offer a price($300)for sth.(the horse)出价 award a prize 提供奖励 The school awarded Merry a prize for her good work.学校因为她工作好而奖励了梅丽.Explanation In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of 1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.(2)fly across 飞越 sail acro
9、ss 横渡 swim across 游过come across 通过 遇上 碰到 eg.I came across a group of children playing.我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。Wed like to identify(认同）and celebrate womens success whenever we come across it.每当女性取得成功，我们都会表示认同并予以颂扬。When sober(adj.头脑清醒的，没喝醉的)he can come across(给人印象)as an extremely pleasant and charming young man.
10、没喝醉的时候，他看上去似乎是个极为彬彬有礼、讨人喜欢的小伙子。Explanation Over a year passed before the first attempt was made.(1)“before”作为连词的用法：其基本含义是“在之前”，也可以根据语境的不同灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就”、“就”等等含义。1）与情态动词can/could 连用，这时从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语习惯译成“还没来得及就”，强调从句动作发生之前主句的动作已经发生。Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.Before she cold move,
11、she heard a loud noise,which grew to a terrible roar.2)用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间、距离长，或花费的精力多，译成“才”；We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.We waited a long time before the train arrived.3)用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间、距离短，或花费的精力少，译成“不到就”；We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.4)主句含有hardly、scarcely等
12、半否定词时，可以译成“刚就”，这时主句过去完成时，从句过去时，且可以用when 替代before;We had hardly/scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.5)有时before还有“宁愿”的意思；Id shoot myself before I apologized to him.6)用于 It be/take some time before+句子，这时要根据主句的时态分两种情况：(1)若主句为一般将来时，从句是一般现在时。主句是肯定句译成“要过很多时间才”；主句是否定句译成“用不了多久就”。It will be
13、many years before the situation improves;It wont be long before we meet again.(2)若主句是一般过去时，从句也是一般过去时。主句是肯定句译成“很长时间之后才”；主句是否定句译成“没过多久就”。It was some time before I realized the truth.It wasnt long before she became a brave soldier.After that it still took seven years before they got married.注：主句的谓语动词为延
14、续性动词时，before与until可以互换。It was an hour before/until the police arrived.7）和其他相似句型的区别：(1)it+be+时间段+since 从句It is two years since we arrived here.(2)it+be+时间段+when 从句：表示“某个动作发生时，是某个时间”（主句谓语动词可以是一般过去时，也可以是一般将来时）It was Dec.18th when I was born.8)before long 和 long before的区别：before long:“不久，很快”（before为prep
15、,long为n.)在句中常作状语，多与动词的过去时或将来时连用。The work will be finished before long.long before:“很久以前”（long 为 adv.)可以单独使用，这时before 为prep.;也可以接从句，这时为conj.,常与过去时或过去完成时连用，后接从句时也可用于一般现在时。She said that she had heard of it long before.It will be long before he arrives.“还要很久他才能到。”Exercises:1.it was evening we reached th
16、e little town of Winchester.A.that B.until C.sinceD.when2.Several weeks had gone by we realized the painting was missing.A.as B.beforeC.sinceD.when 3.The America Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.then4.It was some time we realized the truth.A.whenB.until C.s
17、inceD.before5.Why dont you tell him about the meeting?He rushed out of the classroom I could say a word.A.beforeB.until C.whenD.after6.How long do you think it will be China sends a manned spaceship to the moon.Perhaps two or three years.A.whenB.until C.that D.beforeDBBDAD(2)attempt 的用法：的用法：attempt
18、vt.企图，试图；努力，尝试；attempt sth.I did attempt the last question in the exam.He has attempted a difficult task.attempt to do sth.He attempted to lie.He attempted to leave but was stopped.attempt doing sth.(不如 to do常见）He attempted swimming across the river.attempted adj.（犯罪）未遂的attempted murder/rape(强奸）/rob
19、bery attempt.n.企图；尝试make an/no attempt to do He make no attempt to carry it out.I failed in my attempt to finish it in time.attempt at sth.He make an attempt at winning the first prize.My first attempt at English composition was poor.attempt on/upon sbs life 企图刺杀He made an attempt on the life of the
20、 President.Explanation On July 19th,1909,in the early morning,Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the Antoinette IV.(1)at dawn;at daybreak;at midnight;at the crack of dawn(2)take off Eg.Ladies and gentlemen,our plane is to take off soon.take years off sb.看上去年轻 Her slimming cour
21、se(减肥课)seems to take years off her.put years on sb.看上去年老 Her broken marriage put years on her.Explanation(3)off 离开动身 draw off 撤离（withdraw）lift off (火箭、飞船等)起飞，发射，升空 set off 出发 Nichols set off for his remote farmhouse.动身去他的偏远的农舍。kick off(在足球比赛中)开球 Liverpool kicked off an hour ago.fly off 飞出，飞跑，突然跑掉 Th
22、e arrow flew off and hit the bulls eye.箭离弦飞去,射中了那靶心。Explanation(4)take off(产品 活动 事业)腾飞 In 1944,he met Edith Piaf,and his career took off.1944年，他结识了伊迪思比阿夫，从此他的事业开始腾飞。(5)coast 海岸 Pacific coast 太平洋海岸 seashore,seaside 海滨 beach 海滩 沙滩 marine nature reserve 海洋自然保护区 Explanation He had travelled only seven m
23、iles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea.(1)when:这里可以换成before,译成“就”，且这里有“突然、忽然”之意。Eg.We were sitting in the garden when it began to rain.I had been working a couple of years there when I had a letter from him.I was about to leave the room when the telephone
24、 rang.Explanation(2)fail:失败,坏了,失灵 (broken,stop working)Eg.Words failed me when I met my long lost sister.fail to see 不明白不明白Eg.I fail to see why you find it so amusing.But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local hist
25、ory.但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成灾难性的影响。(3)be forced to do 被迫做某事 make a forced landing(航空)紧急降落force a smile 勉强一笑force sbs hand 不得不，被迫 eg.We didnt want to raise our prices,but the fall in the dollar forced our hand.我们不想抬高物价，但是美元下跌，我们不得不出此下策。Explanation The Antoinette floated on the water until Latham was
26、 picked up by a ship.(1)float 漂浮float on air 兴高采烈 float on cloud 兴高采烈float across the sky 飘过天空float down the river 顺流直下float around town 满城流传Eg.These plants float on the surface of the water.Birds fly very easily.They beat the air with their wings and climb up through the air.Then they spread their
27、wings and float on the air.The program will be on the air tonight.fluctuate v.价格波动fluctuate wildly 大幅波动 drift:(to move slowly on water or in the air)漂流，漂移The raft was drifting down the river.drifter 漂泊者 流浪汉Explanation(2)pick up 文中解释为营救 rescuepick up“收拾，收捡”Eg.If you fail now,who will pick up the piec
28、es?你现在要是失败了，谁来收拾残局？“(跌倒或被击倒后）使（自己）慢慢站起（或爬起）”Eg.Pick yourself up where you fall down.Anthony picked himself up and set off along the track.安东尼自己慢慢爬起来，又开始沿着跑道跑下去。pick up after sb.:(to tidy things that someone else has left untidy)跟在某人后面收拾Eg.Who wants to get married and spend their life time picking up
29、 after some man?Explanation“(通常指开车)接载，取走”Eg.We drove to the airport the next morning to pick up Susan.我们第二天早晨开车去机场接苏姗。“逮捕；拘捕”Eg.If someone is picked up by the police,they are arrested and taken to a police station.“（不费力地）获得，学会”Eg.The English settlers had become adept at(熟练于，擅长于）planting tobacco afte
30、r picking up the trade from their Powhatan allies（盟友）.来自英国的殖民者从他们的波瓦坦伙伴那里学到了种植烟草的手艺，并且已经擅长这一行了。Explanation得病，染上疾病 Theyve picked up a really nasty（严重的）infection（传染病）from something theyve eaten.他们因吃错东西而得了很严重的感染症。接收到信号或声音 We can pick up Italian television.我们能收看到意大利电视台的节目。重提，接过观点或话题 Can I just pick up t
31、hat gentlemans point?我能接着那位先生的意思往下说吗？Explanation贸易或经济改善或好转 Industrial production is beginning to pick up.工业生产开始好转。健康的好转 A good dose（剂量，一剂）of tonic（补药）will help you to pick up.一剂好的补品将有助于身体康复。指出错误 Dont pick me up on words.不要挑我的措词。Explanation Two days later,Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plan
32、e called No.11.with 要翻译成驾驶，而不能说“带着”With的复合结构（的复合结构（L6）Eg.Now he could walk only with someone supporting him.他现在只能靠别人搀扶着才能走了。She ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她跑得满头大汗。She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.Dont speak with your mouth open.He was thinking for a while with his eye shut.
33、Explanation Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model.A week before,he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered 26 miles.cover:覆盖；涉及；包含；掩护；行走了；看完cover a lot of ground 到了很多地方到了很多地方,涉及了很多内容涉及了很多内容Eg.The expedition covered a lot of ground.探险队到过很多地
34、方.Weve covered a lot of ground at this mornings meeting.在今天上午的会议中我们讨论了很多问题.“覆盖覆盖（面积面积）”Eg.China covers 9.6 million square kilometers.China covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.(to report the details of sth.for a newspaper,radio or television.)报道新闻 eg.cover the Winter Olympics(to pay money
35、 for)cover the bill 买单Eg.Here is$5,that should cover all the expenses.How many pages have you covered?Explanation Latham,however did not give up easily.He,too,arrived near Calais on the same day with a new Antoinette.give up 放弃Eg.He was willing to give up a long,normal life for a short,exciting life
36、 as a pilot.give away Dont give away the secret.这项机密不可泄露。We have six copies of the book to give away.这本书我们要赠送6本出去。give out There were people at the entrance giving out leaflets.有人在入口处散发传单。Explanation Latham,however did not give up easily.He,too,arrived near Calais on the same day with a new Antoinet
37、te.He wouldnt give out any information.公开 他不愿透露任何消息。All machines give out eventually.最终，所有的机器都停止了运转。He gave out a scream of pain.他疼得大叫了一声。give off 发出 The flowers give off a heady scent at night.这些花晚上散发出醉人的芳香。heady 酒等易使人醉的 scent 香味give in 屈服，投降Explanation It looked as if there would be an exciting ra
38、ce across the Channel.看来会有一场激烈的飞越英吉利海峡的竞争。as if=as though“好像，似乎好像，似乎”，进行非事实的比喻或夸张，进行非事实的比喻或夸张时，引导的从句常时，引导的从句常运用虚拟语气。运用虚拟语气。Eg.He works very hard as if he never intended to sleep a wink(眨眼睛）（合眼）Those flowers looked as if they were asleep in the hot sun.He talks as if he were a hero.但是当但是当as if/though
39、 引导的从句表示一种实现可能性较大，引导的从句表示一种实现可能性较大，或说话人认为接近事实时，可采用陈述语气。或说话人认为接近事实时，可采用陈述语气。Eg.It looks as if the little twins are going to have another fight with each other.原句可改写为：原句可改写为：It seemed/appeared to be an exciting race It promised to be an exciting race句型：句型：It appears to be /it appears that 看看起来似乎、好像起来似
40、乎、好像Eg.It appears to be only a matter of time before they were caught.It appears to be genuine,but I have my suspicions about it.It appears that Tom might change his mind.promise v.有有的可能，有发生的可能，有发生的迹象（习惯的迹象（习惯表达一个好的征兆；凶兆常用表达一个好的征兆；凶兆常用threaten)Eg.It promises to be a fine day.(=The clear sky promises
41、 fine weather.)Autumn crops promised to be equally good.The dark clouds threaten a storm.It threatens to snow immediately.It threatened to surround him completely,but Tazieff managed to escape just in time.There is a sign of sth.that 有迹象表明有迹象表明 Eg.There is no sign the recession has bottomed out yet.
42、没有迹象表明萧条已经到了极点。There is some evidence of sth.that 有证据有证据、迹象表明、迹象表明 Eg.There is some evidence of life on other planets.There is some evidence that a small amount of alcohol is good for you.Explanation Both planes were going to take off on July 25th,but Latham failed to get up early enough.get out出门 G
43、et out and enjoy yourself,make new friends.出去走走，好好玩玩，交些新朋友。逃离，被迫离开逃离，被迫离开 They probably wanted to get out of the country.他们或许想逃离这个国家。I told him to leave and get out.我叫他滚开。Explanation退出组织，撤销承诺退出组织，撤销承诺 I wanted to get out of the group,but they wouldnt let me.我想退出这个团体，但是他们不同意。Getting out of the contra
44、ct would be no problem.撤销这个合同不会有任何问题。消息泄露为人所知消息泄露为人所知 If word got out now,a scandal could be disastrous.如果消息现在传出去，可能会是灾难性的丑闻。Explanationget off 下车下车;免受惩罚免受惩罚;出发离开出发离开 He is likely to get off with a small fine.他可能会逃脱严惩，仅仅罚一点钱了事。At eight I said Im getting off now.8点钟的时候，我说“我现在要出发了。”The aircraft hadnt
45、enough power to get off the ground.那架飞机的动力不够，无法起飞。离离.远点，别碰远点，别碰 I told you.Get off the farm.我告诉过你，离农场远点。Get off me!I screamed.“别碰我！”我尖叫道。入睡入睡 He couldnt get off to sleep.他不能入睡。Explanationget over 恢复过来恢复过来 It took me a very long time to get over the shock of her death.得知她去世的消息我惊愕不已，很长时间才缓过劲来。战胜困难，问题战
46、胜困难，问题 How would they get over that problem,he wondered?他们会怎么解决那个问题？他寻思着。讲清楚，使明白讲清楚，使明白 We have got to get the message over to the young that smoking isnt cool.我们要让年轻人认识到抽烟并不是什么很酷的事情。Explanation After making a short test flight at 4.15 a.m.,Bleriot set off half an hour later.make a(short)test flight
47、 试飞试飞take an IQ test 接受智力测试(IQ:intelligence quotient(份额；商）;EQ:Emotional Quotient)a nuclear test 核试验test drive 试车test pilot 试飞员test match 国际锦标赛Explanation His great flight lasted 37 minutes.When he landed near Dover,the first person to greet him was a local policeman.greet 欢迎，迎接；回应欢迎，迎接；回应The child i
48、s shy and doesnt like to greet people.这孩子腼腆，不爱叫人。She rose to greet her guests.她起身迎接客人。It is unlikely that this suggestion will be greeted enthusiastically in the Baltic States.该提议不大可能在波罗的海诸国得到热烈响应。Explanationbe greeted by(L11)映入眼帘；最先被感觉到I was greeted by a shocking sight.一幅令人震惊的画面映入我的眼帘。I woke up and
49、 greeted by bird song.我一觉醒来，鸟鸣之声不绝于耳。His speech was greeted by a roar of applause.他的讲话引来了雷鸣般的掌声。Explanation His great flight lasted 37 minutes.When he landed near Dover,the first person to greet him was a local policeman.local policeman 当地警察local time 当地时间local custom 当地习俗local government 当地政府local news 当地新闻local color 当地特色local anesthesia（n.麻醉）局部麻醉Explanation Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover,but he was unlucky again.His engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time.within:no more thanwithin a mile of the town
