1、IFR Low Altitude En Route Chart“L-Charts”nEffective dates,and Scale are printed on map.nThe en route charts are revised every 56 days.Chart ScalenEffective dates,and Scale are printed on map.nThe en route charts are revised every 56 days.Chart Location PanelCompass Rose oriented to magnetic NorthVHF
2、/UHF in Black LF/MF in BrownVOR VORTACVOR/DMETACANLow/Medium frequency NDBUltra High Frequency NDBNDB/DMECompass Locator BeaconFlight Service Station/(RCO)Localizer Symbol,if X-hatch left,backcourseL-28,Panel ELow/Medium frequency NDBLocalizer used for an en-route navigation fixCompass Locator Beaco
3、n(LOM)VOR VORTACNACO8 nm width EXCEPT.widens to 4.5 degrees when airway segment is more than 102 NM(more than 51 NM to nearest VOR)V287-495-500 Confluence of airwaysV520(even)oriented east/westVictor Airway V23V165(odd)oriented north/southnCompulsory Reporting Points are reporting points which must
4、be reported to ATC.Designated on charts by solid triangles or filed in a flight plan as fixes selected to define direct routes.These points are defined as geographical locations which are defined by navigation aids/fixes.L-1,Panel DCompulsory reporting pointNon-compulsory reporting pointHolding Patt
5、ernNavAid radials and bearingsTotal Mileagein boxLeg Mileage(not in box)DME Fixopen arrowComputer Nav Fix/mileage break indicates a change in courseDME MileageOverall Mileage(Military)Direction of flight(Canada only)VOR Changeover point-COPDME distance from NavAid to fixCOPTotal MileageLeg MileageL-
6、28,Panels E,FMEAL-28,Panel FMinimum Enroute Altitude(MEA)MOCAOROCAMinimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude(MOCA)Maximum Authorized Altitude-MAAnAt higher altitudes it might be possible to receive two or more VORs simultaneously on the same frequency,making the signals unreliable for navigation.The MAA
7、 is the highest altitude that can be flown that guarantees that only one signal at a time will be received on a given frequency.MAAMinimum Reception AltitudeMRAoff-airwayL-28,Panel GMRANormally begin climb to new MEA at fix.-Sufficient with normal IFR climb gradient(changes with altitude)-In some pl
8、aces there is a need for MCA due to fast rising terrain or obstructions in the direction of travelL-1,Panel BMCAThree situations to change VOR frequencies:1)at changeover point(COP)2)where a course change occurs(mileage breakpoint)3)midpoint of airway leg Navigation reception limits may cause COP to
9、 be located other than midpointShows distance in nm to each VORNote T bar across airway to denote change in MEA NAVAID Communication Box-Underlined frequency No VoiceFrequency protection indicator Identifies it as a TVORTACAN channels not underlinedOverprint check NOTAMsTWEBAutomated weather codes i
10、.e.A,H,T in communications boxStar indicates part-time or on requestPaired DME channel and LF navaidWaypoint symbolL-28,Panel FCRRIS WaypointShadow Boxes on communication NAVAIDs indicate a Flight Service Station.Frequencies 122.2,255.4 and emergency freq.121.5 and 243.0 are normally available and a
11、re not shown.Certain FSSs provide Local Airport Advisory on 123.6.“R”Means the FSS Receives on that freq.,pilot listens on NAVAID frequencyFSSs not associated with a NAVAID have no internal info except name and idFSS Frequencies above boxControlling FSS name below communication box.Airport official
12、name and three letter identifierAutomatic Terminal Information Service-ATIS-If Asterisk preceding frequency less than continuous operationChart Panel identification letterTower FrequenciesBWI Approach Control frequenciesGround Control frequencyClearance Delivery frequencyDeparture Control frequencie
13、sDesignated sector operationsDesignated sector operationsClass C airspace with continuous operationClearance Delivery frequencyDeparture Control frequenciesRichmond Intl Approach Control frequencyAsterisk preceding frequency less than continuous operationName and identifier of an FSS not associated
14、with a NAVAID Identified on chart by a heavy shadowControlling FSS nameControlling FSS nameL-28,Panel E A Ground Communication Outlet(GCO)is an unstaffed,remotely controlled,ground communications facility.Pilots at uncontrolled airports may contact ATC and FSS via VHF radio to a telephone connection
15、 to obtain an instrument clearance or close a VFR or IFR flight plan.They may also get an updated weather briefing.Pilots will use four“key clicks”on the VHF radio to contact the appropriate ATC facility or six“key clicks”to contact the FSS.The A/FD reference:(GCO)indicates that a ground communicati
16、on outlet is available.Ground Communications Outlet(GCO)Remote Communications Outlet(RCO)is an unmanned air/ground communications facility,remotely controlled and providing UHF or VHF communications capability to extend the service range of an FSS.These frequencies provide direct radio communication
17、 with the associated FSS,(not ATC),rather than making an automated telephone connection as is the case with the GCO.The A/FD reference:(RCO)indicates that a remote communication outlet is available.Remote Communications Outlet(RCO)L-28,Panel EMilitaryDouble CircleCivilian with no military charts pub
18、lishedCivilian,but with military“FLIP Charts”publishedCivilian with no instrument approach proceduresVOR Airways are designated as Victor AirwaysLF/MF routes are brown and are identified by name and numberUncontrolled Airways are noted by dashed linesOceanic Routes are identified by letters in boxes
19、Unusable routes are over-written by a zig-zagAlternate,or Substitute routes are seen as a series of circlesOverprint Check NotamsUnusable RouteAlternate RouteL-28,Panel FHIWASWilliamsport FSSDME DistanceNon-Compulsory reporting pointL-28,Panel FRestricted Area R-4001AMilitary Operations AreaL-28,Pan
20、el EARTCC BoundaryARTCC FrequenciesADIZIn Addition To The Terminal Radar Found At Class B And C Airports,There Are 20 Air Route Traffic Control Centers(ARTCC,Or Just“Centers”For Short)ARTCCARTCC Remoted Sites with discrete VHF and UHF frequenciesAir Route Traffic Control Center(ARTCC)BoundaryAir Defense Identification Zone(ADIZ)Off-Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude(OROCA)L-27,Panels B,CMilitary RouteClass B AirspaceClass B Airspace BoundaryInternational BoundaryOfficial Time ZoneA2-Area Chart Cities-A1Example of the St.Louis Area Chart
