1、三三.V-ing作表语作表语We are learning English.The story is interesting.My job is teaching English.动名词作表语动名词作表语现在分词作表语现在分词作表语动词进行时动词进行时=Teaching English is my job.动名词作表语用来说明主语的内容，与主语是同一个概念，表语和主语的位置可互换。表语和主语的位置可互换。His hobby is painting.The news is inspiring.区别动名词与现在分词：区别动名词与现在分词：动名词动名词作表语用来说明主语的具体内容。作表语用来说明主语
2、的具体内容。现在分词现在分词作表语是用来表示主语所具有的作表语是用来表示主语所具有的特征，有的已变成了形容词，主语和表语的特征，有的已变成了形容词，主语和表语的位置不能互换。位置不能互换。翻译下列句子：翻译下列句子：我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Our job is _.2.他们演奏的音乐史如此的令人兴奋。他们演奏的音乐史如此的令人兴奋。The music they are playing is _.playing all kinds of musicso exciting四四 V-ing作定语作定语现在分词现在分词现在分词作定语，被修饰的词与现在分词作定语，被修饰的词与V-ing之间有一之间有
3、一种逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。种逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。当现在分词当现在分词单独单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前前；如果是现在分词如果是现在分词短语短语作定语，则放在所修饰的名作定语，则放在所修饰的名词词后后。The tower _ the warring states is well worth visiting.dated from B.dated back fromC.dating from D.to date fromThe flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visit
4、ors to the beauty of nature.to smell B.smellingC.smelt D.to be smelt(1)a walking man(2)a walking stick=a man who is walking=a stick for walkingV-ing作定语时，现在分词与动名词区别：作定语时，现在分词与动名词区别：a waiting rooma waiting man=a room for waiting=a man who is waiting现在分词现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰的词之间有有作定语时，它和被修饰的词之间有有种逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于
5、一个定语从句种逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句而而动名词动名词作定语时，与被修饰的词之间作定语时，与被修饰的词之间没有这种关系，它仅仅表示一种用途，没有这种关系，它仅仅表示一种用途，“作作用用”相当于一个相当于一个for引导的介词短引导的介词短语语Translate the following phrases.a reading rooma washing machinean exciting eveningan interesting crosstalk阅览室阅览室洗衣机洗衣机激动人心的夜晚激动人心的夜晚有趣的相声有趣的相声1.What _ bears they are!(charm)2
6、.What a/an _ idea the ad has.3.The bears _ are content with their life.4.The bears _ make cocacola more popular.Describe the bears with V-ing used as attributecharmingenjoying cocacoladrinking cocacolaskiing on the icesurprising/inspiring五五 V-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语V-ing形式作宾补时，它与宾语构成逻辑上的主谓形式作宾补时，它与宾语构成逻
7、辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。S+V+O+CI heard the girl singing in the classroom.We have the fire burning all day.I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动
8、作，正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。强调一个过程或一种状态。1.能跟能跟-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见形式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：动词有：“五让、三看、两听、五让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一一注意、一发现、一感觉感觉”。简单又好记！。简单又好记！make,let,have,keep,leave,look at,see,watch,hear,listen to,notice,find,feel 等。等。怎么记怎么记？He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.put
9、B.to be puttingC.to put D.putting1.I saw them _(force)the door open with a hammer.2.We heard them _(quarrel)about money after the concert;they looked very angry.3.I heard him _(drop)lots of coins into the collecting tin.forcingquarrelingdroppingPractice:2.有些动词词组，如：有些动词词组，如：regard,describe,accept,thi
10、nk of,look on等等之后可由之后可由as引出引出V-ing形式作宾补。形式作宾补。分词作状语分词作状语,表示动作发生的表示动作发生的条件、原因、结条件、原因、结果、让步、时间、方式或伴随果、让步、时间、方式或伴随等，通常相当等，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。于一个状语从句或并列分句。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。主语。六六 分词作状语分词作状语作状语时，选择现在分词还是过去分词，作状语时，选择现在分词还是过去分词，如分词的动作是主句的主语如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。发出，就选用现在分词，反之就
11、用过去分词。If you use your head,youll find a good way.Using your head,youll find a good way.If I am invited,Ill go to your party.Invited,Ill go to your party.条件状语条件状语作条件状语一般放在句首作条件状语一般放在句首作条件状语一般放在句首作条件状语一般放在句首原因状语原因状语作原因状语一般放在句首作原因状语一般放在句首作原因状语一般放在句首作原因状语一般放在句首Because he was poor,he couldnt afford a TV
12、set.Being poor,he couldnt afford a TV set.Because he was satisfied with his job,hehad a big smile on his face.Satisfied with his job,he had a big smile onhis face.让步状语让步状语作让步状语一般放在句首作让步状语一般放在句首作让步状语一般放在句首作让步状语一般放在句首Though he studied hard,he didnt pass the exam.Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.Th
13、ough he was born in a poor family,he was optimistic.Born in a poor family,he was optimistic.时间状语时间状语作时间状语一般放在句首作时间状语一般放在句首作时间状语一般放在句首作时间状语一般放在句首While I was walking in the street,Isaw a tailors shop.Walking in the street,I saw a tailors shop.When she was surrounded by a mad dog,she was very frightene
14、d and screamed.Surrounded by a mad dog,she was veryfrightened and screamed.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。_ the book,I find it useful.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。_ for a long time,the book looks old.UsedUsing 从上面看从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。体育场好像一个鸟巢。_ from the top,the stadium looks like a bird nest
15、.A.Seeing B.Seen从太空看从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。宇航员看不到长城。_ from the space,the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.A.Seeing B.SeenFour people entered the room and looked around in a curious way.Four people entered the room,looking The teacher came into the classroom andwas followed by some students.The teach
16、er came into the classroom,followed by some students.并列句并列句作伴随状语多放于句末作伴随状语多放于句末He came running back to tell me the news.His father died,and this left the family even worse off.His father died,leaving the family even worse off.方式状语或结果状语方式状语或结果状语作方式状语或结果多放于句作方式状语或结果多放于句末末Four people entered the room a
17、nd looked around in a curious way.Four people entered the room,looking The teacher came into the classroom andwas followed by some students.The teacher came into the classroom,followed by some students.并列句并列句作伴随状语多放于句末作伴随状语多放于句末分词作状语时的时态和语态：分词作状语时的时态和语态：1）分词的时态：）分词的时态：2）分词的语态）分词的语态一般式一般式:doing done完
18、成式完成式:having done having been done1）一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生。一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生。1.Hearing the news,he jumped with joy.2.Surrounded by the students,the teacher was answering questions one by one.2）完成时表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。完成时表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。_ a reply,he decided to write again.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having recei
19、ved D.Having not received 可理解为：可理解为：Because he had not received a reply,A.he decided to write again.1.As he had finished his homework,he went out.=Having finished his homework,he went out.2.Because she had not got a reply,she decided to write to him again.=Not having got a reply,she decided to write
20、 to him again.完成被动式：完成被动式：having been done表示动作发生在谓语动词之前且含被动意义表示动作发生在谓语动词之前且含被动意义(现代英语中往往用过去分词现代英语中往往用过去分词done替代替代)Having been praised for his job,Tom worked harder.=Praised for his job,Tom worked harder.一、有些惯用的一、有些惯用的v-ing形式不表示句子主语的形式不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度、观点等。可当动作，而是表示说话人的态度、观点等。可当作一个插入语作一个插入语genera
21、lly speaking 一般说来一般说来strictly speaking 严格说来严格说来frankly speaking 坦白地说坦白地说judging from/by 根据根据来判断来判断considering 考虑到考虑到supposing 假如，如果假如，如果几点注意几点注意1.Generally speaking,boys are more interested in science than girls.一般说，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。一般说，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。2.Judging from his accent,he must come from Canada.从他的
22、口音看，他一定来自加拿大。从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大。3.Considering his age,he did it quite well.考虑到他的年龄，他做得很好了。考虑到他的年龄，他做得很好了。4.Supposing it rains，what will you do？假使下雨，你会怎么办呢？假使下雨，你会怎么办呢？二、分词作状语时，可以根据需要在其前加上二、分词作状语时，可以根据需要在其前加上when,while,before,after,until,once,though,although,unless,as if,even if,as long as等等 Once losing
23、 this chance,you cant easily find it.2.If allowed to read in the reading room,you should keep quiet.3.When leaving the station,he waved again and again to me.三、三、当表示分词的动作一发生，主句的动作当表示分词的动作一发生，主句的动作随之也发生时，可以使用随之也发生时，可以使用“on动名词动名词”的结构，翻的结构，翻译成译成“一一就就”,能够用于这种用法的动词都是能够用于这种用法的动词都是瞬间动词；如瞬间动词；如look,hear,see
24、,open,close等。等。Hearing the news,they couldnt help jumping.=On hearing the news,they couldnt help jumping._ _ the case,I saw the bird fly out of it.一打开这个盒子，我看到有只鸟飞出来。一打开这个盒子，我看到有只鸟飞出来。On opening Revision:_ is believing.眼见为实。眼见为实。In the summer we enjoy _(坐坐)under the big tree.Her job is _(照顾照顾婴儿）。婴儿）。
25、The story is _(有趣的有趣的)。How can you keep her _(等待等待)in the rain.The man _(站在那里）站在那里）is my father.Finish the sentences.Seeingsittingtaking care of the babies interestingwaitingstanding over there主语主语宾语宾语表语（动名词）表语（动名词）表语表语（现在分词）（现在分词）宾语补足语宾语补足语定语定语句型转换：句型转换：When he heard the news,he jumped with joy._ t
26、he news,he jumped with joy.2.As she was ill,she went home._ ill,she went home.3.The girl came in and she smiled.The girl came in _.She sat at the desk and read a newspaper.1.She sat at the desk _ a newspaper.HearingBeingsmilingreading表伴随状况表伴随状况时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语方式状语方式状语Tell the differences:1.She keep
27、the man waiting in the rain.2.I will give the present to the student getting the first place.3.Being ill,she went home.Questions:1.现在分词分别作什么成分？现在分词分别作什么成分？2.现在分词的逻辑主语分别是什么？现在分词的逻辑主语分别是什么？宾补宾补定语定语状语状语 宾补的逻辑主语是宾语；定语的逻辑主语是它所修饰宾补的逻辑主语是宾语；定语的逻辑主语是它所修饰的名词或代词；的名词或代词；V-ing形式作状语时形式作状语时,它的逻辑主语必须它的逻辑主语必须与与主句的主
28、语主句的主语一致。一致。Grammar work 语法专练语法专练用所给动词的适当形式填空。用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Not _(know)his address,I couldnt go to see him yesterday.2.Look out(小心）小心）for cars when _(cross)the street.3.Not _(invite)to the party,Mary was greatly hurt.knowingcrossinghaving been invited4.He dived into the water,_(leave)only his face
29、exposed(暴露）暴露）.5.When I got back home I saw a message pinned(别在）别在）to the door,_(read写着写着)“Sorry to miss you;I will call later.”6._(take)a deep breath,they dived into the water.7._(close)the windows and the door,the students left the room.leavingreadingTakingHaving closed Grammar quiz 语法小测语法小测 1.Whe
30、n _ different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.A.compared B.being compared C.comparing D.having comparedC2.Whenever he was asked why he was late for class,he would answer carelessly,always _ the same thing.A.saying B.said C.to say D.having sa
31、id A 1.Having not seen the film,I cant tell you what I think of it.2.The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.3.Seen from the top of the hill,we find the city more beautiful.Not havingworkingSeeing单句改错单句改错4.“Cant you read?”the man said,angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.5.Generally spe
32、ak,facial expressions are helpful communications,too.6.European football is played in 80 countries,made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingmakingspeaking 1._the piano,someone suddenly knocked at the door.A.Playing B.When I was playing C.Repairing D.ExaminingChoose the best answer.2.Mothe
33、r caught the boy _ in the corner.A.smoke B.to smoke C.being smoked D.smoking 3._ the programme,they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed4.“We cant go out in this weather”,said Bob,_ out of the window.A.looking B.to look
34、 C.looked D.having looked 5._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered6.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school,most _ were from Germany.（2006年年 辽宁卷）辽宁卷）A.study;of whom B.study;of themC.studying;of them D.studying;of whom7.Dont sit there _ nothing.Come and help me with this table.（2006年年 湖北卷）湖北卷）A.do B.to do C.doing D.and doing8.Can I smoke here?Sorry.We dont allow _ here.(2007年年 江苏卷）江苏卷）A.people smoking B.people smoke C.to smoke D.smoking2020/11/549谢谢观赏！
