1、预防接种知识讲座预防接种知识讲座This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 m
2、icrocontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.一、为什么要预防接种二、疫苗分类三、疫苗的选择及接种程序四、预防接种前的注意事项五、预防接种后的注意事项六、那些儿童不宜进行预防接种七、预防接种后的不适反应及处理八、常见问题This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single
3、 bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.为什么要接种疫苗为什么要接种疫苗接种疫苗是预防、控制乃至消灭传染病最为有效、经济而方便的措施之一 儿童进托儿所、幼儿园和将来上学、出国均需提供预防接种证明 This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent t
4、emperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.疫苗分类疫苗分类This paper mainly int
5、roduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperatur
6、e sensor.疫苗的选择疫苗的选择计划内疫苗(一类疫苗)是国家规定纳入计划免疫，属于免费疫苗，是从宝宝出生后必须进行接种的。预防接种计划免疫包括两个程序:一个是全程足量的基础免疫，即在1周岁内完成的初次接种;二是以后的加强免疫，即根据疫苗的免疫持久性及人群的免疫水平和疾病流行情况适时地进行复种。这样才能巩固免疫效果，达到预防疾病的目的。7种计划内疫苗(一类疫苗):即卡介苗、乙肝疫苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破三联疫苗、麻疹疫苗、乙脑疫苗、流脑疫苗。知道吗?这7种疫苗可分别预防9种疾病(包括结核病、乙型病毒性肝炎、脊髓灰质炎(小儿麻痹)、百日咳、白喉、破伤风、麻疹、流行性乙型脑炎、流行性脑脊髓膜
7、炎)。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontrolle
8、r and DS18B20 temperature sensor.疫 苗接 种 对 象月（年）龄接种剂次接 种 部 位接种途径接 种 剂 量/剂次备 注乙肝疫苗0、1、6月龄3上臂三角肌肌内注射酵母苗5g/0.5ml，CHO苗10g/1ml、20g/1ml出生后24小时内接种第1剂次，第1、2剂次间隔28天卡介苗出生时1上臂三角肌中部略下处皮内注射0.1ml脊灰疫苗2、3、4月龄4周岁4口服1粒第1、2剂次，第2、3剂次间隔均28天百白破疫苗3、4、5月龄1824月龄4上臂外侧三角肌肌内注射0.5ml第1、2剂次，第2、3剂次间隔均28天白破疫苗6周岁1上臂三角肌肌内注射0.5ml麻风疫苗（麻
9、疹疫苗）8月龄1上臂外侧三角肌下缘附着处皮下注射0.5ml扩大免疫规划儿童免疫程序1This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components o
10、f the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.麻腮风疫苗（麻腮疫苗、麻疹疫苗）1824月龄1上臂外侧三角肌下缘附着处皮下注射0.5ml乙脑减毒活疫苗8月龄,2周岁2上臂外侧三角肌下缘附着处皮下注射0.5mlA群流脑疫苗618月龄2上臂外侧三角肌附着处皮下注射30g/0.5ml第1、2剂次间隔3个月A+C流脑疫苗3周岁,6周岁2上臂外侧三角肌附着处皮下注射100g/0.5ml2剂次间隔3年；第1剂次与A群流脑疫苗第2剂次间隔12个月甲肝减毒活疫苗18月龄1上臂外侧三角肌附着处皮下注射 1ml乙脑灭活
11、疫苗8月龄（2剂次），2周岁,6周岁4上臂外侧三角肌下缘附着处皮下注射0.5ml第1、2剂次间隔710天甲肝灭活疫苗18月龄,2430月龄2上臂三角肌附着处肌内注射0.5ml2剂次间隔6个月扩大免疫规划儿童免疫程序2This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature
12、sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.计划外疫苗(二类疫苗)是自费疫苗。可以根据宝宝自身情况、各地区不同状况及家长经济状况而定。如果选择注射二类疫苗应在不影响一类疫苗情况下进行选择性注射。要注意接种过活疫苗(麻疹疫苗、乙脑疫苗、脊灰糖丸)要间隔4周才能接种死疫苗(百白破、乙肝、流脑及所有二类疫苗)。10种计划外疫苗(二类疫苗):HIB疫苗(b型流感嗜血杆菌多糖
13、疫苗)、水痘疫苗、肺炎疫苗、流感疫苗、甲肝疫苗、轮状病毒疫苗、出血热疫苗、狂犬病疫苗、气管炎疫苗。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core compo
14、nents of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.什么是联合疫苗什么是联合疫苗This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20
15、and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digit
16、al temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and con
17、trol by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of t
18、emperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.预防接种前的注意事项预防接种前的注意事项 1、预防接种前要仔细观察宝宝的身体健康状况，先在家给宝宝量一次体温，若有发烧(腋下体温37.5）要推迟注射疫苗时间。如病后身体未完全
19、康复应暂缓注射，但应记得等病好后及时补种。2、要求接种疫苗后1天内注射处伤口最好不要沾水，因此，接种疫苗前父母最好给宝宝洗个澡，然后换上柔软宽大的内衣，这样既方便挽袖子打针，也不会摩擦针眼处皮肤。3、要向医生说明目前宝宝的健康状况，如宝宝有发热、患病、营养不良等情况应暂缓接种，何时补种应和医生商量约定。4、宝宝应该注射的疫苗和时间，父母要严格按照规定的免疫程序和预约时间进行接种，不要半途而废。如果错过预约时间，一定要尽快到接种单位补种疫苗。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control
20、system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.预防接种后的注意事项预防接种后的注意事项 1、接种疫苗后宝宝应在接种现场观察至少30分钟。经观察
21、无异常情况后方可离开。为便于及时发现宝宝的异常情况，观察期间尽量不要让宝宝睡觉。家长主要注意观察宝宝的意识、活动、心跳、面色、呼吸等情况是否有大的变化，如发现宝宝出现心跳加快、面色变白、变紫、手足冰凉、呼吸困难、抽筋等情况，应立即报告医护人员。2、接种疫苗后1小时之内最好不要给孩子喂奶。这是因为注射疫苗后宝宝哭闹、疼痛而致全身痉挛，如果这时给孩子喂奶，极有可能吸入肺部造成肺炎。3、接种部位24小时内要保持干燥和清洁，尽量不要沐浴。4、回家后要避免剧烈活动，对孩子细心照料，12天内多喂些开水，尤其注意观察宝宝是否出现发烧、出皮疹、注射部位出现红肿等。This paper mainly intro
22、duces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature
23、sensor.那些儿童不宜进行预防接种那些儿童不宜进行预防接种凡有过敏史的宝宝一律不得接种疫苗（除脊髓灰质炎三价混合疫苗外）-因为疫苗中有可能含有微量过敏原，这样可使具有过敏体质的宝宝发生过敏反应，轻则起荨麻疹、重则会发生过敏性紫癜、紫癜肾，甚至发生过敏性休克，如果抢救不及时会危及到宝宝幼小的生命；患有严重的心脏、肝脏、肾脏疾病以及结核病的宝宝，也不宜进行预防接种。否则因体质较差，接种后有可能加重其原有的疾病，而且又给这些脏器增加额外的负担；具有先天性免疫缺陷、免疫功能低下的宝宝不宜进行预防接种，尤其是活疫苗。因为由于宝宝免疫功能的低下，接种疫苗后不但起不到预防疾病的作用，反而有可能使宝宝致病
24、；患有中枢神经系统性疾病的宝宝如：大脑功能发育不全、癫痫、高热惊厥、抽风病史、脑炎后遗症等均不宜进行预防接种。特别是百白破混合制剂、乙脑和流脑疫苗。否则有可能诱发或加重宝宝原有的疾病，引起抽风，易使宝宝的旧病复发；This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature s
25、ensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.那些儿童不宜进行预防接种那些儿童不宜进行预防接种当宝宝处于疾病的急性期或患有急性传染病时应缓种以免加重病情。待疾病完全恢复后一周再行接种；当宝宝发热、体温超过37.5时，也应暂缓接种。因为发热的原因是多种多样的，极有可能是流感、麻疹、脑炎、肝炎等传染病的早期症状，如此时接种则会加重原有病情；如宝宝的接种部位有严重的皮炎、牛皮
26、癣、湿疹、皮疹及化脓性皮肤病-应在治愈后再行接种；宝宝出现腹泻时应暂缓接种-如宝宝的大便比平时增多，如每天排便4次以上，即出现腹泻时也不宜服用脊髓灰质炎疫苗。因为腹泻可使服入体内的脊髓灰质炎疫苗随粪便很快地排出体外，失去其免疫作用；如腹泻为病毒感染所致，则可产生抗体，影响免疫效果；This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by usin
27、g single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.偶合症偶合症偶合症是指受种者正处于某种疾病的潜伏期，或者存在尚未发现的基础疾病，接种后巧合发病（复发或加重），因此偶合症的发生与疫苗本身无关。疫苗接种率越高、品种越多，发生的偶合率越大。This paper mainly introduces the des
28、ign of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.预防接种后的
29、不适反应及处理预防接种后少数儿童会出现一些不适反应，绝大多数是轻微的，一般不需吃药打针即自行消失。如持续加重未见好转应尽快咨询医生或到医院诊治。一、全身反应：接种一天内注意观察小儿体温（小时左右量一次体温）。少数儿童在接种后12天内出现低热（腋下体温3738）、吵闹、呕吐、腹泻等不适反应，一般不需吃药打针即在24小时内自行消退。接种麻风疫苗、麻腮风疫苗后，少数小儿在接种后612天出现发热和一过性皮疹。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realize
30、s the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.发热处理：发热处理：主要用物理方法降温 多喝水。用温水全身擦浴。擦时要用点力，多擦几遍，保持手脚温暖。用冰袋当枕头躺。躺冰袋时要注意只能
31、睡头部，半小时就得量下体温，体温下降就要撤去冰袋。如经过物理降温体温还持续升高，若超过38.5，可在医生指导下使用退热药，以防小孩高烧导致抽筋。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip micro
32、computer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.二、注射部位反应：少数儿童接种后12天内在注射部位出现红肿、硬结或疼痛，持续23日可自行消退。应避免挠抓、按摩等，注意局部清洁卫生。红肿、硬结的处理：红肿、硬结的处理：红肿、硬结出现未超过24小时用冷敷止肿，超过24小时用热敷消肿，每天45次，每次1020分钟。但如为卡介苗引起的红肿不能热敷。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intel
33、ligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.常见问题常见问题Q:打了预防针就百分百保险
34、吗?目前没有一种疫苗是百分之百有效的，绝大多数疫苗的有效率在95%以上，但支气管肺炎疫苗的有效率较低，大约为70-80%。Q:是不是打预防针越多越好呢?A:不是。疫苗是用病菌、病毒及其产生的毒素制成的，虽然经过杀灭和减毒等特殊处理，但仍会有一定毒性，接种后可能发生一些过敏反应，轻者出现皮疹，重者发生休克。这种过敏反应的发生往往随着打针次数的增加而增多。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of tempera
35、ture measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.Q:国内疫苗和进口疫苗有什么区别?A:国产、进口疫苗价格上的差异在于疫苗毒株及其培养工艺不同，都通过了国家卫生部门严格检查，生产线按照GMP要求，由国家药监局批准生产。可以根据自己的经济
36、承受能力选择使用。Q:注射疫苗的时间内宝宝生病了怎么办?还能打疫苗吗?A:等宝宝病好后可以继续接种。因为接种疫苗时间间隔2856天属于正常接种范围，可正常继续接种。Q:怎么才知道预防接种后有没有产生抗体?A:一般由各地疾病控制中心定期或隔几年抽出一部分已经接种过疫苗的人，按年龄组分别来进行复查。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.
