1、独立主格结构课件演示文稿一、独立主格结构的构成形式一、独立主格结构的构成形式1 1、逻辑主语、逻辑主语+V-ingV-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句动作执行者，分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出主语发出的动作，而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。如：的动作。如：1)._no bus,we had to walk home.A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was A2)_no bus,we had to walk home.A.As there bei
2、ng B.As there was C.Being D.There was3)_Sunday,the library doesnt open.A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been4)_Sunday,the library doesnt open.A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is B C D2 2、逻辑主语、逻辑主语+V-edV-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。1)_,the train started.A.The signal gi
3、ven B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving2)_,the train started.A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given A D BA3)_,the text became easier for us to learn.A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being ex
4、plained new words D.Having explained new words4)_,the text became easier for us to learn.When new words were explainedExplaining new words New words explaining Being explained new words 3、逻辑主语逻辑主语+形容词（副词）形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主主系系表表”结构。如：结构。如：1)_,the patient can leave the hospital.A.Bett
5、er conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions2)_,the patient can leave the hospital.A.If better conditions B.If conditions better C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions BC3._,wed like to go outing.A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sund
6、ay OK4._,wed like to go outing.A.If Sunday is OK B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday OK D.A,B and C5._,you can wait a while.A.The play being still on B.The play still on C Being still on the play D.A and BBDD在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或（或having been）不能省略。）不能省略。(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词代词时。如：It being Sunda
7、y,we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。(2)在There being名词的结构中。如：There being no bus,we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：二、独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分：1 1、原因状语、原因状语该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句。如：从句。如：1)._ 1)._ no bus,we had to walk home.no bus,we had to walk home.A.There b
8、eing B.As there was A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B C.There was D.A and B2)._Sunday,the library doesnt 2)._Sunday,the library doesnt open.open.A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B AD3._,I had to ask for two days3._,I had to ask for two days leave.leave.A.Mother being ill B.Moth
9、er ill A.Mother being ill B.Mother ill C.As mother was ill D.A,B and CC.As mother was ill D.A,B and C4._,we have to work late into 4._,we have to work late into the night.the night.A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D.A,B and C DD2 2、时间状语时间状语独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于一个由独立主格结构作时间状语时相当于
10、一个由when,as soon as,after等引导的时间状语等引导的时间状语从句。如：从句。如：1._,the train started.A.The signal given B.After the signal was given C.Given the signal D.A and B2._,the text became easier for us to learn.New words explainedB.When new words were explainedC.When teacher explained new wordsD.all the above DDDD3、条件状
11、语、条件状语 独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由独立主格结构作条件状语时可以改为由if引导引导的条件状语从句。如：的条件状语从句。如：1)._,well go to visit the Great Wall.A.Weather permitting B.If weather permits C.If permitting D.A and B2.)_,the patient will recover himself soon.A.If the treatment is in time B.The treatment in time C.The treatment being in time D.
12、A,B and C 4、伴随状语、伴随状语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词短语或并列谓语。如：或并列谓语。如：1).We have lessons every day,_.A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above2).The boy fell asleep,_.A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D.all the above AA 3.Father came
13、home,_3.Father came home,_ A.a dog following him B.followed by a dog C.being followed by a dog D.all the aboveD分词结构、独立主格结构、分词结构、独立主格结构、with+with+复合宾语复合宾语结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：结构在句中均可作状语，其区别是这样的：一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是一、分词在句中作状语时句子的主语是分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执分词的逻辑主语，即主句主语是分词的动作执行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者（用过去分行者（用现在分词）或动作承受者
14、（用过去分词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短词或现在分词被动式）。这种情况下的分词短语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。语可以改为相应的状语从句或并列谓语。1._late,we had to walk home.A.Being B.As we were C.We being D.A and B 2._ busy,they had no time to play.A.As they were B.Being C.Because they were D.all the aboveDD1._ the students homework,the teacher found a lot of mi
15、stakes.When he was correcting B.When he corrected C.Correcting D.all the above 2._by your teachers,you are supposed to be modest.A.When you are praised B.Praised C.When praised D.all the aboveDD1._ more time,he is sure to finish his test paper.A.If he is given B.If given C.Given D.all the above 2._
16、another chance,Ill do my job better.A.If I have B.If having C.Having D.all the above DD1.Father came back,_ a bag of money on his left shoulder.carrying B.he was carrying C.and carrying D.all the above2.Father came back,_ by a monkey.and he was followed B.followed C.and was followed D.all the above
17、DA 二、二、和和 结构结构在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介在句子中作状语时，这种结构内部的分词或介词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主词短语的逻辑主语不是整句的主语，即主句主语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如：语与分词的逻辑主语不一致。如：1._,well go fishing in the country.A.Permitting weather B.Weather permitted C.Weather permitting D.PermittingC2._,he finished playing the game of chess.A.His eyes closing B.Wit
18、h his eyes closed C.Closed eyes D.Closed his eyes3._,I couldnt get the book I wanted.A.Closed B.Library closed C.Closing library D.With library closing BB1._ the teacher told the class to go through the text A.Checking the answers B.Checking the answers and C.When checking the answers and D.all the
19、aboveA2._a rainy day,so all the farmers had to stay inside.A.It being B.Being C.It was D.all the above3.As_a little sick,he remained at the clinic.A.feeling B.he felt C.he felling D.all the above CB句子主语与该状语内部动词之间句子主语与该状语内部动词之间，该状语可用分词结构或，该状语可用分词结构或从句表示。从句表示。1)1)in thought,he almost ran in thought,he
20、 almost ran into the car in front of him.into the car in front of him.A.Lost B.As he was lost A.Lost B.As he was lost C.He lost D.A and B C.He lost D.A and B D2).for the bus at the stop,he suddenly caught sight of a thief.A.Waiting B.When he was waiting C.As he was waiting D.all the above2 2、若句子主语与状
21、语内动词之间不存在逻辑上若句子主语与状语内动词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自已的逻辑主语。的主谓或动宾关系且状语内有自已的逻辑主语。则该状语不能用分词结构，只能用独立主格结构、则该状语不能用分词结构，只能用独立主格结构、with+with+复合宾语结构或从句。如：复合宾语结构或从句。如：D1.1.The soldier fell asleep _.The soldier fell asleep _.A.with the candle burning A.with the candle burning B.burning the candle B.burning the candl
22、e C.when he was burning the candle C.when he was burning the candle D.when burning the candleD.when burning the candle2._,the Tiananmen Square looks 2._,the Tiananmen Square looks more beautiful.more beautiful.A.Being on B.When being on A.Being on B.When being on C.With all the lights on C.With all the lights on D.When it turns on all the lightsD.When it turns on all the lightsAC
