1、ImagismImagismSchool of Foreign LanguagesSchool of Foreign LanguagesNanyangNanyang Normal University Normal UniversityBy LixiaohaiBy LixiaohaiImagism is a poetic movement of England and the United States,which flourished from 1908 to 1917.Its creed includes the use of the language of common speech,p
2、recision,the creation of new rhythms,absolute freedom in choice of subject matter,the evocation of images in hard,clear poetry,and concentration.Thomas Ernest Hulme(1883-1917),an English philosopher,founded the Poets Club in 1908.Imagism in PoetryImagism in PoetryAmerica Imagism started in Chicago i
3、n 1912 with the publication of Poetry:A Magazine of Verse.It marked the beginning of American Imagism and of American Modernism in poetry.It represented a poetic renaissance in American literature.Two leaders:Pound Amy Lowell,American ImagismAmerican ImagismOther important poets in this period inclu
4、de William Carlos Williams,T.S.Eliot,E.R.Robinson,Wallace Stevens,E.E.Cummings and Carl Sandburg.More RepresentativesMore RepresentativesFeatures They called for:free verse clear images,free choice of subject matter,compressed poetic expression,common speech.1.To use the language of common speech,bu
5、t to employ the exact word,not the nearly-exact,nor the merely decorative word.2.free verse than in conventional forms.Absolute freedom in the choice of subject.3.To present an image.4.concentration浓缩浓缩is of the very essence of poetry.Imagist ManifestoImagist ManifestoShortcoming In the history of A
6、merican poetry,imagism was only a transient phase of no longer than a decade.In 1908 it began.During 1912-1914,it gathers momentum and put out a manifesto with immense activity around Pound,but ten years later it faded.Because it hardly capable of sustaining a longer poetic effortAmerican poet,criti
7、c,editor,and translator;one of the foremost literary figures in literary modernismAs a poet,Pound experimented with various verse forms,from short poems focusing on concrete images to his epic masterpiece,the Cantos.As an essayist,he wrote manifestos establishing influential principles of style and
8、theme.As a critic and editor,Pound discovered and encouraged many experimental authors,including Irish writer James Joyce,English poet T.S.Eliot,and American writers Robert Frost and Ernest Hemingway.Idaho,reared in Pennsylvania;attend the university of Pennsylvania and Hamilton college;at Wabash co
9、llege;Italy,U.S.to face trial for treason,imagist,innovator,Ezra Pound Ezra Pound (1885-1972)His Contribution:He launched Imagism,a movement in poetry which derived its technique from classical Chinese and Japanese poetry-stressing clarity,precision,and economy of language.His influence:He advanced
10、the work of major contemporaries,such as W.B.Yeats,Robert Frost,William Carlos Williams,Marianne Moore,Ernest Hemingway,and especially T.S.Eliot.Major Works:1 The Cantos(the encyclopedic epic poem)2 Hugh Selwyn Mauberley 3 The Pisan Cantos Literary AchievementLiterary AchievementThe apparition of th
11、ese faces in the crowd;In a Station of the MetroPetals on a wet,black bough.The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet,black bough Words:Metro:subwayApparition(幽灵）:a sudden or unusual sight.Petals（花瓣）:a unit of a corolla,usually showy and colored.Bough:a tree branch,especially a larg
12、e or main branch枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。天净沙.秋思 马致远译文枯藤缠绕着老树，树枝上栖息着黄昏时归巢的乌鸦，小桥下，流水潺潺，旁边有几户人家，在古老荒凉的道路上，秋风萧瑟，一匹疲惫的瘦马驮着我蹒跚前行。夕阳向西缓缓落下，悲伤断肠的人还漂泊在天涯。在地铁站:人潮中这些面容的忽现；湿巴巴的黑树丫上的花瓣。（罗池）地铁车站:人群中这些脸庞的幻影；潮湿又黑的树枝上的花瓣.（成婴）地铁车站:人群中这些面庞的闪现；湿漉的黑树干上的花瓣。（赵毅衡）在地铁车站:这几张脸在人群中幻景般闪现；湿漉漉的黑树枝上花瓣数点。（飞白）地铁站里:出现在人群里这一张
13、张面孔；湿的黑树枝上的一片片花瓣。（张子清）人群里这些脸忽然闪现；花丛在一条湿黑的树枝。（流沙河）人群中，这些面孔的鬼影；潮湿的黑树枝上的花瓣。（余光中）这些面孔浮现于人群；花瓣潮湿的黑树枝（颜元叔）众中梦幻身影，黝湿枝头疏花。（吴其尧）在地铁车站:人潮中面孔若隐若现；黝湿树干上花瓣朵朵。In a Station of the MetroThe River-Merchants Wife:A LetterWhile my hair was still cut straight across my forehead I played about the front gate,pulling flo
14、wers.You came by on bamboo stilts,playing horse,You walked about my seat,playing with blue plums.And we went on living in the village of Chokan:Two small people,without dislike or suspicion.At fourteen I married My Lord you.I never laughed,being bashful.Lowering my head,I looked at the wall.Called t
15、o,a thousand times,I never looked back.At fifteen I stopped scowling,I desired my dust to be mingled with yours Forever and forever and forever.Why should I climb the lookout?At sixteen you departed,You went into far Ku-to-en,by the river of swirling eddies,And you have been gone five months.The mon
16、keys make sorrowful noise overhead.You dragged your feet when you went out.By the gate now,the moss is grown,the different mosses,Too deep to clear them away!The leaves fall early this autumn,in wind.The paired butterflies are already yellow with August Over the grass in the West garden;They hurt me
17、.I grow older.If you are coming down through the narrows of the river Kiang,Please let me know beforehand,And I will come out to meet you As far as Cho-fo-Sa.-Ezra Pound 妾发初覆额折花门前剧郎骑竹马来绕床弄青梅同居长干里两小无嫌猜十四为君妇羞颜未尝开低头向暗壁千唤不一回十五始展眉愿同尘与灰常存抱柱信岂上望夫台l十六君远行瞿塘滟预堆五月不可触猿鸣天上哀门前迟行迹一一生绿苔苔深不能扫落叶秋风早八月蝴蝶来双飞西园草感此伤妾心坐愁红颜
18、老早晚下三巴预将书报家相迎不道远直至长风沙pseud.H.D.,American poet Married to Richard Aldington in 1913In England,under the influence of Ezra Pound,she became associated with the imagists and developed into one of the most original poets of the group.Volumes of her verse include Sea Garden(1916),Red Shoes for Bronze(193
19、1),The Walls Do Not Fall(1944),and Bid Me to Live(1960).Hilda Doolittle Hilda Doolittle(1886-1961)(1886-1961)海浪卷，海浪卷，松针在腾翻。松针在腾翻。巨松拍岩震天响，巨松拍岩震天响，翠绿抛起洒人间，翠绿抛起洒人间，林海作长衫。林海作长衫。山之神山之神William Carlos Williams(1883-1963)American poet and physician.He wrote stories,plays and autobiographies as well as poems
20、.He met and befriended Ezra Pound,and was influenced by Pound.Biographical FactsHe was born in New Jersey,U.S.1883.He received his M.D.from the University of Pennsylvania.He sustained his medical practice throughout his life.He died in Vienna,Austria,1963.Note:Terza rima(Italian form)is composed of
21、tercets(three lines stanza with a single rhyme).The common rhyme of terza rima:aba,bcb,cdc,ded,and so on.“红色手推车红色手推车”简评简评1.红色手推车是一幅色彩鲜明的日常生活画面，描述的是一个躲雨时见到的场景，躲雨的地方大概太小，所以人虽然躲了进去，手推车却还是淋得透湿。与它运送的东西相比，手推车显得似乎小了点，所以才引起诗人“那么多”的感慨。况且还被雨水浇得它“浑身溜滑”。可以想象那个始终没有露面的“推车人”的辛劳，不免对他（她）产生一丝同情。但“旁边有几只白鸡”一句，使我们眼前一亮。想
22、想看，在雨中，天色也许比较灰暗。但手推车的“红色”与几只鸡的“白色”却是那么的耀眼，何况鸡还是一个活动的东西，与停放在那里的手推车，正好又构成了一动一静的对比。生活的辛劳、躲雨时的焦躁，被几只“白鸡”的出现一扫而空。2.威廉斯选择红、白对比色以及经雨水冲洗后的锃亮，写出了人类与大自然共创理想生活的一面。威廉斯用红色装饰手推车的轮子，隐喻人类积极的劳动，劳动造就了人类积极向上的欢快精神，用“小鸡”和“雨水”来表达他对自然的崇敬。3.威廉斯的红色手推车仿佛是一幅西洋油画，色彩鲜明，线条突出，立体感强，折射出大自然的光亮，整体画面宁静完美，富有和谐感，它向世人展示了20世纪美国人民的时代精神追求以及
23、一代美国诗人的民族情结。The Red WheelbarrowThe Red WheelbarrowSo much dependsupona red wheelbarrowglazed with rainwaterbeside the whitechickens.William Carlos Williams红色手推车红色手推车那么多东西依靠一辆红色手推车雨水淋得它晶亮旁边是一群白鸡那么多东西仰仗这辆红色的手推车运送雨水浇得它浑身溜滑旁边有几只白鸡选自彭予编译二十世纪英美抒情诗选The Great FigureThe Great Figure在密雨中在灯光里我看到一个金色的数字5写在一辆红色的
24、救火车上无人注意疾驰驶向锣声紧敲警报尖鸣之处轮子隆隆穿过黑暗的城市。赵毅衡 译巨大的数字大数字雨中灯下我看见一辆红救火车上金色的数字5救火车急匆匆不顾一切敲铃伙裁车轮辘辘驰过黑暗的城市。郑建青 译FiretruckFiretruck with No.5 with No.5Ambulance with Red CrossAmbulance with Red CrossCarl SandburgAmerican poet,historian,novelist and folklorist,the singing bard.A central figure in the Chicago Renais
25、sance He emphasized the tradition of American experience and played a significant role in the development in poetry that took place during the first two decades of the 20th century.In his work Sandburg gave voice to least powerful people.With the appearance of his Chicago Poems(1916),Cornhuskers(191
26、8),Smoke and Steel(1920),and Slabs of the Sunburnt West(1922),his reputation was established(1878-1967)雾来了，踮着猫的细步。他弓起腰蹲着，静静地俯视海港和城市，又再往前走。赵毅衡 译 霧來了以小貓的步伐它坐著俯視港灣和城市靜靜的拱著腰而後繼續往前走。雾来了踮着猫步弓腰蹲坐静静俯视港湾和城市复又缓缓游移雾FOGThe fog comesOn little cat feet.It sits lookingOver harbor and cityOn silent haunchesAnd then,moves on.WindowNight from a railroad car windowIs a great,dark,soft thingBroken across with slashes of light.窗窗 卡尔卡尔桑得堡桑得堡火车窗中望见的夜，火车窗中望见的夜，是大而黑的柔软物体，是大而黑的柔软物体，纵横带着光之鞭痕。纵横带着光之鞭痕。Carl Sandburg
