1、Unit4 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes 被动语态,语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。 英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。,主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。 如： Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students. (被动语态),语态,被动语态的结构,助动词be+过去分词 (be + done),by many students.,1.Many students study Eng
2、lish.,English,is studied,2.They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,are made,by them,in that factory.,1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：,is/are+过去分词,They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sun
3、day.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beijing.,1. They bought a computer last term,by them last term.,2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：,was/were +过去分词,last year.,2.We planted many trees last year.,Many trees,were planted,A computer,was
4、bought,They built the tall building last year. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. We cleaned our classroom just now. They used the rooms for resting.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned b
5、y us just now.,The rooms were used for resting by them.,3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：,be going to be/will be+过去分词,1.They will finish the work in ten days.,by them in ten days.,The work,will be finished,2.Tom is going to clean the room tomorrow.,The room,is going to be cleaned,by Tom tomorrow.,We will hold a sport
6、s meeting next week. Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow. The headmaster is going to give a talk this afternoon.,A sports meeting will be held by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.,A talk is going to be given by the headmaster this after
7、noon.,4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：,can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,1.Amy can take good care of Gina ,by Amy.,Gina,can be taken good care of,2.You should drink more water.,More water,should be drunk,by you.,1.He can take care of the baby. 2.Lucy may draw the pictures. 3.You must turn off the lights. 4.They should
8、learn English well.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构,is / am / are + being 过去分词,1.Some workers are painting the rooms now,by some workers now.,The rooms,are being pain
9、ted,2.He is watching TV.,TV,is being watched,by him.,6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构,have / has been 过去分词,1.We have made a key,by us.,A key,has been made,2.We have finished our compositions.,Our compositions,have been finished,by us.,Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。,被动语态的用法,（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.,Its
10、 said / reported / + that 据说/据报道 Its reported that it will rain tomorrow. 据报道，明天会下雨。,（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。,The cup was broken by David.,（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.,被动语态的几种类型,1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）,如：1.He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. A book was given to me by Tom. 2. I bought
11、him a book. He was bought a book by me. A book was buoght for him by me.,give me a book,间,直,= give a book to me,直,间,to: pass, give, show, bring for: make, buy, draw,They take good care of my child. I turned off the radio.,2.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,-My child is taken good care of .,-The radio was turned off (
12、by me).,即hear , watch , see , make , let ,这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.,1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.,He,was seen,to play basketball last Sunday.,2.The boss makes him work for 10 hours.,He,is made,to work for 10 hours.,3.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态,4.过去分词做后置定语，表示被动,a boy called Tom 一个叫Tom的男孩 a book
13、bought yesterday 一本昨天买的书,5.过去分词做宾补，表示被动,get/make/have sth done 使某物被,make me understood 使我被理解/使人理解我 have my hair cut 使我头发被剪/请人给我剪头,1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代 词时，不能改为被动语态。 We often help each other. 2）have, take place,happen,feel感觉起来,look 看起来,sound,taste,smell不用于被动 如: I have a bike. An accident happened to h
14、im. The music sounds beautiful.,6.不能用于被动语态的几种情况,填空（完成被动语态填空） 1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态） Their classroom _ often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上） A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week .,is,cleaned,was given by,Practice,3. A lot of people i
15、n China can speak English now . （同上） English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上） English _ _ _ for about two years. 5. They will read these story-books next month. （同上） These story-books _ _ _ next month.,can be spoken,has been learned,will be r
16、ead,5. Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait,7. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 8. I w
17、ant to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. A. it took B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken,9. The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived 10. He told me that the fin
18、al examination _ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be given C. would have given D. would be given,11. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed 12. The birds _ fly away last Saturday. A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were let to,13. A strange sound
19、_ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard 14. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. A. sent to B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for,15. Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting. A. has been asked B. has been asked C. Have been asked D. have been asked 16. Me
20、at _ out in this shop . We can _ now. A. have been sold , get nothing B. has been sold , get nothing C. has been sold , get some D. have been sold , get some,17. The new play _ in theatre now . Why dont you go in and see it ? A. is being shown B. is showing C. is shown D. shows 18. Can you tell _ ?
21、A. when did it happen B. when was it happened C. when it happened D. when it was happened,19. _ the job _ by Lucy or by John ? A. Has finished B. Has being finished C. Is finish D. Has been finished,1.Our school _ in 2002.(开办) 2.The young trees must_ _ _ well. (照顾) 3. _ this building_(建成)last year?
22、4.The book _ _(写)by him last year. 5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989. 6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行) in UK in 2012.,was opened,be looked after,Was,built,was written,wasnt built,be held,完成下列句子：,表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/are done,was/were done,am/is/are being done,was/were being done,be going to/will be done,have/has been done,
