1、1以创新实现金融普惠以创新实现金融普惠Financial Inclusion through Innovation世界银行世界银行,王君王君Wang Jun,World Bank当前世界范围内金融服务获取的情况概览当前世界范围内金融服务获取的情况概览 Current Measurement of the Unbanked around the WorldDatabaseDateEstimate of Financially ExcludedWBG Financial Access2009 Report70%or 2.7 billion of the adult populationMcKinn
2、ey/FAIOctober 2009 Paper2.5 billion of the adult populationResearch:Asli Demirguc-Kunt,Beck and Honohan201970%of the population2Source:Measuring Financial Access around the World 金融服务获取的全球图景金融服务获取的全球图景 Global Map of the Financially Included 3Source:cgap.org/financialindicators发展中国家在金融服务供给方面的差距发展中国家在
3、金融服务供给方面的差距Access Gaps for the developing countries 4Source:World Bank Group Financial Access Survey 2009 and World Bank Payment Systems Survey 2019 对于金融服务存在大量未满足的需求对于金融服务存在大量未满足的需求 Unmet demand for Financial Services5Source:Oliver Wyman Analysis/Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation;CGAP.正确理解金融普惠正确理解金融普惠(f
4、inancial inclusion)“A state in which all those who have real needs have access to a full suite of quality financial services,provided at affordable prices,in a convenient manner,and with dignity for the clients?”“有真实需求的所有人,能够以合理的价格,方便地和有尊严地获取全面的,高质量的金融服务”67贫困客户需要多种类型的服务贫困客户需要多种类型的服务Poor Clients Need
5、 a Variety of Services教育、生育、结婚Education,birth,marriage安全的存款场所安全的存款场所Safe place to save治病或其他紧急需求illness and other emergencies紧急需求贷款紧急需求贷款Loans for emergency needs流动资本Working capital微小企业贷款微小企业贷款Microenterprise loans死亡,资产保护Death,asset protection保险保险Insurance获取亲戚寄送资金Access to funds sent by relatives汇款和转
6、帐汇款和转帐Remittances and Transfer老有所养Old age养老金养老金Pension金融服务获取的多个维度金融服务获取的多个维度Key Dimensions of Financial Inclusion 8Source:Measuring Financial Access around the World 达到金融获取的目标达到金融获取的目标 主要支柱主要支柱Reaching the Financial Inclusion Target Key Pillars9Source:Measuring Financial Access around the World 金融责任
7、的三个维度金融责任的三个维度Three Dimensions of Responsible Finance10Source:Towards Universal Access:Addressing the Global Challenge of Financial Inclusion11拓展金融获取边界的全球趋势拓展金融获取边界的全球趋势Global Trends Shifting the Financial Inclusion Frontier Forward Source:Measuring Financial Access around the World 12技术图技术图Technolo
8、gy Map机构机构Institution分支机构分支机构Branches网络连接Connectivity信息系统Information systems信用评分credit scoring个人数字助理PDAs信用卡Cards移动电话MobilePhones生物工程Biometrics客户客户Clients电子取款机ATMs电子收款机POS农村电脑站PC kiosksin villages一些国家拓展金融服务获取的做法一些国家拓展金融服务获取的做法Recent Examples of Countries Advancing Full Financial Inclusion13Source:Mea
9、suring Financial Access around the World 附录附录Appendix14测度金融服务获取测度金融服务获取主要的研究成果主要的研究成果Measuring Financial Access Key Existing Reports 15Source:Measuring Financial Access around the World 16覆盖面指标,覆盖面指标,2019年年Outreach Indicators,2019总贷款组合17覆盖面指标,覆盖面指标,2019年年Outreach Indicators,2019活动借款人总数未偿还贷款总额18覆盖面指标
10、,覆盖面指标,2019年年Outreach Indicators,2019每个借款者的平均贷款余额平均未偿还余额数每个借款者的平均贷款余额/人均国民收入平均未偿还余额数/人均国民收入19经营性支出/贷款组合人员支出/贷款组合效率指标,效率指标,2019年年Efficiency Indicators,201920效率指标,效率指标,2019年年Efficiency Indicators,2019单笔贷款成本单个借款人成本21效率指标,效率指标,2019年年Efficiency Indicators,2019微型金融机构中平均工资/人均国民收入22生产率指标,生产率指标,2019年年Product
11、ivity Indicators,2019平均每个员工承担的借款人数平均每个员工承担的单笔贷款数每个信贷员承担的借款人数每个信贷员承担的贷款数23融资融资结构,结构,2019年年Financing Structure,2019 资本/资产比率 负债/权益比率存款/贷款比率贷款组合/总资产比率24风险指标,风险指标,2019年年Risk Indicators,2019逾期超过30天的贷款比率贷款拨备比率25业绩指标,业绩指标,2019年年Performance Indicators,2019经营性可持续比率财务可持续比率26机构总体特征,机构总体特征,2019年年Institutional Ch
12、aracteristics,2019网点数量员工数量27赤贫赤贫Destitute极度贫困极度贫困ExtremePoor中度贫困中度贫困ModeratePoor边缘贫困边缘贫困VulnerableNon-poor非贫困非贫困Non-poor富裕富裕Wealthy贫困线贫困线Poverty LineSource:Cohen,“The impact of Microfinance.”小额金融的客户有多贫困?小额金融的客户有多贫困?How Poor Are Microfinance Clients?28金融服务提供组织类型金融服务提供组织类型The Spectrum of Financial Ser
13、vice Providers亲友Friends&Family放贷人Moneylenders滚动存款和信贷协会ROSCAsCVECAs合作金融机构Cooperative financial institutions 非政府组织NGOs非银行金融机构NBFIs国有银行,包括邮政储蓄银行State-owned banks,including postal banks存款收集人Savings collectors累积存款和信用协会ASCAs金融服务协会FSAs农村银行Rural banks商人Traders自助组织SHGs专业小额信贷银行Specialized MF banks提供各种业务的商业银行F
14、ull-service commercial banks非正规金融非正规金融Informal基于成员参与基于成员参与Member-based非政府组织非政府组织NGOs正规金融机构正规金融机构Formal financial institutions谢谢!谢谢!29有任何问题和评论,欢迎联系有任何问题和评论,欢迎联系王君王君 jwang3worldbank.org金融责任的三个维度金融责任的三个维度Three Dimensions of Responsible Finance30Source:Towards Universal Access:Addressing the Global Challenge of Financial Inclusion