1、杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命题 纸杭 州 师 范 大 学 2012 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题 考试科目代码： 243 考试科目名称： 二外英语 说明：1、命题时请按有关说明填写清楚、完整； 2、命题时试题不得超过周围边框； 3、考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负；Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) （20分）Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passag
2、e quickly and answerthe questions on Answer Skeet . For questions 1 -7, marked Y( for YES ) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage. N ( for NO ) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage. NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the pas
3、sage. For question 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Learn to love your job Are you familiar with kudzu-a prolific vine that wraps itself around other vegetation, strangling the life out of it? Does this sound like what your job is doing to you? Rather than he
4、lping you to blossom, is your job running you over like a lawnmower? Stop the madness! You spend too much time at work to be miserable. You can cut through career kudzu by putting the following advice into action. Be Honest With Your Boss Your boss may be talented and inspirational, but probably not
5、 a mind - reader, ff you are frustrated at work, speak up. Your boss has a right to know if you are feeling undervalued, burned out, or desperately in need of a more flexible schedule. There are, of course, ways to conduct this talk so that you dont sound whiny or hopelessly confused. You may be mor
6、e appreciated and have more options than you thought. A good boss can give you strategies to pull your attitude out of a funk. Give it a chance, and be honest with your discussion. Let the Job Bring Out Your Best If you have a job that matches your skills poorly, youll end up hating it. For example,
7、 sales jobs are not for everyone. An introverted, quiet person is likely to feel uncomfortable chasing down some sales quota. Your job should fit like a globe, not force you to be something you are not. m-fitting jobs cause stress, according to psychologist Bill Crawford, stress is a signal that som
8、ething needs to change. Suffering is when we dont make the change, Crawford explains, Often we dont listen to the signal of stress in our lives until it becomes a severe problem. If your job is not fulfilling, get creative. Drastic changes are not always necessary. Arlene S. Hirsch, author of Love Y
9、our Work and Success Will Follow, tells the story of a banker with strong financial analysis skills who was experiencing great job dissatisfaction. He recaptured his love for music by accepting a job as CFO for a symphony orchestra. Smart move! Acknowledge Your Anger If you really hate your job, its
10、 likely that you are fired up about something. Pinpointing the source of your anger is a crucial first step. According to Dr. Hendrie Weisinger, there are 5 main anger-provoking work situations: 1. Being left our. Not being accepted by your peers severely limits how effective you can be on the job,
11、and shakes your fundamental need for acceptance. 2. Critical bosses. Nitpicking bosses are infuriating. 3. Not getting promoted. You try your best and its never acknowledged. 4. being maligned by co-workers. Being victimized by false rumors is a consistent anger arouser. 5. Incompetent bosses. An in
12、competent boss can stifle your enthusiasm and torpedo your chances for job satisfaction. Get Rid of Grudges When people work together, hurt feelings, misunderstanding, and cross words are inevitable, ff you are mistreated at work, youll be tempted to get even. Be careful: Making enemies can lead str
13、aight to job misery. Even if you have been treated unfairly, you can take the high road. While practicing forgiveness may be the last thing you want to do, it is often the wisest move. Offenders may not deserve your kindness, but you do. By forgiving abusive jerks, you are actually giving yourself a
14、 break. Sure, you can quit your job in a huff and seek greener pastures elsewhere. Find a place where people treat you with the love and respect that you deserve. Right? Wrong! Youll find challenging co-workers wherever you go. They just look different and have different names. Youd be better off fi
15、nding ways to live in peace with people with various value systems. Above all else, try to keep your perspective. We all hate our jobs occasionally? The trick is to keep those times few and far between. Putting these tips into practice will help you gain greater satisfaction at work. And when you co
16、nsider that happy employees are more likely to get ahead, isnt that a goal worth smiling about? 1. If you are frustrated at work you should not reveal your emotion to others. 2. A good boss can give you strategies to help his employees be brave. 3. If you have a job that cannot match your skills, it
17、 will help you to develop your courage further. 4. Ill-fitting jobs indicate changes should be made. 5. Drastic changes are always necessary when job cannot give you satisfaction . 6. If your boss is critical, it will make you infuriate. 7. If you are mistreated in the work, youll be temped to reven
18、ge. 8. While being tolerant may be the thing you dont want to do, it is often . 9. You ll find co-workers that difficult to get on well with everywhere, but you had better .10. When we hate our jobs, the trick is to .Part II Complete the sentences by choosing the proper word given below .You should
19、mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet .（10分）11. My students found the book it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject. A. enlightening B. confusing C. distracting D. amusing12More and more people produce more wastes. But this problem is by our throw-away technology.
20、 A enlarged B. increased C. intensified D. expanded13. If businessmen are taxed too much, will no longer be motivated to work hard, with the result that incomes from taxation might actually. A. shrink B. delay C. disperse D. sink 14Through the controlled use of insecticides, man has the land, killin
21、g the wildlife. A. occupied B. decreased C. polluted D. taken15. Teachers need to give serious to how young adults can be best accommodate the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that they experience. A. thought B. idea C. opinion D. advice16. Variety of small clubs can provide opportuniti
22、es for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics.A. durable B. excessive C . surplus D. multiple17. Water might seep slowly through the soil it soaks through into the natural reservoirs underground. A. because B. if C. after D. as18. American companies are evolving from mass-p
23、roduction manufacturing to enterprises. A. moveable B. changing C. flexible D. varying19. repairing a toaster or a radio, it is easier and cheaper to buy a new one and discard the old, even though 95 percent of its parts may still be functioning. A. In spite of B. Instead of C. In addition to D. In
24、favor of20. There is a problem with this recycling system. It is a balance that can be easily by people.A. upset B. created C. discovered D. invented21. They were thought of, like people generations, with the distance between generations much smaller. A. by means of B. in terms of C. with regard to
25、D. in line with22. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her attitude toward customers. A. impartial B. mild C. hostile D. opposing23. The typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be to plan activities in which there are more winners th
26、an losers.A. improper B. risky C. fair D. wise24. Some of these ways are not so easy to understand. For example, a marshy bog (沼泽) may not be good for everything, but it an important purpose.A. produces B. serves C. maintains D. keeps 25. It was the 19th century that the communications revolution up
27、, beginning with transport, the railway and so on. A. gathered B. speeded C. worked D. picked26, The newly, built Science Building seems enough to last a hundred years. A. spacious B. sophisticated C. substantial D. ready27. A variety of activities should be organized participants can remain active
28、as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling gusty. A. if only B. now that C. so that D. even if28By dumping sewage and into rivers and lakes, we have contaminated our drinking water. A. chemicals B. materials C. elements D. matters29. Growing bodies need movement and , but
29、not just in ways that emphasize competition. A. care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure30. Not everyone see that process in . It is important to do so. A. concept B. dimension C. effect D. perspectivePart III Reading Comprehension （30分）Section A(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Directions: In this sec
30、tion, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word blank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the blank is identified by a letter. Please choose the corresp
31、onding letter for each item on Answer Sheet. You may not use any of the words in the blank more than once.Question 31 to 40 are based on the following passage. Over the history of the earth, millions of animal and plant species have disappeared. Most of these species disappeared, or became 31 , beca
32、use of 32 causes such as climatic changes or a catastrophic event, like an asteroid hitting earth. What is different today is that most species that are in danger of becoming extinct are not endangered because of natural causes but because of 33 activity. Today, we will be looking at the reasons tha
33、t many plants and animals are endangered and how these reasons, or causes, are related to human activity. They single most important cause of endangered species today is the 34 and degradation of habitat(栖息地). Most animals and plants are 35 live and reproduce in a specific environment, habitat. They
34、 cannot 36 if they lose the specific habitat that they are adapted to live and reproduce in. There axe many ways that human activity destroys habitat. For example, forests, grasslands, and deserts, which provide habitat to many plants and animals, are 37 in order to develop residential areas for peo
35、ple to live in and industrial area for people to work in. Land is also cleared to prepared it for farmers to grow crops on. Swamps and marshes, which provide habitat to many animal and plant species, are often 38 and filled in, also to provide land for development or agriculture. 39 rivers are somet
36、imes dammed (筑坝 ) in order to provide people with electrical power. All of these human activities, such as clearing forests, grasslands, and deserts; draining (排水)swamps and mashes, and damming rivers 40 the destruction of habitats that many plants and animals need to live and reproduce in. A) extin
37、ct B) natural C) survive D) anniversary E) destruction F) human G) result in H) separated I) cleared J) leave K) Finally L) correspondenceM) drained N) In addition O) adapted to Section BDirections: There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statemen
38、ts. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet .Passage OneQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage. Even plants can run a fever, especially when theyre under attack by insects or
39、disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago, adopting the infrared ( 红外线 ) scanning technology developed for military purpose and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops
40、to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂 )spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that dont have pest ( 害虫 ) problems. Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Service Company could detect crop proble
41、ms before they became visible to the eyes. Mounted on a plane flown at 3000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running fevers. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pes
42、ticide than they otherwise would. The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes
43、to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt that the technology works. This technology can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States, says George Oerther of Texas A&M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared
44、 crop scanning could be adopted by the end of decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.41. Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are A. sprayed with pesticides B. facing an infrared scanner C. in poor physical condition D. exposed
45、to excessive sun rays42. In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to A. estimate the damage to the crops B. draw a color-coded map C. measure the size of the affected area D. locate the problem area43. Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by A. resorting to spot-spraying B. transforming poisoned rain C. consulting infrared scanning experts D. detecting crop problems at an early date44. The application of infrared scanning t
