1、中中级级培培训训第第二二模模块块之之二二参参 数数课程时间课程时间l08:15开始l12:45结束l15:00开始l17:30结束l约二天时间。CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSContents Time Slots Burst2 Signaling Channels1 TDMA frame TCH/F,TACH SDCCH/8,SDCCH/4,CBCH(2nd phase GSM)BCCH/CCCH3 Traffic Channels 4 Parameters Logical ChannelsCHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSTime Slots and Frames01
2、2242501249 5007Hyperframe=2048 SuperframesSuperframe=26x51 or 51x26 Multiframes26 Multiframe=120 ms51 Multiframe=235 msTDMA frame=4.615 msTCHSIGN.CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSBurst Period07TDMA frame=4.615 ms=BURST PERIOD000fsCHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSLogical Channels,Downlink BSS-MSBCHCCCHFCCHSCHBCCHPCHAGCHDC
3、CHTCHSDCCHSACCHFACCHTCHTCHCOMMON CHANNELSDEDICATED CHANNELSCHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSLogical Channels,Uplink MS-BSSCCCHRACHDCCHTCHSDCCHSACCHFACCHTCHTCHCOMMON CHANNELSDEDICATED CHANNELSlFCCHFCCH频率校正信道：给提供一个标志，使它们在若干之间发现包含广播传输的，频率校正信道：给提供一个标志，使它们在若干之间发现包含广播传输的，移动台开机后，搜寻这个信号移动台开机后，搜寻这个信号lSCHSCH同步信道同步信道:包含基
4、站识别码包含基站识别码BSICBSIC和简化的和简化的TDMATDMA帧号帧号.BSIC.BSIC用于识别不同的小区用于识别不同的小区,TDMA,TDMA帧号用于话帧号用于话间加密间加密.lBCCHBCCH广播控制信道广播控制信道:包含了详细的网络和小区信息包含了详细的网络和小区信息,如如:服务区和邻小区的频率服务区和邻小区的频率.跳频序列跳频序列,信道信道组合方式组合方式,COMBINE,COMBINE 等等;寻呼组寻呼组,通常一个小区有多个寻呼信道通常一个小区有多个寻呼信道,为了防止移动台为了一个寻呼消为了防止移动台为了一个寻呼消息而侦听所有的寻呼信道息而侦听所有的寻呼信道,寻呼信道以只有
5、某一组移动台侦听某一特定的寻呼信道的方式分开寻呼信道以只有某一组移动台侦听某一特定的寻呼信道的方式分开;邻邻小区信息小区信息,MS,MS必须知道目前小区的邻区是什么必须知道目前小区的邻区是什么,以及它们广播频率以及它们广播频率.lPCHPCH寻呼信道寻呼信道:下行下行,寻呼用户时用寻呼用户时用,它是由位置区的所有它是由位置区的所有BTSBTS广播的广播的.lRACHRACH随机接入信道随机接入信道:CCCH:CCCH中唯一的上行链路中唯一的上行链路.用于用于MSMS启动一事务启动一事务,主叫主叫,或作为或作为PCHPCH的应答的应答.lAGCHAGCH准许接入信道准许接入信道;为为MSMS指派
6、一个指派一个SDCCH,SDCCH,是下行的是下行的.lSDCCHSDCCH独立专用控制信道独立专用控制信道,用于呼叫建立用于呼叫建立,鉴权鉴权,位置更新位置更新,TCH,TCH分配分配,短消息短消息.lSACCHSACCH慢随路控制信道慢随路控制信道:SACCH:SACCH伴随着伴随着SDCCHSDCCH和和TCH,TCH,用于发送测量报告用于发送测量报告,功率控制功率控制,时间校准时间校准,MS,MS通话通话时发送短信时发送短信.lFACCHFACCH快随路控制信道快随路控制信道:用于切换时用于切换时,它与一个它与一个TCHTCH对应对应,代替代替20MS20MS的话间的话间,工作于偷帧模
7、式工作于偷帧模式.lTCHTCH业务信道业务信道:传送话音与数据传送话音与数据,TCHF,TCHF是全速是全速13.3Kbit/s,TCHH13.3Kbit/s,TCHH是半速率是半速率5.6,EFR5.6,EFR增加型全速增加型全速率率,13.3,13.3,但编码方式与全速率不同但编码方式与全速率不同,在话音质量上有更一步提高在话音质量上有更一步提高.CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSConfiguration of Signalling Channels07Separated ConfigurationCombined Configuration07ts0=bcch/pch/ag
8、ch ts1=sdcch/8ts0=bcch/sdcch/4/pch/agchCHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS Combined CCCH/SDCCH/4 Multiframef sbbb bcfcfcs c c c cccc c fcfs t t t tttt t ff t t t tttt t fsf s s s ssss sst tttr r sfssss s s r rrrr r rsfr r r r rrrr r rf r r r rtrt t trf t t t rtrt ttDownlinkUplinkCHANNELS f=FCCH b=BCCH r=RACH i=i
9、dle s=SCH/SACCH c=CCCH t=SDCCH/451 TDMA frames=235 mst0501.2.3.4.if sbbbb cfcfcs c c c cccc c fcfs c c c cccc c ff c c c cccc c fsf c c c cccc csr rrrr r rfrrrr r r r rrrr r rrfr r r r rrrr r rf r r r rrrr r rrf r r r rrrrrrDownlinkUplinkCHANNELS f=FCCH b=BCCHr=RACH i=idle s=SCH c=CCCH=PCH/AGCH51 TD
10、MA frames=235 msr050CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSBCCH/CCCH MultiframeiCHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS SDCCH/8 Multiframet tttt t tftttt t t t tttt t ttft t t t tttt t tf s s s ssss s sf s s s s sss ssss s sfsssstttt t tsft t t t tttt t tf t t t tttt t ttf t t t tttt ttDownlinkUplinkCHANNELS t=SDCCH/8 s=SACCH/8i=idl
11、ett51 TDMA frames=235 mss1.2.3.5.6.7.8.4.050iiiiiiCHANNEL CONFIGURATION Number of Blocks for AGCH onlyf sbbbb cfcfcs c c c cccc c fcfs c c c cccc c ff c c c cccc c fsf c c c cccc csBCCH/CCCHCHANNELS f=FCCH b=BCCHt=SDCCH/4i=idle s=SCH/SACCH c=CCCH=PCH/AGCH51 TDMA frames=235 msf sbbbb cfcfcs c c c ccc
12、c c fcfs t t t tttt t ff t t t tttt t fsf s s s ssss ss123456789123BCCH/SDCCH/4iiCHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS Full Rate Traffic Channel(TCH)Multiframet tttt t tftttttttt t ttft t t ttDownlink and UplinkCHANNELS t=TCH s=SACCH i=idle ts26 TDMA frames=120 ms025iCHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS Half Rate Traffic Channe
13、l(TCH)MultiframeDownlink and UplinkCHANNELS t=TCH s=SACCH i=idle 26 TDMA frames=120 ms025Downlink and UplinkCHANNELS t=TCH s=SACCH i=idle 26 TDMA frames=120 ms025t tttt t ttttttttt t ttttt tttt tttt t ttttttttt t ttttt tttstitCHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSSDCCH Capacity Location updates Short Message Servic
14、e imsi attached/detached Call setupSDCCH used inCHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSSDCCH Capacity(a)lExample(Call establishment and Location Update included)Call Establishment2 TRXs/Cell 8,11 Erl/Cell(1%Blocking probability)1,5 min/Subs/BH=25 mErl./Subs8,11 Erl/Cell/25 mErl./Subs=325 Subs/CellAuthentication and
15、Ciphering=7 sec=1,94 mErl/Call(SDCCH reservation time)=325 Calls/Cell*1,94 mErl/Call=0,6305 Erl/Cell(SDCCH)Location UpdateLocation Updates once in 60 minutes(parameter timerPeriodicUpdateMS)325 Subs/CellSDCCH reservation time for Location Update=7 sec=1,94 mErl=325 Calls/Cell*1,94 mErl/Call=0,6305 E
16、rl/Cell(SDCCH)lCall Establishment and Location Update together 0,632 Erl+0,632 Erl=1,261 Erl/CellWith 1%Blocking Probability(Erlang B table)=5 SDCCH/CelllCombined BCCH/SDCCH channel structure is not possible in this case!lSeparate Configuration(1 BCCH/CCCH and 1 SDCCH/8)is needed!Chs1%2%3%5%Chs1%2%3
17、%5%10.010.020.030.052112.8014.0014.9016.2020.150.220.280.382213.7014.9015.8017.1030.460.600.720.902314.5015.8016.7018.1040.871.091.261.522415.3016.6017.6019.0051.361.661.882.222516.1017.5018.5020.0061.912.282.542.962617.0018.4019.4020.9072.502.943.253.752717.8019.3020.3021.9083.133.633.994.542818.60
18、20.2021.2022.9093.784.344.755.372919.5021.0022.1023.80104.465.085.536.223020.3021.9023.1024.80115.165.846.337.083121.2022.8024.0025.80125.886.617.147.953222.0023.7024.9026.70136.617.407.978.833322.9024.6025.8027.70147.358.208.809.733423.8025.5026.8028.70158.119.019.6510.603524.6026.4027.7029.70168.8
19、89.8310.5011.503625.5027.3028.6030.70179.6510.7011.4012.503726.4028.3029.6031.601810.4011.5012.2013.403827.3029.2030.5032.601911.2012.3013.1014.303928.1030.1031.5033.602012.0013.2014.0015.204029.0031.0032.4034.60CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSErlang B TableCHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSSDCCH Capacity(b)lExample(Call
20、 establishment and Location Update included)Call Establishment2 TRXs/Cell 8,11 Erl/Cell(1%Blocking probability)1,5 min/Subs/BH=25 mErl./Subs8,11 Erl/Cell/25 mErl./Subs=325 Subs/CellAuthentication and Ciphering=7 sec=1,94 mErl/Call(SDCCH reservation time)=325 Calls/Cell*1,94 mErl/Call=0,6305 Erl/Cell
21、(SDCCH)Location UpdateLocation Updates once in 120 minutes(parameter timerPeriodicUpdateMS)325 Subs/CellSDCCH reservation time for Location Update=7 sec=1,94 mErl=325 Calls/Cell*1,94 mErl/Call*1/2=0,31525 Erl/Cell(SDCCH)lCall Establishment and Location Update together 0,6305 Erl/Cell+0,31525 Erl/Cel
22、l=0,94575 Erl/Cell(SDCCH)With 1%Blocking Probability(Erlang B table)=4 SDCCH/CelllCombined BCCH/SDCCH channel structure is possible in this case!CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSSDCCH Capacity(c)lExample(Call establishment and Location Update included)Call Establishment2 TRXs/Cell 8,11 Erl/Cell(1%Blocking prob
23、ability)1,5 min/Subs/BH=25 mErl./Subs8,11 Erl/Cell/25 mErl./Subs=325 Subs/CellAuthentication and Ciphering=7 sec=1,94 mErl/Call(SDCCH reservation time)=325 Calls/Cell*1,94 mErl/Call=0,6305 Erl/Cell(SDCCH)Location UpdateLocation Updates once in 120 minutes(parameter timerPeriodicUpdateMS)325 Subs/Cel
24、lSDCCH reservation time for Location Update=7 sec=1,94 mErl=325 Calls/Cell*1,94 mErl/Call*1/2=0,31525 Erl/Cell(SDCCH)SMSSMS traffic estimation 1.0 mErl/subscriber=325 Calls/Cell*1 mErl/Call=0,325 Erl/Cell(SDCCH)lCall Establishment,Location Update and SMS together 0,6305 Erl/Cell+0,31525 Erl/Cell+0,3
25、25 Erl/Call=1,27075Erl/Cell(SDCCH)With 1%Blocking Probability(Erlang B table)=5 SDCCH/CelllSeparated channel structure is possible in this caseCHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSPaging CapacitylExampleCombined BCCH/SDCCH ConfigurationOne Block Reserved for AGCH=2 Blocks for PCHPaged Mobile Stations per Paging_Re
26、quest Message:From 2 to 4,in Average 3 In Average 2 Pages per Mobile Station 3 Pages/Blocks*2 Blocks=6 Pages every 51-frames Multiframe(235 ms.)2 Pages/Paged MS=3 Paged MS every 235 ms.(3600*1000)/235)*3=45，957 Paged MS per Hour.lWorst Case All Transactions are Mobile TerminatingAll Cells in Locatio
27、n Area get the same PCH LoadlCapacityWith one TRX 2,95 Erl.25 mErl./subs.=120 subscribersBTS MS Paging_RequestBTS3MS2 Paging_RequestCapacity of PCH calculated for a Location AreaCHANNEL CONFIGURATIONNumber Of Blocks for Access Grantf sbbbb cfcfcs c c c cccc c fcfs c c c cccc c ff c c c cccc c fsf c
28、c c cccc csBCCH/CCCHCHANNELS f=FCCH b=BCCH t=SDCCH/4 s=SCH/SACCH c=CCCH=PCH/AGCH51 TDMA frames=235 msf sbbbb cfcfcs c c c cccc c fcfs t t t tttt t ff t t t tttt t fsf s s s ssss ss123456789123BCCH/SDCCH/4CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONS CCCH Improvements(1)numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant=0 ,settingPages used to
29、have always priority in CCCH blocks no matter what numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant setting was.Now,If numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant=0 then AGCH messages would have priority over PCH messages.If numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant 0 then PCH messages would have priority over AGCH messages.Thus capacity can be d
30、ynamically shared between PCH and AGCH=better throughput for PCH especially for combined-BCCHCHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSNumber of Multiframes Between Pagingl#of 51 TDMA frame multiframes(2.9)between transmissions of Paging_Request messages to mobiles of the same paging group.#of paging groups=numberOfBlo
31、cksForAccessGrant*noOMultiframesBetweenPaging=Page/group every 2.9*235 ms=0.47.2.115 slMobile Station calculates its Paging Group based on IMSI and on the Number of Paging Groups.CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSNumber of Multiframes Between PaginglAffects of the#of the Paging GroupsBattery Consumption of the
32、Mobile Station手机省电Speed of Call Setups 呼叫速度根据CCCH、AG和MFR的定义，可以计算出每个小区寻呼子信道的个数：当CCCH与SDCCH共用一个物理信道时：（3AG）MFR。当CCCH不与SDCCH共用物理信道时：（9AG）MFR。当参数MFR越大，小区的寻呼子信道数也越多，相应属于每个寻呼子信道的用户数越少（参见GSM规范05.02寻呼组计算方式），因此寻呼信道的承载能力加强,上述优点的获得是以牺牲寻呼消息在无线信道上的平均时延为代价的，即MFR越大使寻呼消息在空间段的时间延迟增大，系统的平均服务性能降低。l设置MFR时建议参考下列原则：lMFR的选
33、择以保证寻呼信道不发生过载为原则，在此前提下应使该参数尽可能小。l一般建议：对寻呼信道负载很大的地区（通常指话务量很大的区域），MFR设置为8或9（即以8个或9个复帧作为寻呼组的循环）；对寻呼信道负载一般的地区（通常指话务量适中的区域），MFR设置为6或7（即以6个或7个复帧作为寻呼组的循环）；对寻呼信道负载较小的地区（通常指话务量较小的区域），MFR设置为4或5（即以4个或5个复帧作为寻呼组的循环）。l在运行的网络中应定期测量寻呼信道的过载情况，并以此为根据适当调整 MFR的数值。CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSRACH ControllingRET:Number of retr
34、ansmission=maxNumberRetransmission(1,2,4,7)当对信道请求无响应时，允许手机重发请求的最大次数当对信道请求无响应时，允许手机重发请求的最大次数 SLO:window=numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans(3.12,14,16,20,25,32,50)001 RACH(Re)transmission during the window=Total time for RACH=maxNumberRetransmission*numberOfSLotsSpreadTrans+.TDMA-framesl三个参数，即：发送分布时隙数SLO、最大重发次数
35、RET和与参数SLO及信道组合有关的参数S。CCH信道组合方式SLONOT COMBINECOMBINE3，8，14，5055414，9，16，76525，10，20，109586，11，25，163867，12，32，217115l参数SLO越大，移动台发送信道请求消息之间的间隔的变化范围越大，RACH冲突的次数相应减少。参数S越大，移动台发送信道请求消息之间的间隔越大，RACH信道上的冲突减少，然而，参数SLO和S的增大却会延长移动台的接入时间，从而导致整个网络的接入性能下降，因此必须选择合适的SLO和S。CHANNEL CONFIGURATIONSParameters Related t
36、o Signalling noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging 2.9 numberOfBlocksForAccessGrant 0.7(if BCCH/CCCH used)0.2(if combined BCCH/SDCCH used)maxNumberRetransmission 1,2,4,7(RACH control)numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans 3.12,14,16,20,25,32,50(RACH control)ParametersValueIDLE MODE l什么是手机开机没有专用连接会选择一个最适合的小区接入以收听下行上的系统信息，需
37、要时可发起呼叫，当被叫时可被网络定位的三个任务：选网小区选择和小区重选位置更新locationAreaId ncc(Network Colour Code)0 7 bcc(BTS Colour Code)0 7bsIdentityCodecell-ID0 65535ParameterValuetrainingSequenceCode0 7IDLE MODE OPERATION IDs and ID Codes mcc(Mobile Country Code)0 999 mnc(Mobile Network Code)0 99 lac(Location Area Code)0 65535Cell
38、 Global IdentityMCC+MNC+LAC+CIIDLE MODE OPERATIONBaseStation Identity Code(BSIC)BSIC is a combination of NCC and BCC Reported in Measurement Results to BSC Can be listed in Hex or DecimalNCC(0.7)BCC(0.7)42U42U3216842URange000 xxx0-7001xxx8-15010 xxx16-23011xxx24-31100 xxx32-39101xxx40-47110 xxx48-55
39、111xxx56-63IDLE MODE OPERATIONBase Station Colour CodeMNC=OperatorMCC=Country e.g FinlandLAC 1=HelsinkiLAC 2LAC 3LAC 4f1f2f3f1f1bcc=1bcc=2bcc=3Neighbour list of f3:f1f2.Location Area CodeBSCBTSBTSBTS12n initialFrequency 1.124 GSM 900 512 885 GSM 1800 512 810GSM 1900ParameterValuebCCHAllocation-ID 1.
40、128 in GSM（S11.5：660）bCCHAllocationList 1.124(FREQ)in GSM(max.32 freq.for all bands)idleStateBCCHAllocation (IDLE)0 (BCCH list is taken from the adjacent cell)1.128 (number of the BCCH list used)measurementBCCHAllocation(ACT)ADJ (BCCH frequency list taken from adj.cell)IDLE(active MS uses the same l
41、ist as MS in IDLE mode)IDLE MODE OPERATION Frequencies plmnpermitted（PLMN）0.7Parameter ValueIDLE MODE OPERATION PLMN SelectionlTwo ModesAutomaticManual该参数的设置不当可能是引起掉话的主要原因之一。IDLE MODE OPERATION Cell Selection in Idle ModeTwo methods:a)Normal cell selectionb)Stored list cell selection(opt)If no suita
42、ble cell found with with method b)then a)is tried.b)搜寻上次关机时,手机中存的那个频点,如果没有进行a)所有频点全听,找一个最好的.IDLE MODE OPERATION Suitable cell to camp on Cell is in the selected PLMN Cell is not barred It is not in a forbidden location area for national roaming 位置区是允许的 C1 0IDLE MODE OPERATION Cell BarredExisting Lay
43、er Barred,NoNew Microcell Layer Barred,YesCall setup on macro,GPS-satellite Measurement SystemcellBarQualify Y cell bar can be overridden不考虑不考虑CELLBAR(C2)N cell bar can not be overridden 要听要听CELLBARExampleAveraging 3-5 s.Decision 5s.IDLE MODE OPERATION Cell Selection in Idle Mode-ImplementationlRadi
44、o CriteriaC1=(A-Max(B,0)lA=Received Level Average-p1lB=p2-Maximum RF Output Power of the Mobile Stationlp1=rxLevelAccessMin Min.received level at the MS required for access to the systemlp2=msTxPowerMaxCCHMax.Tx power level an MS may use when accessing the systemrxLevelAccessMin（RXP）-110.-47msTxPowe
45、rMaxCCH 5 43Parameter ValueIDLE MODE OPERATION Cell Re-selection in Idle ModeCell re-selection is needed if Path Loss criterion C1 0 for cell camped on,for more than 5 seconds.连续5S,C1最大重传次数MS will calculate the C1 and C2 for the serving cell,every 5 sMS will calculate the C1 and C2 for the neighbour
46、 cells,every 5 scellReselectParamInd(PI)Y C2 reselection parameters are broadcast N C2 reselection parameters are not broadcastcellReselectOffset（REO）0.126 (dB)2 dB steppenaltyTime（PET）20.640(s)20 s steptemporaryOffset （TEO）0.70 (dB)10 dB step(the value is negative)Parameter ValueC1+cellReselectOffs
47、et-temporaryOffset*H(penaltyTime-T)=penaltyTime 640 C2=C1-cellReselectOffset penaltyTime=6401 when T penaltyTime IDLE MODE OPERATION Cell Re-selection with C2,continuesIDLE MODE OPERATION Cell Re-selection cellReselectHysteresis(0 14 dB)(mentioned in RR Management in IDLE mode Control).2dB stepA=4 d
48、BB=6 dBC=8 dB ABC 1212MS MovingAB CLA1LA2IDLE MODE OPERATION Cell Re-selectioncellReselectHysteresis(0 14 dB)cellReselectHysteresisThe nominal LA borderThe real LA borderL1L2 timerPeriodicUpdateMS 0.0.25.5(hours)allowIMSIAttachDetach Yes/NoParameter ValueIDLE MODE OPERATION Location UpdatelMS=MSC/VL
49、RlMobile Station switched ONNo IMSI Attach/DetachSame Location Area=No Location UpdateDifferent Location Area=Location UpdatelChange of the Location AreaLocation Area under the same MSC/VLRLocation Area under another MSC/VLR=HLR will be updatedService is rejected(MS unknown in VLR)lTime Periodic(MS-
50、MSC/VLR)lGSM系统中发生位置更新的原因主要有两类，一种是移动台发现其所在的位置区发生变化（LAC不同）；另一种是网络规定移动台周期地进行位置更新。周期位置更新的频度是由网络控制的，周期长度由参数PER确定。lPER的取值范围为6分钟25小时30分，以6分钟为步长。lPER设置为0表示小区中不用周期的位置更新。l周期位置更新是网络与移动用户保持紧密联系的一种重要手段，因此周期时间越短，网络的总体服务性能越好。但频繁的周期更新有两个负作用：一是网络的信令流量大大增加，对无线资源的利用率降低，在严重时会直接影响系统中各个实体的处理能力（包括MSC、BSC和BTS）；另一方面则使移动台的功耗
