1、To ensure long-term development of the world economy,we must,while countering immediate difficulties adopt a multi-pronged approach and effectively address the underlying structural problems in the world economy.We should turn the crisis into an opportunity and lay a solid foundation for the full re
2、covery of the world economy.concerted adj.协定的；商议定的；协调的协定的；商议定的；协调的deficiency n.缺乏；不足的数额；缺陷，缺点缺乏；不足的数额；缺陷，缺点profound adj.深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的impact vt.撞击；冲突；影响；压紧撞击；冲突；影响；压紧 vi.冲击；产生影响冲击；产生影响 n.效果；影响；碰撞；冲击力效果；影响；碰撞；冲击力upturn n.情况好转情况好转 vt.使使转朝上；翻转转朝上；翻转inherent vi.固有；生来即存在；本质上即属固有；生来即存在；本质上即属de
3、stabilize vt.使动摇使动摇multi-pronged adj.多叉的，多尖头的；多方面的；多叉的，多尖头的；多方面的；多种因素的；多元的多种因素的；多元的fragile adj.脆的；易碎的脆的；易碎的manifestation n.显示；表现；示威运动显示；表现；示威运动inject vt.注射；注入注射；注入vitality n.活力，生气；生命力，生动性活力，生气；生命力，生动性integration n.综合；集成综合；集成intra-regional adj.区域内的，区域的区域内的，区域的pragmatic adj.实用主义的；实际的；国事的实用主义的；实际的；国事的c
4、ross-border adj.跨境的跨境的supervisory adj.监督的监督的supervision n.监督，管理监督，管理circular adj.圆形的；循环的；间接的圆形的；循环的；间接的intensify vi.增强，强化；变激烈增强，强化；变激烈 vt.使加强，使强化；使变激烈使加强，使强化；使变激烈incumbent adj.现任的；依靠的；负有职责的现任的；依靠的；负有职责的 n.在职者；现任者；在职者；现任者；generate vt.使形成；发生使形成；发生well-being n.幸福；康乐幸福；康乐foster vt.养育，抚育；培养；抱（希望等）养育，抚育；培
5、养；抱（希望等）discharge vt.卸下；放出；解雇；免除卸下；放出；解雇；免除 vi.卸货；流出；排放卸货；流出；排放 n.卸货；排放；解雇卸货；排放；解雇pollutant n.污染物污染物eco-system n.生态系统生态系统socio-economic adj.社会经济学的社会经济学的spur n.马刺；鼓舞，刺激；山坡马刺；鼓舞，刺激；山坡 vi.骑马疾驰；给予刺激骑马疾驰；给予刺激 vt.激励，鞭策；给激励，鞭策；给装踢马刺装踢马刺creativity n.创造力；创造性创造力；创造性1.structural adjustments 结构调整结构调整Structural
6、adjustments are the policies implemented by the International Monetary Fund(IMF)and the World Bank(the Bretton Woods Institutions)in developing countries.These policy changes are conditions for getting new loans from the IMF or World Bank,or for obtaining lower interest rates on existing loans.Condi
7、tionalities are implemented to ensure that the money lent will be spent in accordance with the overall goals of the loan.The Structural Adjustment Programs(SAPs)are created with the goal of reducing the borrowing countrys fiscal imbalances.The bank from which a borrowing country receives its loan de
8、pends upon the type of necessity.The SAPs are supposed to allow the economies of the developing countries to become more market oriented.This then forces them to concentrate more on trade and production so it can boost their economy.2.division of labour 劳动分工劳动分工Division of labour is the specializati
9、ons of cooperative labour in specific,circumscribed tasks and like roles.Historically an increasingly complex division of labour is closely associated with the growth of total output and trade,the rise of capitalism,and o f the complexity of industrialisation processes.Division of labour was also a
10、method used by the Sumerians to categorise different jobs,and divide them to skilled members of a society.3.the international financial crisis 国际金融危机国际金融危机Late-2000s financial crisis is considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s.It was trig
11、gered by a liquidity shortfall in the United States banking system,and has resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions,the bailout of banks by national governments,and downturns in stock markets around the world.In many areas,the housing market has also suffered,resulting in numerous ev
12、ictions,foreclosures and prolonged vacancies.It contributed to the failure of key businesses,declines in consumer wealth estimated in the trillions of U.S.dollars,substantial financial commitments incurred by governments,and a significant decline in economic activity,leading to a severe global econo
13、mic recession in 2019.Although there have been aftershocks,the financial crisis itself ended in late-2019.4.economic integration 经济一体经济一体Economic integration refers to trade unification between different states by the partial or full abolishing of customs tariffs on trade taking place within the bor
14、ders of each state.This is meant in turn to lead to lower prices for distributors and consumers(as no customs duties are paid within the integrated area)and the goal is to increase trade.5.fiscal policy 财政政策In economics,fiscal policy is the use of government expenditure and revenue collection(taxati
15、on)to influence the economy.Fiscal policy can be contrasted with the other main type of macroeconomic policy,monetary policy,which attempts to stabilize the economy by controlling interest rates and the money supply.The two main instruments of fiscal policy are government expenditure and taxation.6.
16、The Bogor Goals 茂物目标茂物目标In their 1994 Bogor Declaration,APEC Leaders agreed to the common goals of free and open trade and investment by 2019 for industrialized economies and 2020 for developing economies.They agreed to pursue these targets,known as the Bogor Goals,by reducing barriers to trade and
17、investment to promote the free flow of goods,services and capital among APEC economies.The Bogor Goals reflected the shared belief that free and open trade and investment were essential to realizing the regions growth potential and enhancing economic and social outcomes for all APEC economies.Austra
18、lia has played a leading role in shaping APECs agenda over the past 21 years,helping to map the way in which economies would pursue free and open trade and investment.The Bogor Goals provided a clear focus for the APEC vision of economic co-operation and open regionalism,and since their establishmen
19、t,the Goals have embodied the core APEC principles of voluntary co-operation,comprehensiveness,and consensus-based decision-making,underpinned by unilateral and collective actions.Comprehension of the TextI.Answer the following questions according to the text.1）What do many economists consider the l
20、ate-2000s financial crisis to be?2）What is international financial system？3）Do you think protectionism can help a country move out the crisis？4）How would you define economic integration?5）What will economic integration bring about?Language SkillsII.Word Study 1.In English,some nouns can be formed by
21、 adding tion/ion to a verb,meaning the act,state or result of doing something;some nouns can be formed by adding-ship to a noun,meaning the state or condition of having or being/skill;craft”.e.g.friend+-shipfriendship e.g.introduce+-tionintroductionAdd the suffix ship/-tion to the words below.2.Fill
22、 in the blanks in the passage with the words or expressions given below.1.If the equipment is not up to the agreed specifications and quality,we undertake to _ it.2.This drug will _ your discomfort.3.They had the _ to be hit by a violent storm.4.We _ huge losses in the financial crisis.5.Everyone sh
23、ould _ what he or she can afford.6.The police have _ two suspects from their enquiry.7.He _ the map out on the floor to look for the little city he had lived in.8.It is mpossible to _ who will win.9.The task _ more difficult than wed thought.10.As usual,the goods have to be _ WPA.3.Multiple Choice.I
24、 put salt in her glass of milk _.A.by error B.in mistake C.by mistake D.for mistake2.Labels stamped,sewn or printed on packages can help customers _ the products.A.identical B.identification C.identity D.identify3.The child has a preference for a toy panda _ candy.A.of B.for C.to D.on4.Dont _ his si
25、lence for lack of interest,though he is a man of few words.A.mislead B.misunderstand C.mistake D.mix5.Demand for a consumer product depends on the incomes of buyers,their subjective preferences,and _.A.competing products are priced.B.the prices of competing products C.what are the competing products
26、 prices D.how high the prices of competing products6.She was wearing _ coat.A.someone elses B.someones else C.someone else D.someones elses7.This medicine will _ you a good nights sleep.A.assure B.assume C.ensure D.consume8.The quality of their products _;it is always excellent.A.never varies B.vari
27、es C.never various D.various9.We must work hard _ the Five Year Plan may be accomplished ahead of time.A.so far B.so that C.so much D.or so10.Well have to finish it,_ long it takes.A.however B.how C.whatever D.despiteIII.Grammar Passive Voice1.Combine the sentences in each group.Model:“Get”is an“all
28、-purpose”verb.The verb is found in a lot of collocations.“Get”is an“all-purpose”verb which is found in a lot of collocations.1.He is a person.The person loves ease and despises work._2.The young worker is only twenty.The hotel discharged the young worker for theft._3.The man was Edison.His discoveri
29、es had so changed and improved the life of people everywhere._4.The song is a love-song.The singer sang it at the pop concert._5.The speed is 300,000 kilometers per second.Light travels at the speed._2.Combine the sentences in each group by using the connectives given.Model:Such girls are beautiful.
30、Those girls know me.Such girls as know me(=those girls whose know me)are beautiful.1.Lets discuss only such questions.Those questions concern every one of us_2.We need such materials.The materials can stand high temperatures._3.There are no such writers.You mention those writers._4.You must show my
31、wife the same respect.You show me the respect._5.Such people are rare nowadays.You describe those people._Business Knowledge Extensions.Translate the following sentences into English.1.这场国际金融危机充分暴露了世界经济发展方式不可持续、国际金融体系存在重大缺陷等突出问题。2.我们应该继续推动贸易和投资自由化便利化，反对任何形式的保护主义，特别是要反对对发展中国家采取不合理的贸易和投资限制。3.区域经济一体化有助
32、于增强区域内贸易和投资活力，是推动地区和世界经济增长的重要途径。4.世界经济形势有所好转，但我们不能因此放慢国际金融体系改革的步伐。5.每次重大经济危机都会伴生重大科技突破和产业调整，强力推动经济发展方式转变。V.Translate the following sentences in the text into Chinese.1.To ensure long-term development of the world economy,we must,while countering immediate difficulties adopt a multi-pronged approach
33、and effectively address the underlying structural problems in the world economy.We should turn the crisis into an opportunity and lay a solid foundation for the full recovery of the world economy.2.In the face of the crisis,China made timely adjustment to its macroeconomic policies,and introduced a
34、proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We adopted a stimulus package and relevant policy measures,and have improved them in the course of their implementation.Our focus in countering the crisis is to expand domestic demand,especially consumer demand.3.We should speed up scient
35、ific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading,develop green economy and circular economy,and rely on scientific and technological advancement to build up the internal dynamism of the world economy.4.We are accelerating transformation of our development pattern and the restructuring of o
36、ur economy,implementing large-scale plans to readjust and reinvigorate industries and promoting innovation in science and technology.We are making great effort to expand the domestic market,especially the rural market,control total discharge of pollutants and ensure both a sound natural eco-system a
37、nd a sound socio-economic system.5.We follow a win-win strategy of opening-up.While making efforts to stabilize export,we are also upgrading and transforming the processing trade sector and improving our trade structure.We have been expanding import,with a special focus on advanced technologies and
38、equipment,key spare parts as well as important energy resources and raw materials.VI.Write a summary of the text in about 120 words.VII.Write a one-paragraph composition entitled“Our focus in countering the crisis”.Complete the paragraph with five to seven sentences,using the words phrases given bel
39、ow.VIII.Discuss with your partner sustainable growth.1.infrastructure基础设施基础设施 It is the basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society or enterprise,or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function.The term typically refers to the technical stru
40、ctures that support a society,such as roads,water supply,sewers,electrical grids,telecommunications,and so forth.Viewed functionally,infrastructure facilitates the production of goods and services;for example,roads enable the transport of raw materials to a factory,and also for the distribution of f
41、inished products to markets and basic social services such as schools and hospitals.In military parlance,the term refers to the buildings and permanent installations necessary for the support,redeployment,and operation of military forces.2.macroeconomic policy instruments 宏观经济政策宏观经济政策Macroeconomic p
42、olicy instruments fall within the realm of Macroeconomics policy.The latter can be divided into two subsets:a)Monetary policy and b)Fiscal policy.Monetary policy is conducted by the Federal Reserve or the central bank of a country or supranational region(Euro zone).Fiscal policy is conducted by the
43、Executive and Legislative Branches of the Government and deals with managing a nations Budget.3.the global financial system(GFS)国际金融体系国际金融体系The global financial system(GFS)is the financial system consisting of institutions and regulators that act on the international level,as opposed to those that a
44、ct on a national or regional level.The main players are the global institutions,such as International Monetary Fund and Bank for International Settlements,national agencies and government departments,and finance ministries,private institutions acting on the global scale,and regional institutions.4.c
45、ircular Economy 循环经济循环经济There are a number of ways to define the term Circular Economy(CE).The accepted working definition may be interlinked manufacturing and service businesses seeking the enhancement of economy and environmental performance through collaboration in managing environmental and reso
46、urce issues.The theme of the CE concept is the exchange of materials where one facilitys waste,including energy,water,materials-as well as information-is another facilitys input.By working together,the community of businesses seeks a collective benefit that is larger than the sum of the individual b
47、enefits each enterprise,industry and community would realize if it intended to optimize its performance on an individual basis.5.green economy 绿色经济绿色经济A green economy is one that results in improved human well-being and social equity,while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological sc
48、arcities-United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP)(2019).A green economy is an economy or economic development model based on sustainable development and knowledge of ecological economics.Its most distinguishing feature from prior economic regimes is direct valuation of natural capital and natures
49、services as having economics value and a full cost accounting regime in which costs externalized onto society via ecosystems are reliably t Definition of a green economy.1.BackBack2.1.replace 2.relieve 3.misfortune 4.suffered 5.contribute 6.eliminated 7.spread 8.predict 9.proved 10.insured3.1.C 2.D
50、3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.A2.Fill in the blanks in the passage with the words or expressions given below.1.replace 2.relieve 3.misfortune 4.suffered 5.contribute 6.eliminated 7.spread 8.predict 9.proved 10.insured3.Multiple Choice:1.C 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.ABackBackIII.1.1.He is a
