1、被动语态被动语态英语的语态英语的语态是通过是通过动词形式动词形式的变化表现出来的的变化表现出来的。英语英语中有两种语态：中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态和被动语态。主动主动语态语态：表示主语和谓语之间是：表示主语和谓语之间是主动主动关系。关系。We clean the classroom every day.被动语态被动语态：1.定义：表示主语和谓语之间是定义：表示主语和谓语之间是被动被动关系，主语被。关系，主语被。2.谓语结构是：谓语结构是：be+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词3.强调强调动作发出者：动作发出者：by+宾语代词或名词宾语代词或名词3.be有各种时态变化有各种时态变化。我
2、们每年都我们每年都 种树种树。We plant trees every year.树每年树每年都被我们都被我们种。种。Trees are planted by us every year.我们去年我们去年 种树了。种树了。We planted trees last year.树去年树去年都被我们都被我们种了。种了。Trees were planted by us last year.SheShe speaksspeaks EnglishEnglish every day.every day.EnglishEnglish is spokenis spoken by herby her every
3、 day.every day.被动语态构成形式一般现在时的被动语态is/am/are+过去分词一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词一般将来时的被动语态will be+过去分词现在完成时的被动语态have/has been+过去分词含情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/need/should+be+过去分词典例精析】1.Can you sing the English song?Yes,a little.It _ on the radio yesterday.A.taughtB.is taughtC.was taught 2.Its difficult to get to th
4、e other side of the river.I think a bridge _ over the riverA.should be built B.should build C.will buildD.has built 词条词条词性词性含义含义用法用法take place不及物动词短语发生；出现；举行（某事）按计划进行或按计划发生happen不及物动词发生常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”注：两者都没有被动语态被动语态的特殊情况被动语态的特殊情况1.一些一些动词短语动词短语用被动语态时，动词短语应视为一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的用被动语态时，动词短语应视为一个整
5、体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词介词或副词。The little dog must be looked after well.那只小狗必须得到很好的照顾。那只小狗必须得到很好的照顾。2.make，see，watch，hear，notice，feel等使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中与省略等使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中与省略to的动词不定式连用，但变为的动词不定式连用，但变为被动语态后，必须加上被动语态后，必须加上to。I often see the old man run in the morning.The old man is often seen to run in the morning
6、.我经常看见那个老人早晨跑步。我经常看见那个老人早晨跑步。3.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。The pears taste nice.那些梨味道很好。那些梨味道很好。4.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见的此类动词有：不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见的此类动词有：cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等。等。The book sells well.这本书这本书卖得很好。卖得很好。【典例精析】1.Jim is often s
7、een _ basketball at school.A.play B.to play C.playsD.played2.If the small trees _,they will grow up quickly.A.take good care B.take good care of C.are taken good care D.are taken good care of()1.My room _ by myself every day.A.is cleaned B.cleanedC.has cleanedD.is clean来源:学+()2.My pencil _ the day b
8、efore yesterday.A.will be found B.was found C.is found D.was find()3.The work _ well _ and my mother smiled.A.is,done B.was,doneC.will be doneD.was do()4.His letter _ soon.He can play with you in a short time.A.wont be finished B.was finished C.will be finishedD.will be finish()5.I believe that thos
9、e mountains _ with trees in a few years time.A.are covered B.will be covered C.are covering D.were covered()6.Today many trees are being cut in our country.So more trees _ A.must plantB.must be plant C.must be plantedD.must planted()7.The flowers _ every day.A.should water B.should be watered C.shou
10、ldnt be watered D.were watered()8.Many boys and girls are made _ what they dont want to.A.to do B.doC.doneD.doing()9.Mr.Johnsons story _ by everyone who heard it.A.laughed at B.was laughed C.laughed D.was laughed at()10.The silk dress _ soft and comfortable.A.is feelingB.feels C.has feltD.is feltPra
11、ctice()11.His new book_ next month.A.will be published B.is publishingC.is published D.was published()12.The waiter _ for a long time.A.was made wait B.was made to waitC.made waitD.made to wait()13.This kind of popular skirts _ beautiful and _ well.Now all of them _.A.looks,sells,have been sold out
12、B.is looked,is sold,have been sold oC.looks,is sold,have been sold outD.looks,sells,sell out()14.New computers _ all over the world.A.is used B.are using C.are used D.have used()15.Where is Mary?She _ in the cinema an hour ago.A.saw B.sees C.is seen D.was seen()16.Your city looks beautiful!Yes,Lots
13、of trees and grass _last year.A.are planted B.have planted C.will be planted D.were planted Practice情态动情态动词词Can,may,must,shall,could,might,should,would,need,have to,dare一、定义情态动词表示说话者的情感、态度和语气。它们本身有一定的意义,但没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作谓语,须和动词一起构成句子的谓语。表示否定时在情态动词后加not(must,have to除外),表示疑问时将情态动词提至主语前即可。must,should,ma
14、y,might都可以表示“可以”,可能性程度由大到小依次为:must should may might。原形原形(过去式过去式)用法用法含义含义can(could)表示能力表示能力(=be able to)能能;会会(疑问句中疑问句中)表示请求表示请求可以可以(否定句、疑问句中否定句、疑问句中)表示可能性表示可能性can可能可能cant不可能不可能常见情态动词用法常见情态动词用法1.can/could用法用法情态动词的过去式表示比原形更委婉的语气。may(might)表示可能性表示可能性(可与可与maybe互换互换)可能可能表示客气请求表示客气请求可以可以表示祝愿表示祝愿祝祝2.may/mig
15、ht用法用法情态动词的过去式表示比原形更委婉的语气。注意 May.?句式的否定回答:No,.mustnt/cant.must表示义务、命令或要求表示义务、命令或要求必须必须表示肯定的表示肯定的猜测猜测(否定的否定的猜测用猜测用cant)一定一定mustnt禁止禁止3.must的用法情态动词的过去式表示比原形更委婉的语气。Must.?句式的否定回答:No,.neednt.或dont have to have to有人称、数和时态的变化,表示受客观条件限制,意为“不得不”4.shall/should的用法shall(should)Shall.?用于第一人称用于第一人称,表示建议或请求表示建议或请求
16、好吗好吗?should用于各种人称用于各种人称,强调义务或责任强调义务或责任应该应该情态动词的过去式表示比原形更委婉的语气。will(would)用于第二人称疑问句中用于第二人称疑问句中,表示征求表示征求意见或提建议意见或提建议愿意愿意will用于各种人称用于各种人称,表示意愿表示意愿5.will/would的用法情态动词的过去式表示比原形更委婉的语气。区区别别must“一定是一定是”,用来表示有把握的肯定推测用来表示有把握的肯定推测cant“不可能是不可能是”,用来表示有把握的否定推测用来表示有把握的否定推测辨析.must&cant区区别别have to主要表示客观需要主要表示客观需要,意为
17、意为“不得不不得不”。有人称。有人称和时态的变化和时态的变化(has to;had to;will have to)must强调说话人的主观看法强调说话人的主观看法,意为意为“必须必须;应该应该”否定形式的不同否定形式的不同:mustnt表示表示“禁止禁止;不应该不应该”;not have to表示表示“不必不必”,相当于相当于neednt辨析 must&have to区区别别表示某种能力时表示某种能力时,二者可通用二者可通用can只用于现在时和过去时只用于现在时和过去时(could),be able to可可用于各种时态用于各种时态遇到有助动词或情态动词时只能用遇到有助动词或情态动词时只能用
18、be able tocan&be able tomaybe用于句首表示用于句首表示“可能可能;也许也许”,相当于相当于perhapsmay be其中其中may是情态动词是情态动词,后接动词原形后接动词原形be,表示表示“可可能是能是”,在句中作谓语。两者可互换。在句中作谓语。两者可互换。maybe&may be1.(2013福州中考)Is that girl Susan?Itbe her.She left for Beijing yesterday.A.needntB.cantC.mustnt2.(2013安徽中考)Youdrive your car so fast.Its very dang
19、erous.A.wouldnt B.shouldnt C.couldnt D.mightnt3.(2013青岛中考)Excuse me,sir.Youopen the door before the train stops.A.mustnt B.neednt C.may not D.dont have to4.(2013淄博中考)Honey,how are you feeling now?I am much better,Mum.So youtake me to see the doctor.A.cantB.mustntC.needntD.couldnt5.(2012南通中考)Can I wa
20、lk across the road now,mum?No,you.You have to wait until the light turns green.A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.mustnt D.neednt6.Must we leave now?No,we.We still have two more hours.A.cant B.mustnt C.needntD.shouldntPractice 1.Where is Tom?He hasnt come to school today.I think he _be ill.A.would B.can C.cant
21、D.might2.There is somebody at the door.Who _it be?Is it the postman?No,it _ be him.Its just seven oclock.Its too early.A.can;cant B.will;wont C.may;mustnt D.must;may not3.Have a glass of water,please.You be thirsty after running.A.must B.should C.can D.have to4.Tina be in Paris,for I saw her here on
22、ly half an hour ago.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.may not 5.Excuse me,is this the right way to No.1 Middle School?Sorry,Im not sure.But it be.A.can B.need C.must D.may6.I havent seen Alice for several years.She be a big girl now.7.The brown wallet be Toms or Bills.They both like brown.8.Who is the man over there?Is it Mr Li?No,it be him.Mr Li is much taller自我提升自我提升SEE YOU!
