1、句子成分及简单句句子成分及简单句FeedbackFeedbackFeedbackLearning aims1.语言目标：了解简单句的五种句型。了解各种句子成分的名称。2.能力目标：提高辨别句子类型的能力，会划分句子成分。3.情感目标：提高英语的学习兴趣，积累分析句型的学习方法。I met my new student Mark on the playgroundyesterday.Who is Mark?He runs.He is a boy.He likes playing basketball.I gave him a smile.I consider him an active boy.
2、Members of a sentence 主语主语 subject 谓语谓语 predicate 宾语宾语 object 表语表语 predicative 宾补宾补 complement 定语定语 attribute 状语状语 adverbial 同位语同位语 appositive英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。结构的基础。一一:(主谓主谓)二二:(主系表主系表)三三:(主谓宾主谓宾)四四:(主谓间宾直宾
3、主谓间宾直宾)五五:(主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补)Who is he?He runs.He is a boy.He likes playing basketball.I give him a smile.I consider him an active boy.主语主语S 谓语谓语V 系动词系动词V 表语表语P 直接宾语直接宾语o 间接宾语间接宾语O 宾补宾补CI met my new student Mark on the playground yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语 宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语句子分类句子分类简单句简单句复合句复合句并列复合句并列复合句主从复合句主从复合句
4、有两个或两个以上的简单句有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。用连词连接而成。如：如：and,but,or,so等等定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句名词性从句名词性从句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.eg:Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspaper.由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有主谓结构。由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有主谓结构。主语主语subjectJane is
5、good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.主语主语:可以作主语的成分有名词可以作主语的成分有名词.主格代词主格代词,动词不定式动词不定式.数词数词.动名词等主语一般动名词等主语一般在句首在句首。名词名词主格代词主格代词数词数词动词不定式动词不定式动名词动名词the+形容词形容词句子句
6、子1.The students got on the school bus.2.His job is to train swimmers.3.We often speak English in class.4.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.5.It is necessary to master a foreign language.(一一)挑出下列句中的主语挑出下列句中的主语谓语predicate 谓语谓语:简单谓语由简单谓语由动词动词或动词词组或动词词组构成构成,是完整的是完整的时态时态和和语态。
7、语态。一般一般在在主语之后主语之后。I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well.She has finished the homework.1.He managed to finish the work in time2.I have been learning English for 10 years.3.He should tell me the truth.4.My brother d
8、oesnt like study.5.I shall answer your question after class.(二二)挑出下列句中谓语挑出下列句中谓语I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.He asked where he was.（三）宾语（三）宾语object宾语：动作的接受者，一般宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓在谓语后面语后面.由名词由名词,代词代词,介词短语介词短语,非非谓语及从句谓语及从句充当。充当。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间
9、接宾语.直接宾语直接宾语指指物物,间接宾语间接宾语指指人人.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.(三三)挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 1.My brother hasnt done his homework.2.People all over the world speak English.3.How many new words did you learn last class?4.Some of the students in the scho
10、ol want to go swimming,how about you?5.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.（四）表语（四）表语 在系动词后在系动词后的部分就是表语的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:be动词动词(am,is,are)感官系动词感官系动词 feel,smell,sound,taste,look 变化系动词变化系动词 become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come 状态系动词状态系动词 seem,keep,remain,stay,appear.1.They seem to know t
11、he truth.2.Time is precious.3.Who was the first?4.He is out of condition.5.The book is what I need.6.The apple tastes good.（四）表语四）表语predicative(四四)挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语1.The old man was feeling very tired.2.The leaves have turned yellow.3.Soon they all became interested in the subject.牛刀小试牛刀小试a.主谓主谓 b.
12、主主 系系 表表 c.主主 谓谓 宾宾d.主主 谓谓 间宾间宾 直宾直宾 e.主主 谓谓 宾宾 宾补宾补 1.Please tell us a story._2.He noticed a man enter the room._3.I have a lot work to do._4.His job is to train swimmers._5.She smiled._6.Please look at the picture._daebecnounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主主语语谓谓语语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾补宾补表语表语宾语宾语(间间)宾语宾语(直直)
13、Vt系动词系动词ViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/lie become/get/grow/turn go/come/remain/keeptaste/smell etc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.(五)宾语补足语宾语补足语object complement 宾语补足语宾语补足语:位于位于宾语之后宾语之后对宾语作出对宾语作出说明
14、的成分。说明的成分。I found the book interesting.Do you hear Tom singing?He made himself understood.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.形容词形容词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词不定动词不定式式介词短语介词短语副词副词名词名词(五五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children
15、to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.（六）定语(Attributive):定语的作用？用于修饰、限定修饰、限定名词或代词。定语一般由？充当。girl 定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。a pencil box定语(Attributive):定语也可以由从句从句或非谓
16、语动词非谓语动词充当。Those who want to learn English well should study harder than others.an interesting booka meeting to attend 定语也可以由介词（词组）充当。The books on the shelf(六六)挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语1.What is your given name?2.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4.I
17、 am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!（七）状语（七）状语adverbial 用于用于修饰形容词修饰形容词,副词副词,动词动词,介词短语或介词短语或句子句子.可表示时间可表示时间,地点地点,原因原因,结果结果,目的目的,方方式式,伴随伴随,条件条件,程度程度,让步让步,频率等频率等.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that he missed the train.His parents died,lea
18、ving him an orphan.(七七)挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.八、同位语八、同位语 appositive同位语同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时同等位置时,一个句子成分一个句子成分用来用来说明和解释说
19、明和解释另一个句子成分另一个句子成分,这个句子成分就叫做它的这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。同位语。We students should study hard.(students是是we的同位语的同位语,都指同一批都指同一批“学生学生”)We all are students.(all是是we的同位语的同位语,都指同样的都指同样的“我们我们”)划分句子成分划分句子成分1.You will tell your friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a w
20、indow.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4.The dark,rainy evening,the wind,the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.1.You will tell(your)friend that youve got to school.2.But as the moon gave far too much light,I didnt dare open a window.3.Another time five months ago,I happened to beUpstairs at dusk(when the window was open).4.The(dark,rainy)evening,the wind,the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their power.主语主语谓语谓语间宾间宾定语定语直接宾语直接宾语原因状语原因状语主语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语
