1、宁波大学2021年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷) (答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码： 211总分值： 100科目名称：翻译硕士英语Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points: 1 20 for Section A, and 1 10 for Section B).Section A:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answe
2、r that best completes the sentence. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1. Hes color-blind and cant _ between red and green easily. A. determineB. identifyC. exploreD. distinguish2. Many tribes became _ when they came into contact with Western illnesses.A. intactB. insaneC. extinctD. exemp
3、t3.He cant afford the ordinary comforts of life, _ luxuries.A. nothing butB. anything butC. not to speak ofD. nothing to speak of4.They were on their way to the airport when their van was involved in a _ with a car.A. collisionB. collaborationC. corrosionD. confrontation5.It seems an appropriate tim
4、e to analyze the effectiveness of the death _ in reducing the murder rate in the states where it has been applied.A. plotB. practiceC. penaltyD. pattern6.If annual economic growth of over 6% is _, a country that not long ago was a byword for poverty can contemplate reaching middle-income levels in b
5、arely a decade.A. constrainedB. detainedC. remainedD. sustained7.The tragic death of his only son _ him of all the joys of life.A. relievedB. jeopardizedC. deprivedD. eliminated8.We would support a further cut in interest rates as a _ to economic growth.A. progressionB. primeC. stabilityD. stimulus9
6、.In the _ light, it was hard to tell what his expression was.A. mildB. dimC. minuteD. slight10.Like other emerging economies, Brazil fought back by _ taxes and other restrictions on foreign purchases of local securities.A. impairingB. imposingC. invadingD. integrating11.They said the operation had b
7、een successful and they expected the patient to _.A. pull outB. pull throughC. pull upD. pull over12.He was obliged to _ when one of his own aides was implicated in a financial scandal.A. resignB. rejectC. retreatD. replace13.The workers knocked themselves out to fulfil their production _ ahead of t
8、ime.A. portionB. quotaC. ratioD. allocation14.The police have _ witnesses who may be afraid to come forward that they will be guaranteed anonymity.A. retrievedB. releasedC. reassuredD. revived15.If we had been spotted at that point, I dont know what _ to us.A. would have happened B. must have happen
9、ed C. should happen D. must happen16The regulator cautions investors not to place undue _ on the forward-looking statements contained in this press release.A. assuranceB. probabilityC. relianceD. conformity17.He agreed to speak to reporters _ he was not identified.A. in the belief thatB. in order th
10、atC. on the excuse thatD. on condition that18.There is no _ evidence that suggests widespread mail ballots are missing.A. rigidB. solidC. smoothD. harsh19.New housing developments are _ all over the state.A. bringing upB. building upC. springing upD. striking up20.The company has decided to _ its op
11、erations to include overseas markets.A. stretchB. multiplyC. expandD. lengthenSection B: There is a passage with ten blanks in this section. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before
12、 making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The U. S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education
13、. Today it is 21 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most.“All children are 22 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income. It is 23 i
14、mportant that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 24 ” U. S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said. “Despite the excellent work and deep 25 of our nations teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly t
15、reated across our country. We have to do better. Local leaders and educators will 26 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 27 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 28 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most.”Todays ann
16、ouncement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 29 of President Obamas year of action. Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 30 of working in high-need schools an
17、d how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.A. announcingI. distributingB. beneficialJ. enhanceC. challengesK. entitledD. commitmentL. potentialE. componentM. properlyF. contestsN. qualifiedG. criticallyO. retainH. developPart II. Reading Comprehension (40 poin
18、ts : 2 20)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 31 to 35 are based
19、on the following passage.When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just one year out of college, many were at a loss to explain it.All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gapthat women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids,
20、 for example, or that they dont seek as many management roles failed to justify this one. These young women didnt have kids yet. And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of these women yet had the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership roles.But th
21、ere are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequal one. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our stude
22、nts years on campus.Now that women are the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they star
23、t to trail off during their college years. They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous subjects, and generally head off with less ambitious plans.As a result, its not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the workplace with a slight disadvantage. Thei
24、r college experience leaves them somewhat confused, still stumbling over the dilemmas their grandmothers generation sought to destroy. Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy? All their lives, todays young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passionto pursue science
25、 and sports, math and theaterand do it all as well as they possibly can. No wonder they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing.31.Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because_.A. they have fa
26、iled to take as many rigorous coursesB. they do not feel as fit for management rolesC. they feel obliged to take care of their kids at homeD. they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities32.What does the author say about Americas higher education system?A. It does not offer specific career cou
27、nseling to women.B. It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.C. It does not take care of women students special needs.D. It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects.33.What does the author say about todays college experience?A. It is different for male and female students.B. I
28、t is not the same as that of earlier generations.C. It is more exhausting than most women expect.D. It is not so satisfying to many American students.34.What does the author say about women students in college?A. They have no idea how to bring out their best.B. They drop a course when they find it t
29、oo rigorous.C. They are not as practical as men in choosing courses.D. They dont perform as well as they did in high school.35.How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?A. Women are too worn out to be ambitious.B. Women are not ready to take management roles.C.
30、 Women are caught between career and family.D. Women are not good at negotiating salaries.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly th
31、inks theyre bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pocket
32、s. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants impact on the economy and the reality?There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place
33、 on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nations fears and insecurities. Theres some truth to all these explanations, but they arent quite sufficient.To get a better understanding of whats going on; consider
34、the way immigrations impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants low-cost labor are businesses and employers meatpacking plants in Neb
35、raska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentr
36、ated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Boras, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was
37、 strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreas
38、ed, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants access to certain benefits.The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected say, low-skilled workers, or California residents the impact isnt all
39、that dramatic. “The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions,” says Daniel Michener, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. “But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one.” T
40、oo bad most people dont realize it.36.What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Whether immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists.B. The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now its a different story.C. The consensus among economists is that immigratio
41、n should not be encouraged.D. The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration.37.In what way does the author think ordinary Americans benefit from immigration?A. They can access all kinds of public services.B. They can get consumer goods at lower prices.C. The
42、y can mix with people of different cultures.D. They can avoid doing much of the manual labor.38.Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration?A. They have greater difficulty getting welfare support.B. They are more likely to encounter interracial conflicts.C. They have a har
43、der time getting a job with decent pay.D. They are no match for illegal immigrants in labor skills.39.What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants?A. It may change the existing social structure.B. It may pose a threat to their economic st
44、atus.C. It may lead to social instability in the country.D. It may place a great strain on the state budget.40. What is the irony about the debate over immigration?A. Even economists cant reach a consensus about its impact.B. Those who are opposed to it turn out to benefit most from it.C. People are
45、 making too big a fuss about something of small impact.D. There is no essential difference between seemingly opposite opinions.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge of environmental claims made by household products, accordin
46、g to a “green labeling” study published by Consumers International Friday.Among the reports more outrageous findings-a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendly” a brand of flour said it was “non-polluting” and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlier”The stud
47、y was written and researched by Britains National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.“While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,” said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, S
